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Microbial dynamics, metabolomic profiles, and the correlation between them during fermentation of serofluid dish

Wei J, Ren W, Wang L, Liu M, Tian X, Ding G, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2020 Dec;100(15):5627-5636.
PMID: 32712996 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10690

BACKGROUND: Serofluid dish, a traditional Chinese fermented food, possesses unique flavors and health beneficial effects. These properties are likely due to the sophisticated metabolic networks during fermentation, which are mainly driven by microbiota. However, the exact roles of metabolic pathways and the microbial community during this process remain equivocal.
RESULTS: Here, we investigated the microbial dynamics by next-generation sequencing, and outlined a differential non-targeted metabolite profiling in the process of serofluid dish fermentation using the method of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lactobacillus was the leading genus of bacteria, while Pichia and Issatchenkia were the dominant fungi. They all accumulated during fermentation. In total, 218 differential metabolites were identified, of which organic acids, amino acids, sugar and sugar alcohols, fatty acids, and esters comprised the majority. The constructed metabolic network showed that tricarboxylic acid cycle, urea cycle, sugar metabolism, amino acids metabolism, choline metabolism, and flavonoid metabolism were regulated by the fermentation. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the leading fungi, Pichia and Issatchenkia, were linked to organic acids, amino acid and sugar metabolism, flavonoids, and several other flavor and functional components. Antibacterial tests indicated the antibacterial effect of serofluid soup against Salmonella and Staphylococcus.
CONCLUSION: This work provides new insights into the complex microbial and metabolic networks during serofluid dish fermentation, and a theoretical basis for the optimization of its industrial production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition in an interspecific cross of oil palm

Singh R, Tan SG, Panandam JM, Rahman RA, Ooi LC, Low ET, et al.

BMC Plant Biol, 2009;9:114.
PMID: 19706196 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-114

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is well suited to a perennial crop like oil palm, in which the economic products are not produced until several years after planting. The use of DNA markers for selection in such crops can greatly reduce the number of breeding cycles needed. With the use of DNA markers, informed decisions can be made at the nursery stage, regarding which individuals should be retained as breeding stock, which are satisfactory for agricultural production, and which should be culled. The trait associated with oil quality, measured in terms of its fatty acid composition, is an important agronomic trait that can eventually be tracked using molecular markers. This will speed up the production of new and improved oil palm planting materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Pseudomonas versuta sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic soil

See-Too WS, Salazar S, Ee R, Convey P, Chan KG, Peix Á

Syst Appl Microbiol, 2017 Jun;40(4):191-198.
PMID: 28501448 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.03.002

In this study we analysed three bacterial strains coded L10.10T, A4R1.5 and A4R1.12, isolated in the course of a study of quorum-quenching bacteria occurring in Antarctic soil. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was identical in the three strains and showed 99.7% pairwise similarity with respect to the closest related species Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis WS4993T. Therefore, the three strains were classified within the genus Pseudomonas. Analysis of housekeeping genes (rpoB, rpoD and gyrB) sequences showed similarities of 84-95% with respect to the closest related species of Pseudomonas, confirming its phylogenetic affiliation. The ANI values were less than 86% to the closest related species type strains. The respiratory quinone is Q9. The major fatty acids are C16:0, C16:1 ω7c/ C16:1 ω6c in summed feature 3 and C18:1 ω7c / C18:1 ω6c in summed feature 8. The strains are oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurs at 4-30°C, and at pH 4.0-10. The DNA G+C content is 58.2-58.3mol %. The combined genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data support the classification of strains L10.10T, A4R1.5 and A4R1.12 into a novel species of Pseudomonas, for which the name P. versuta sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L10.10T (LMG 29628T, DSM 101070T).

