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Fulltext Design of three-component essential oil extract mixture from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus with enhanced antioxidant activity

Assaggaf H, Jeddi M, Mrabti HN, Ez-Zoubi A, Qasem A, Attar A, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 22;14(1):9195.
PMID: 38649707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59708-x

The development of novel antioxidant compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is of utmost importance in the medicine and food industries. Moreover, with increasing concerns about the safety of synthetic components, scientists are beginning to search for natural sources of antioxidants, especially essential oils (EOs). The combination of EOs may produce a higher scavenging profile than a single oil due to better chemical diversity in the mixture. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of three EOs extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus in individual and combined forms using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging approaches. The results of the Chromatography Gas-Mass spectrometry (CG-MS) characterization showed that citral (29.62%) and niral (27.32%) are the main components for C. flexuosus, while D-carvone (62.09%) and D-limonene (29.58%) are the most dominant substances in C. carvi. By contrast, β-asarone (69.11%) was identified as the principal component of A. calamus (30.2%). The individual EO exhibits variable scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. These effects were enhanced through the mixture of the three EOs. The optimal antioxidant formulation consisted of 20% C. flexuosus, 53% C. carvi, and 27% A. calamus for DPPHIC50. Whereas 17% C. flexuosus, 43% C. carvi, and 40% A. calamus is the best combination leading to the highest scavenging activity against ABTS radical. These findings suggest a new research avenue for EOs combinations to be developed as novel natural formulations useful in food and biopharmaceutical products.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Characterization of agarwood incense using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)

Nurlaila Ismail, Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman, Mohd Nasir Taib, Mastura Ibrahim, Seema Zareen, Saiful Nizam Tajuddin

Scientific Research Journal, 2015;12(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

This paper presents the application of Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) in characterizing the agarwood incense. The work involved three types of SPME fibres at 30 minute sampling time. The fibres are 50/30 μm divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethysiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS), 65 μm polydi methylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) and 85 μm carboxen-polydimethyl siloxane (CAR-PDMS). The results showed that among the many compounds extracted by GC-MS coupled with SPME, six compounds were substantially found in high quality agarwood incense due to their high percentage area (%). They are β-maaliene, α-elemol, β-selinene, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, agarospirol and caryophellene oxide. The finding offers a new approach for establishing the volatile profile of agarwood incense components as well as for agarwood grading and discrimination.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple

Syaidatul Faraha Zainuddin, Siti Raihan Zakaria, Norashikin Saim, Rossuriati Dol Hamid, Rozita Osman

Science Letters, 2020;14(2):58-70.
MyJurnal

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var. comosus cv. MD2). Optimisation of HS-SPME operating parameters was conducted using three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken response surface experimental design to evaluate the interactive effects of temperature (30 – 50 ºC), extraction time (10 – 30 min) and salting effect (1 – 3 g of salt addition) on the amount of selected VOCs. Determination of VOCs was done using gas chromatography with spectrometry detector (GC-MSD). Extraction temperature was found to be significant (p < 0.05) in increasing the amount of selected VOCs (ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyrate and butanoic acid methyl ester). Based on the maximum amount of these VOCs, the optimum operating extraction conditions for HS-SPME were set up at temperature of 30 °C, time of 29 min and salt addition of 1 g. The optimized HS-SPME conditions were employed for the extraction of VOCs from pineapple of different varieties.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Dual bioactivities of laurus nobilis essential oil

Nur Afiqah Saparin, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Muhd Fauzi Safian, Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Nor Azah Mohamad Ali, Zaidah Zainal Ariffin

Science Letters, 2020;14(1):62-67.
MyJurnal

The evolution of cosmetic products results in the growing demands for cosmetics that are preservatives free. Plant essential oils were found to be a promising antimicrobial and also antioxidant agent. In this study, Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Laurus nobilis (bay leaf) and Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle) essential oils were selected and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties. It was found that Laurus nobilis exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the selected bacteria Streptococcus saprophyticus (ATCC 49619), Streptococcus aureus (ATCC 22923), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 29436), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 13048), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC 22922) with MIC ranging between 7.8 ug/mL to 250 μg/mL. The antioxidant activity of selected essential oils was determined by antioxidant assays which were 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), determination of ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and β-Carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. Backhousia citriodora and Laurus nobilis showed the highest antioxidant activity.
n-Octanal and β-Selinene were identified to be the major components with peak area of 26.37 % and 13.92 % respectively in secondary metabolites analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS).