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext Therapeutic potential of the haruan (Channa striatus): from food to medicinal uses

Mohd SM, Abdul Manan MJ

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Apr;18(1):125-36.
PMID: 23713236 MyJurnal

The haruan (Channa striatus) is an indigenous, predatory freshwater fish of Malaysia. It is a common food fish among the local populace with traditionally identified pharmacological benefits in treating wound and pain and in boosting energy of the sick. Channa striatus is also a subject of renewed interest in Malaysian folk medicine in the search for a better cure for diseases and ailments. Amino acids and fatty acids, found in high concentrations in the fish, might have contributed to its pharmacological properties. Important amino acids of the fish include glycine, lysine and arginine, while its fatty acids are arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. They appear to effect their influence through the formation of several types of bioactive molecules. Extracts of the fish are produced from whole fish, roe, mucus and skin of the fish. This review updates research findings on potential uses of Channa striatus, beyond the traditional prescription as a wound healer, pain reliever and energy booster to include its properties as a ACE-inhibitor, anti-depressant and neuroregenerative agent. The fish appears to have wide-ranging medical uses and should be studied more intensively to unearth its other properties and mechanisms of action.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext The trans fatty acids content of selected foods in Malaysia

Akmar ZD, Norhaizan ME, Azimah R, Azrina A, Chan YM

Malays J Nutr, 2013 Apr;19(1):87-98.
PMID: 24800387 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of information on the trans fatty acid (TFA) content in Malaysian foods. The objective of this study is to determine the TFA content of bakery products, snacks, dairy products, fast foods, cooking oils and semisolid fats, and breakfast cereals and Malaysian fast foods. This study also estimated the quantity of each isomer in the foods assayed.
METHODS: The trans fatty acid content of each food sample was assessed in duplicate by separating the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in a gas chromatography system equipped with HP-88 column (USA: split ratio 10: 1) for cis/trans separation. Five major TFA isomers, palmitoelaidic acid (16: 1t9), petroselaidic acid (18:1t6), elaidic acid (18:1t9), vaccenic acid (18: 1t11) and linoelaidic acid (18:2t9, 12), were measured using gas chromatography (GC) and the data were expressed in unit values of g/100 g lipid or g/100 g food.
RESULTS: The total TFA contents in the studied foods were < 0.001 g-8.77 g/100 g lipid or < 0.001 g-5.79 g/100 g foods. This value falls within the standard and international recommendation level for TFA. The measured range of specific TFA isomers were as follows: palmitoelaidic acid (< 0.001 g-0.26 g/100 g lipid), petroselaidic acid (< 0.001 g - 3.09 g/100 g lipid), elaidic acid (< 0.001 g-0.87 g/100 g lipid), vaccenic acid (< 0.001 g-0.41 g/100 g lipid) and linoelaidic acid (< 0.001 g-6.60 g/100 g lipid).
CONCLUSION: These data indicate that most of the tested foods have low TFA contents (< 1 g/100 g lipid).

Matched MeSH terms: Trans Fatty Acids/analysis*
Whole-grain intake and its inverse relationships with fatty acids intake among multiethnic Malaysian schoolchildren

Koo HC, Kaur S, Chan KQ, Soh WH, Ang YL, Chow WS, et al.

J Hum Nutr Diet, 2020 10;33(5):670-677.
PMID: 32250007 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12753

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the relationship of whole-grain intake with dietary fatty acids intake. The present study aimed to assess the whole-grain intake and its relationships with dietary fatty acids intake among multiethnic schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 schoolchildren aged 9-11 years, cluster sampled from five randomly selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. Whole-grain and fatty acids intakes were assessed by 3-day, 24-h diet recalls. All whole-grain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained.
RESULTS: In total, 55.6% (n = 218) were whole-grain consumers. Mean (SD) daily intake of whole grain in the total sample was 5.13 (9.75) g day-1 . In the whole-grain consumer's only sample, mean (SD) intakes reached 9.23 (11.55) g day-1 . Significant inverse associations were found between whole-grain intake and saturated fatty acid (SAFA) intake (r = -0.357; P

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Dietary supplementation of different parts of Andrographis paniculata affects the fatty acids, lipid oxidation, microbiota, and quality attributes of longissimus muscle in goats

Yusuf AL, Adeyemi KD, Roselina K, Alimon AR, Goh YM, Samsudin AA, et al.

Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:699-707.
PMID: 30007735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.015

The effects of dietary supplementation of different parts of Andrographis paniculata on fatty acids, lipid oxidation, microbiota and quality attributes of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in goats were assessed. Twenty four, entire Boer bucks (4 months old; 20.18 ± 0.19 kg BW) were randomly allotted to either a basal diet without additive (AP0), a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL) or a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata whole plant (APW). The bucks were fed the diets for 100 d and slaughtered. The LTL muscle was subjected to a 7 d chill storage. The AP0 meat had higher (p  .05) on muscle glycogen, pH, drip loss, chemical composition and lactic acid bacteria count. Cooking loss, shear force, and TBARS values were lower (p 

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Influence of nitrogen availability on biomass, lipid production, fatty acid profile, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase genes in Messastrum gracile SE-MC4

Anne-Marie K, Yee W, Loh SH, Aziz A, Cha TS

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2020 Jan 07;36(1):17.
PMID: 31912247 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2790-y

In this study, the effects of limited and excess nitrate on biomass, lipid production, and fatty acid profile in Messastrum gracile SE-MC4 were determined. The expression of fatty acid desaturase genes, namely stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD), omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (ω-6 FAD), omega-3 fatty acid desaturase isoform 1 (ω-3 FADi1), and omega-3 fatty acid desaturase isoform 2 (ω-3 FADi2) was also assessed. It was found that nitrate limitation generally increased the total oil, α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in M. gracile. The reduction of nitrate concentration from 1.76 to 0.11 mM increased the total oil content significantly from 32.5 to 41.85% (dry weight). Palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids as the predominant fatty acids in this microalgae constituted between 82 and 87% of the total oil content and were relatively consistent throughout all nitrate concentrations tested. The expression of SAD, ω-6 FAD, and ω-3 FADi2 genes increased under nitrate limitation, especially at 0.11 mM nitrate. The ω-3 FADi1 demonstrated a binary up-regulation pattern of expression under both nitrate-deficient (0.11 mM) and -excess (3.55 mM) conditions. Thus, findings from this study suggested that limited or excess nitrate could be used as part of a cultivation strategy to increase oil and PUFA content following media optimisation and more efficient culture methodology. Data obtained from the expression of desaturase genes would provide valuable insights into their roles under excess and limited nitrate conditions in M. gracile, potentially paving the way for future genetic modifications.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Paracoccus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino (Seremban)

Kämpfer P, Lai WA, Arun AB, Young CC, Rekha PD, Martin K, et al.

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2012 Nov;62(Pt 11):2750-2756.
PMID: 22286908 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.039057-0

A Gram-negative, coccoid-shaped bacterium, strain CC-CCM15-8(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino (Seremban) from Budai Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly allocated strain CC-CCM15-8(T) to the Paracoccus cluster, showing highest similarities to the type strains of 'Paracoccus beibuensis' (98.8%), Paracoccus homiensis (97.6%), Paracoccus aestuarii (97.7%) and Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens (97.7%). The fatty acid profile, comprising C(18:1)ω7c as the major component and C(10:0) 3-OH as the characteristic hydroxylated fatty acid, supported the placement of strain CC-CCM15-8(T) within the genus Paracoccus. The polyamine pattern consisted of putrescine and spermidine as major components. Ubiqinone Q-10 was the major quinone type (95%); ubiquinone Q-9 was also detected (5%). The complex polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and unidentified phospholipids, lipids and glycolipids. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CC-CCM15-8(T) and 'P. beibuensis' LMG 25871(T), P. aestuarii DSM 19484(T), P. zeaxanthinifaciens LMG 21993(T) and P. homiensis KACC 11518(T) were 24.9% (34.8%, reciprocal analysis), 15.7% (17.5%), 17.7% (23.4%) and 16.0% (25.4%), respectively. Physiological and biochemical test results allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-CCM15-8(T) from its closest relatives in the genus Paracoccus. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that strain CC-CCM15-8(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CCM15-8(T) (=LMG 26205(T)=CCM 7904(T)).