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antitumor activities of essential oil of Agastache rugosa from Xinjiang, China

Haiyan G, Lijuan H, Shaoyu L, Chen Z, Ashraf MA

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Jul;23(4):524-30.
PMID: 27298587 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.020

In the study, we evaluated chemical composition and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antitumor activities of essential oils from dried leaf essential oil of leaf and flower of Agastache rugosa for the first time. Essential oil of leaf and flower was evaluated with GC and GC-MS methods, and the essential oil of flower revealed the presence of 21 components, whose major compounds were pulegone (34.1%), estragole (29.5%), and p-Menthan-3-one (19.2%). 26 components from essential oil of leaf were identified, the major compounds were p-Menthan-3-one (48.8%) and estragole (20.8%). At the same time, essential oil of leaf, there is a very effective antimicrobial activity with MIC ranging from 9.4 to 42 μg ml(-1) and potential antibiofilm, antitumor activities for essential oils of flower and leaf essential oil of leaf. The study highlighted the diversity in two different parts of A. rugosa grown in Xinjiang region and other places, which have different active constituents. Our results showed that this native plant may be a good candidate for further biological and pharmacological investigations.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Synthesis, spectroscopic and chromatographic studies of sunflower oil biodiesel using optimized base catalyzed methanolysis

Naureen R, Tariq M, Yusoff I, Chowdhury AJ, Ashraf MA

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2015 May;22(3):332-9.
PMID: 25972756 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.017

Methyl esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitute for petrodiesel to reduce dependence on imported petroleum and provide an alternate and sustainable source for fuel with more benign environmental properties. In the present study biodiesel was prepared from sunflower seed oil by transesterification by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. The fuel properties of sunflower oil biodiesel were determined and discussed in the light of ASTM D6751 standards for biodiesel. The sunflower oil biodiesel was chemically characterized with analytical techniques like FT-IR, and NMR ((1)H and (13)C). The chemical composition of sunflower oil biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified by retention time data and verified by mass fragmentation patterns. The percentage conversion of triglycerides to the corresponding methyl esters determined by (1)H NMR was 87.33% which was quite in good agreement with the practically observed yield of 85.1%.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Commelina nudiflora L. extracts prepared by different polar solvents

Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Parine NR, Govindan N

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2015 May;22(3):293-301.
PMID: 25972750 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.09.016

The study explored on the commonly available weed plant Commelina nudiflora which has potential in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The different polar solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, hexane and aqueous were used for the soxhlet extraction. The extracts were identified pharmacologically as important bioactive compounds and their potential free radical scavenging activities, and antimicrobial properties were studied. C. nudiflora extracts were monitored on their in-vitro antioxidant ability by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Aqueous extract shows significant free radical scavenging activity of 63.4 mg/GAE and 49.10 mg/g in DPPH and ABTS respectively. Furthermore, the aqueous crude extract was used in antibacterial studies, which shows the highest inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Among all the extracts, aqueous extract of C. nudiflora has significant control over free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of the growth of food pathogenic bacteria. Also, the aqueous extract contains abundance of phenolics and flavonoids higher than other extracts. This study explored weed plant C. nudiflora as a potential source of antioxidant and antibacterial efficacy and identified various therapeutic value bioactive compounds from GC-MS analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Composition and sources of sterols in Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia

Masni Mohd Ali, Norfariza Humrawali, Mohd Talib Latif, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.

This study explores the role of sterols as lipid biomarkers to indicate their input which originates from various sources in the marine environment. Sterols and their ratios were investigated in sediments taken from sixteen sampling stations at Pulau Tinggi, Johor in order to assess the sources of organic matter. The compounds extracted from the sediments were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distributions of sterols indicated that organic matter at all sampling stations originated from a mixture of marine source and terrestrial origins at different proportions. A total of eleven sterols were quantified, with the major compounds being phytosterols (44% of total sterols), cholesterol (11%), brassicasterol (11%) and fecal sterols (12%).