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Rapid alkali catalyzed transesterification of microalgae lipids to biodiesel using simultaneous cooling and microwave heating and its optimization

Chee Loong T, Idris A

Bioresour Technol, 2014 Dec;174:311-5.
PMID: 25443622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.015

Biodiesel with improved yield was produced from microalgae biomass under simultaneous cooling and microwave heating (SCMH). Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. which were known to contain higher lipid species were used. The yield obtained using this novel technique was compared with the conventional heating (CH) and microwave heating (MWH) as the control method. The results revealed that the yields obtained using the novel SCMH were higher; Nannochloropsis sp. (83.33%) and Tetraselmis sp. (77.14%) than the control methods. Maximum yields were obtained using SCMH when the microwave was set at 50°C, 800W, 16h of reaction with simultaneous cooling at 15°C; and water content and lipid to methanol ratio in reaction mixture was kept to 0 and 1:12 respectively. GC analysis depicted that the biodiesel produced from this technique has lower carbon components (<19 C) and has both reasonable CN and IV reflecting good ignition and lubricating properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext The use of D-optimal mixture design in optimising okara soap formulation for stratum corneum application

Borhan FP, Abd Gani SS, Shamsuddin R

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:173979.
PMID: 25548777 DOI: 10.1155/2014/173979

Okara, soybean waste from tofu and soymilk production, was utilised as a natural antioxidant in soap formulation for stratum corneum application. D-optimal mixture design was employed to investigate the influence of the main compositions of okara soap containing different fatty acid and oils (virgin coconut oil A (24-28% w/w), olive oil B (15-20% w/w), palm oil C (6-10% w/w), castor oil D (15-20% w/w), cocoa butter E (6-10% w/w), and okara F (2-7% w/w)) by saponification process on the response hardness of the soap. The experimental data were utilized to carry out analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to develop a polynomial regression model for okara soap hardness in terms of the six design factors considered in this study. Results revealed that the best mixture was the formulation that included 26.537% A, 19.999% B, 9.998% C, 16.241% D, 7.633% E, and 7.000% F. The results proved that the difference in the level of fatty acid and oils in the formulation significantly affects the hardness of soap. Depending on the desirable level of those six variables, creation of okara based soap with desirable properties better than those of commercial ones is possible.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Evaluation of solvent system for the enzymatic synthesis of ethanol-based biodiesel from sludge palm oil (SPO)

Nasaruddin RR, Alam MZ, Jami MS

Bioresour Technol, 2014 Feb;154:155-61.
PMID: 24384322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.095

A green technology of biodiesel production focuses on the use of enzymes as the catalyst. In enzymatic biodiesel synthesis, suitable solvent system is very essential to reduce the inhibition effects of the solvent to the enzymes. This study produced ethanol-based biodiesel from a low-cost sludge palm oil (SPO) using locally-produced Candida cylindracea lipase from fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) based medium. The optimum levels of ethanol-to-SPO molar ratio and enzyme loading were found to be 4:1 and 10 U/25 g of SPO respectively with 54.4% w/w SPO yield of biodiesel and 21.7% conversion of free fatty acid (FFA) into biodiesel. Addition of tert-butanol at 2:1 tert-butanol-to-SPO molar ratio into the ethanol-solvent system increased the yield of biodiesel to 71.6% w/w SPO and conversion of FFA into biodiesel to 28.8%. The SPO and ethanol have promising potential for the production of renewable biodiesel using enzymatic-catalyzed esterification and transesterification.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Differentiation of lard, chicken fat, beef fat and mutton fat by GCMS and EA-IRMS techniques

Ahmad Nizar NN, Nazrim Marikkar JM, Hashim DM

J Oleo Sci, 2013;62(7):459-64.
PMID: 23823911

A study was conducted to differentiate lard, chicken fat, beef fat and mutton fat using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS). The comparison of overall fatty acid data showed that lard and chicken fat share common characteristics by having palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid as major fatty acids while beef and mutton fats shared common characteristics by possessing palmitic, stearic and oleic acid as major fatty acids. The direct comparisons among the fatty acid data, therefore, may not be suitable for discrimination of different animal fats. When the fatty acid distributional data was subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA), it was demonstrated that stearic, oleic and linoleic acids as the most discriminating parameters in the clustering of animal fats into four subclasses. The bulk carbon analysis of animal fats using EA-IRMS showed that determination of the carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) would be a good indicator for discriminating lard, chicken fat, beef fat and mutton fat. This would lead to a faster and more efficient method to ascertain the source of origin of fats used in food products.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Application of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis for rapid estimation of butter adulteration

Fadzlillah NA, Rohman A, Ismail A, Mustafa S, Khatib A

J Oleo Sci, 2013;62(8):555-62.
PMID: 23985484

In dairy product sector, butter is one of the potential sources of fat soluble vitamins, namely vitamin A, D, E, K; consequently, butter is taken into account as high valuable price from other dairy products. This fact has attracted unscrupulous market players to blind butter with other animal fats to gain economic profit. Animal fats like mutton fat (MF) are potential to be mixed with butter due to the similarity in terms of fatty acid composition. This study focused on the application of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics for classification and quantification of MF as adulterant in butter. The FTIR spectral region of 3910-710 cm⁻¹ was used for classification between butter and butter blended with MF at various concentrations with the aid of discriminant analysis (DA). DA is able to classify butter and adulterated butter without any mistakenly grouped. For quantitative analysis, partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop a calibration model at the frequency regions of 3910-710 cm⁻¹. The equation obtained for the relationship between actual value of MF and FTIR predicted values of MF in PLS calibration model was y = 0.998x + 1.033, with the values of coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error of calibration are 0.998 and 0.046% (v/v), respectively. The PLS calibration model was subsequently used for the prediction of independent samples containing butter in the binary mixtures with MF. Using 9 principal components, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is 1.68% (v/v). The results showed that FTIR spectroscopy can be used for the classification and quantification of MF in butter formulation for verification purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Physico-chemical characterisation of the fat from red-skin rambutan (Nephellium lappaceum L.) seed

Manaf YN, Marikkar JM, Long K, Ghazali HM

J Oleo Sci, 2013;62(6):335-43.
PMID: 23728324

The seeds (6.9±0.2% by weight of fruit) of the red-skin rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) contain a considerable amount of crude fat (38.0±4.36%) and thus, the aim of the study was to determine the physico-chemical properties of this fat for potential applications. The iodine and saponification values, and unsaponifiable matter and free fatty acid contents of the seed fat were 50.27 g I2/100g fat, 182.1 mg KOH/g fat, 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively. The fat is pale yellow with a Lovibond color index of 3.1Y+1.1R. The fatty acid profile indicates an almost equal proportion of saturated (49.1%) and unsaturated (50.9%) fatty acids, where oleic (42.0%) and arachidic (34.3%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids. It also contained small amounts of stearic (8.0%), palmitic (4.6%), gadoleic (5.9%), linoleic (2.2%), behenic (2.1%) palmitoleic (0.7%) myristic (0.1%) and erucic (0.1%) acids. HPLC analysis showed that the fat comprised mainly unknown triacylglycerols (TAG) with high retention times indicating they have higher carbon numbers compared with many vegetable oils. The fat has melting and cooling points of 44.2°C and -42.5°C, respectively, making it a semi-solid at room temperature. The solid content at 0°C was 53.5% and the fat melted completely at 40°C. z-Nose analysis showed that the presence of high levels of volatile compounds in red-skin rambutan seed and seed fat.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Biochemical characterisation during seed development of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)

Kok SY, Namasivayam P, Ee GC, Ong-Abdullah M

J Plant Res, 2013 Jul;126(4):539-47.
PMID: 23575803 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0560-8

Developmental biochemical information is a vital base for the elucidation of seed physiology and metabolism. However, no data regarding the biochemical profile of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seed development has been reported thus far. In this study, the biochemical changes in the developing oil palm seed were investigated to study their developmental pattern. The biochemical composition found in the seed differed significantly among the developmental stages. During early seed development, the water, hexose (glucose and fructose), calcium and manganese contents were present in significantly high levels compared to the late developmental stage. Remarkable changes in the biochemical composition were observed at 10 weeks after anthesis (WAA): the dry weight and sucrose content increased significantly, whereas the water content and hexose content declined. The switch from a high to low hexose/sucrose ratio could be used to identify the onset of the maturation phase. At the late stage, dramatic water loss occurred, whereas the content of storage reserves increased progressively. Lauric acid was the most abundant fatty acid found in oil palm seed starting from 10 WAA.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext Quantitative determination of fatty acids in marine fish and shellfish from warm water of Straits of Malacca for nutraceutical purposes

Abd Aziz N, Azlan A, Ismail A, Mohd Alinafiah S, Razman MR

Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:284329.
PMID: 23509703 DOI: 10.1155/2013/284329