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Characterization of hydrocarbons in smoke aerosols from burning of three tropical wood species

Tan hs, Mohd Radzi Abas, Norhayati Mohd Tahir

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:365-371.

A study has been carried out to characterize hydrocarbons emitted from the burning of three tropical wood species. The woods were burned to ember and smoke aerosols emitted were sampled using high volume sampler fitted with a pre-cleaned glass fibre filters. Hydrocarbons were extracted using ultrasonic agitation with dichloromethane-methanol (3:1 v/v) as solvent and the extracts obtained were then fractionated on silica-alumina column. Detection and quantification of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were carried out using GC-MS. The results indicated that the major aliphatic hydrocarbons characterized were straight chain n-alkanes in the range of C12-C35 with Cmax in the range of C27-C33. Rhizophora apiculata and Hevea brasiliensis wood smoke exhibited a weak odd to even carbon number predominance with carbon preference index (CPI) values greater than one whereas Melaleuca cajuputi wood smoke aerosols did not exhibit similar pattern with CPI obtained close to one. The results obtained also indicated that burning of these wood resulted in formation of PAHs compounds in their smoke aerosols with predominance of three to four rings PAHs over the two, five and lesser of six rings PAHs. PAH diagnostic ratios calculated except for Flan/(Flan+Py) and Indeno/(Indeno+BgP) were consistent with the ratios suggested for wood combustion source as reported in literatures. In the case of the latter, two diagnostic ratios, the values were generally lower than the range normally reported for wood combustion.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Variasi dan sumber sterol di Kuala Selangor, Selangor

Masni Mohd Ali, Norfariza Humrawali, Mohd Talib Latif

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Kajian ini adalah mengenai peranan sterol sebagai penunjuk bio-lipid untuk mengenal pasti variasi dan sumber bahan organik yang hadir bersama sedimen permukaan dari Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Kajian melibatkan kaedah pengekstrakan sterol daripada sampel sedimen dan seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS untuk menentukan kehadiran sebatian tersebut. Sepuluh sebatian sterol dikenal pasti hadir dengan fitosterol merupakan sebatian dominan di kawasan kajian iaitu 79% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol. Ini diikuti oleh kolesterol serta sterol kumbahan masing-masing menyumbangkan 6% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol manakala selebihnya berada dalam julat 1-5%. Indeks Sumber Sterol (SSI) juga menunjukkan kandungan fitosterol yang tinggi walaupun hadir pada kadar yang berbeza di setiap stesen pensampelan. Penilaian pencemaran kumbahan menggunakan nisbah koprostanol/kolesterol, koprostanol/(koprostanol+kholestanol) serta epikoprostanol/koprostanol menunjukkan kawasan kajian tidak mengalami pencemaran kumbahan walaupun sterol daripada sumber kumbahan hadir di persekitarannya. Kesimpulannya sedimen permukaan di Kuala Selangor, Selangor mengandungi campuran sterol daripada pelbagai sumber yang hadir di persekitarannya dengan didominasi oleh fitosterol yang berasal daripada tumbuhan terestrial.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Chemical constituents from the fruit peel of Goniothalamus scortechinii

Aryanti Abdullah, Zuriati Zakaria, Fasihuddin Ahmad, Mat-Salleh K, Laily B. Din

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

The phytochemical investigation on the fruit peel of Goniothalamus scortechinii (Selayar Raja Ubat) obtained from Gunung Stong, Kelantan has resulted in the isolation of five compounds namely pinocembrine, altholactone, goniofufurone, goniotriol and goniopypyrone. Their structures were determined by extensive ultra violet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GCMS) analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Physico-chemical properties of the oils and fat from Crotalaria Cleomifolia seeds

Noor Wini Mazlan, Ikram M. Said

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40(9):1037-1041.