This study was conducted to quantitatively determine the fatty acid contents of 20 species of marine fish and four species of shellfish from Straits of Malacca. Most samples contained fairly high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n3). Longtail shad, yellowstripe scad, and moonfish contained significantly higher (P < 0.05) amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively. Meanwhile, fringescale sardinella, malabar red snapper, black pomfret, Japanese threadfin bream, giant seaperch, and sixbar grouper showed considerably high content (537.2-944.1 mg/100 g wet sample) of desirable omega-3 fatty acids. The polyunsaturated-fatty-acids/saturated-fatty-acids (P/S) ratios for most samples were higher than that of Menhaden oil (P/S = 0.58), a recommended PUFA supplement which may help to lower blood pressure. Yellowstripe scad (highest DHA, ω - 3/ω - 6 = 6.4, P/S = 1.7), moonfish (highest ALA, ω - 3/ω - 6 = 1.9, P/S = 1.0), and longtail shad (highest EPA, ω - 3/ω - 6 = 0.8, P/S = 0.4) were the samples with an outstandingly desirable overall composition of fatty acids. Overall, the marine fish and shellfish from the area contained good composition of fatty acids which offer health benefits and may be used for nutraceutical purposes in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*
Isolation and characterization of pullulan-degrading Anoxybacillus species isolated from Malaysian hot springs

Chai YY, Kahar UM, Md Salleh M, Md Illias R, Goh KM

Environ Technol, 2012 Jun;33(10-12):1231-8.
PMID: 22856294

Two thermophilic bacteria (SK3-4 and DT3-1) were isolated from the Sungai Klah (SK) and Dusun Tua (DT) hot springs in Malaysia. The cells from both strains were rod-shaped, stained Gram positive and formed endospores. The optimal growth of both strains was observed at 55 degrees C and pH 7. Strain DT3-1 exhibited a higher tolerance to chloramphenicol (100 microg ml(-1)) but showed a lower tolerance to sodium chloride (2%, w/v) compared to strain SK3-4. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both strains belong to the genus Anoxybacillus. High concentrations of 15:0 iso in the fatty acid profiles support the conclusion that both strains belong to the genus Anoxybacillus and exhibit unique fatty acid compositions and percentages compared to other Anoxybacillus species. The DNA G + C contents were 42.0 mol% and 41.8 mol% for strains SK3-4 and DT3-1, respectively. Strains SK3-4 and DT3-1 were able to degrade pullulan and to produce maltotriose and glucose, respectively, as their main end products. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the DNA G + C content, we propose that strains SK3-4 and DT3-1 are new pullulan-degrading Anoxybacillus strains.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Fulltext Optimization of sunflower oil transesterification process using sodium methoxide

KoohiKamali S, Tan CP, Ling TC

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:475027.
PMID: 22593688 DOI: 10.1100/2012/475027

In this study, the methanolysis process of sunflower oil was investigated to get high methyl esters (biodiesel) content using sodium methoxide. To reach to the best process conditions, central composite design (CCD) through response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. The optimal conditions predicted were the reaction time of 60 min, an excess stoichiometric amount of alcohol to oil ratio of 25%w/w and the catalyst content of 0.5%w/w, which lead to the highest methyl ester content (100%w/w). The methyl ester content of the mixture from gas chromatography analysis (GC) was compared to that of optimum point. Results, confirmed that there was no significant difference between the fatty acid methyl ester content of sunflower oil produced under the optimized condition and the experimental value (P ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, some fuel specifications of the resultant biodiesel were tested according to American standards for testing of materials (ASTM) methods. The outcome showed that the methyl ester mixture produced from the optimized condition met nearly most of the important biodiesel specifications recommended in ASTM D 6751 requirements. Thus, the sunflower oil methyl esters resulted from this study could be a suitable alternative for petrol diesels.

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis
Nutritional properties of spent duck surimi-like material prepared by conventional and acid-alkaline solubilization methods

Nurkhoeriyati T, Huda N, Ahmad R

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2012 Jun;63(4):498-505.
PMID: 22126368 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.637902

The nutritional properties of surimi-like materials produced from spent duck meat processed conventionally (CDS) and processed with acid and alkaline solubilization (ACDS and ALDS, respectively) were studied. The essential amino acids (EAAs) content was significantly higher (p

Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids/analysis*

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