The seeds of C. cleomifolia (locally known as kacang hantu) collected along Simpang Pulai - Berinchang Road, Cameron Highlands, was defatted with hexane and the resulting oil was analysed for their physico-chemical properties. The percentage yield of the oil was calculated as 5.3%. The acid value (1.2%), iodine value (85), peroxide value (0.6), saponification value (192.0) and unsaponifiable matter (2.3%) were determined to assess the quality of the oil. The physico-chemical characterisation showed that C. cleomifolia seeds oil is unsaturated semi-drying oil, with high saponifi cation and acidic values. The fatty acid composition of C. cleomifolia seed oil was determined by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (ToF). The seed oil of C. cleomifolia contained linoleic acid (57.59%) and palmitic acid (5.07%), the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The polyunsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) in C. cleomifolia seed oil determined by reverse phase High performance Liquid Chromatography; contained as PLL (18.04%) followed by POL + SLL (11.92%), OOL (7.04%) and PLLn (6.31%). The melting and cooling point of the oil were 16.22°C and -33.54°C, respectively

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Pencirian bakteria asid laktik dan sebatian aroma ikan pekasam

Tan WC, Lim SJ, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:439-448.

Dalam kajian ini, bakteria asid laktik (LAB) serta sebatian aroma ikan pekasam daripada spesies yang berbeza
ditentukan. Persampelan ikan pekasam iaitu tilapia, loma, lampam, sepat dan gelama diperoleh daripada pembekal
Perusahaan Ikan Pekasam Kiah di Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Penentuan spesies LAB dijalankan melalui kaedah pencairan
bersiri, pengkulturan LAB, ujian katalase, ujian pewarnaan spora serta ujian pengesanan Gram bakteria dan morfologi.
Pengesahan spesies LAB dijalankan melalui pengekstrakan asid deoksiribonukleik (DNA), amplifikasi dengan tindak
balas rantaian polimerasi (PCR), analisis elektroforesis gel dan penjujukan DNA. Hasil jujukan DNA yang diperoleh
dibandingkan dengan jujukan dalam pangkalan data GenBank di NCBI menggunakan BLAST. Didapati Lactobacillus
brevis KB290 DNA dan Lactobacillus casei W56 wujud dalam pekasam tilapia, Lactobacillus plantarum 16 dalam
pekasam lampam, Lactobacillus casei BD-II kromosom dan Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 dalam pekasam sepat,
Corynebacterium vitaeruminis DSM 20294 dan Streptococcus anginosus C1051 dalam pekasam gelama. Manakala
Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 kromosom adalah LAB dominan dalam pekasam loma. Sementara
itu, sebatian aroma ditentukan melalui kaedah pengekstrakan cecair menggunakan pelarut metanol dan heksana.
Pemprofilan sebatian aroma dijalankan dengan kromatografi gas-spektometer jisim (GC-MS). Sebatian aroma dalam
ekstrak metanol dan heksana daripada lima jenis ikan pekasam dibandingkan. Bilangan sebatian aroma yang diekstrak
menggunakan metanol adalah lebih banyak berbanding dengan yang menggunakan heksana. Sebatian aroma yang
paling banyak dikesan adalah daripada pekasam loma. Asid karboksilik merupakan sebatian yang paling dominan
dalam ikan pekasam dan memberi bau hamis serta tengik.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Captan utilization by a soil bacterium planomicrobium flavidum strain EF

Eman Mohamed, Fatma Ahmad Mostafa

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:85-89.

The fungicide captan, which is commonly used to control fungal diseases in many plants, causes soil infertility and cancer to human beings. Hence, this fungicide was tested for utilization as a sole carbon source by a newly soil isolate, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF. This bacterium resists captan up to 2000 ppm and showed higher growth patterns in minimum salt medium supplemented with captan only, if compared with minimum salt medium without captan. Moreover, almost 77.5% of captan has been utilized by Planomicrobiu flavidum after only 2 h of growth under shaking conditions and only 0.8% of the fungicide was remained after 24 h of bacterial growth. Captan residues in both soil samples and minimal salt medium were accurately estimated using GC-ECD (gas chromatography - electron detector) and GC-MS/MS (gas chromatography - mass spectrum) technologies. According to current results, Planomicrobium flavidum strain EF is highly recommended for captan and may be other fungicides bioremediation.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments of Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Terence Ricky Chiu, Md Firoz Khan, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Haris Hafizal Abdul Hamid, Mohd Talib Latif, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:871-882.

The individual compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were studied in the surface sediments
at 32 locations in the tourism area of Langkawi Island. A total of 15 PAHs were determined and quantified by gas
chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total PAH concentrations of surface sediments from
Langkawi Island ranged from 228.13 to 990.25 ng/g and they were classified as being in the low to moderate pollution
range. All sampling stations were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs with 4 rings (31.59%) and 5-6 rings (42.73%).
The diagnostic ratio results showed that in most cases, the sampling stations have pyrogenic input. Further analysis
using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with absolute principal component score (APCS) and multiple linear
regression (MLR) showed that the natural gas emissions contributed to 57% of the total PAH concentration, 22% from the
incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of fuel, 15% from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources and 6% from an undefined source.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Evaluating the Potential of Oleaginous Yeasts as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

Mukhtar H, Suliman SM, Shabbir A, Mumtaz MW, Rashid U, Rahimuddin SA

Protein Pept Lett, 2018;25(2):195-201.
PMID: 29359654 DOI: 10.2174/0929866525666180122112805

BACKGROUND: Lipid-producing microorganisms, said to be oleaginous have been recognized since several years. We had investigated the effects of medium components and culturing situations on cell growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeasts which were analytically examined so as to enhance lipid yield for biodiesel production.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to explore oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica isolated from soil and optimization of culture conditions and medium components to obtained better quality microbial oil for biodiesel production.
METHODS: Fifty yeast strains were isolated from soil from different regions of Lahore and eleven of them were selected for oil production. The isolated yeast colonies were screened to further check their lipid producing capabilities by the qualitative analysis. Five yeast strains were designated as oleaginous because they produced more than 16% of oil based on their biomass. To estimate the total lipid content of yeast cells, the extraction of lipids was done by performing the procedure proposed by Bligh and Dyer. The transesterification of yeast oils was performed by using different methods. There were three different strategies customized to transesterifying microbial oil using base catalyzed transesterification, acid catalyzed transesterification and enzyme-based transesterification. After completion of transesterification, sample was used for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed by gas-chromatograph with ionization detector type MS.
RESULTS: The isolate IIB-10 identified as Yarrowia lipolytica produced maximum amount of lipids i.e. 22.8%. More amount of biomass was obtained when cane molasses was utilized as carbon source where it produced 29.4 g/L of biomass while sucrose and lactose were not utilized by IIB-10 and no biomass was obtained. Similarly, meat extracts showed best results when it was used as nitrogen source because it resulted in 35.8 g/L biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica IIB-10. The culturing conditions like size of inoculum, effect of pH and time of incubation were also studied. The 10% of inoculum size produced 25.4 g/L biomass at 120 h incubation time, while the pH 7 was the optimum pH at which 24.8 g/L biomass was produced by Yarrowia lipolytica IIB-10. GC-MS analysis showed that biodiesel produced by transesterification contained similar fatty acids as found in vegetable oil for this reason it is widely accepted feedstock for biodiesel production.
CONCLUSION: The analysis of fatty acids methyl esters showed the similar composition of microbial oil as in vegetable oils and high amount of methyl esters were obtained after transesterification. Therefore, potentially oleaginous yeast could be used to generate a large amount of lipids for biodiesel production that will be the better substitute of petroleum-based diesel and will also control the environmental pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Functional Properties of Antimicrobial Neem Leaves Extract Based Macroalgae Biofilms for Potential Use as Active Dry Packaging Applications

Oyekanmi AA, Kumar USU, H P S AK, Olaiya NG, Amirul AA, Rahman AA, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 May 20;13(10).
PMID: 34065404 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101664

Antimicrobial irradiated seaweed-neem biocomposite films were synthesized in this study. The storage functional properties of the films were investigated. Characterization of the prepared films was conducted using SEM, FT-IR, contact angle, and antimicrobial test. The macroscopic and microscopic including the analysis of the functional group and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test revealed the main active constituents present in the neem extract, which was used an essential component of the fabricated films. Neem leaves' extracts with 5% w/w concentration were incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer and the seaweed-neem bio-composite film were irradiated with different dosages of gamma radiation (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kGy). The tensile, thermal, and the antimicrobial properties of the films were studied. The results revealed that the irradiated films exhibited improved functional properties compared to the control film at 1.5 kGy radiation dosage. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness exhibited by the films increased, while the elongation of the irradiated bio-composite film decreased compared to the control film. The morphology of the irradiated films demonstrated a smoother surface compared to the control and provided surface intermolecular interaction of the neem-seaweed matrix. The film indicated an optimum storage stability under ambient conditions and demonstrated no significant changes in the visual appearance. However, an increase in the moisture content was exhibited by the film, and the hydrophobic properties was retained until nine months of the storage period. The study of the films antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Bacillus subtilis (BS) indicated improved resistance to bacterial activities after the incorporation of neem leaves extract and gamma irradiation. The fabricated irradiated seaweed-neem bio-composite film could be used as an excellent sustainable packaging material due to its effective storage stability.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext The potential of mycelium and culture broth of Lignosus rhinocerotis as substitutes for the naturally occurring sclerotium with regard to antioxidant capacity, cytotoxic effect, and low-molecular-weight chemical constituents

Lau BF, Abdullah N, Aminudin N, Lee HB, Yap KC, Sabaratnam V

PLoS One, 2014;9(7):e102509.
PMID: 25054862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102509

Previous studies on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of Lignosus rhinocerotis focused mainly on the sclerotium; however, the supply of wild sclerotium is limited. In this investigation, the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effect of L. rhinocerotis cultured under different conditions of liquid fermentation (shaken and static) were compared to the sclerotium produced by solid-substrate fermentation. Aqueous methanol extracts of the mycelium (LR-MH, LR-MT) and culture broth (LR-BH, LR-BT) demonstrated either higher or comparable antioxidant capacities to the sclerotium extract (LR-SC) based on their radical scavenging abilities, reducing properties, metal chelating activities, and inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation. All extracts exerted low cytotoxicity (IC50>200 µg/ml, 72 h) against selected mammalian cell lines. Several low-molecular-weight compounds, including sugars, fatty acids, methyl esters, sterols, amides, amino acids, phenolics, and triterpenoids, were identified using GC-MS and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The presence of proteins (<40 kDa) in the extracts was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and SELDI-TOF-MS. Principal component analysis revealed that the chemical profiles of the mycelial extracts under shaken and static conditions were distinct from those of the sclerotium. Results from bioactivity evaluation and chemical profiling showed that L. rhinocerotis from liquid fermentation merits consideration as an alternative source of functional ingredients and potential substitute for the sclerotium.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Tualang honey improves human corneal epithelial progenitor cell migration and cellular resistance to oxidative stress in vitro

Tan JJ, Azmi SM, Yong YK, Cheah HL, Lim V, Sandai D, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e96800.
PMID: 24802273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096800

Stem cells with enhanced resistance to oxidative stress after in vitro expansion have been shown to have improved engraftment and regenerative capacities. Such cells can be generated by preconditioning them with exposure to an antioxidant. In this study we evaluated the effects of Tualang honey (TH), an antioxidant-containing honey, on human corneal epithelial progenitor (HCEP) cells in culture. Cytotoxicity, gene expression, migration, and cellular resistance to oxidative stress were evaluated. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that HCEP cells were holoclonal and expressed epithelial stem cell marker p63 without corneal cytokeratin 3. Cell viability remained unchanged after cells were cultured with 0.004, 0.04, and 0.4% TH in the medium, but it was significantly reduced when the concentration was increased to 3.33%. Cell migration, tested using scratch migration assay, was significantly enhanced when cells were cultured with TH at 0.04% and 0.4%. We also found that TH has hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging ability, although a trace level of H2O2 was detected in the honey in its native form. Preconditioning HCEP cells with 0.4% TH for 48 h showed better survival following H2O2-induced oxidative stress at 50 µM than untreated group, with a significantly lower number of dead cells (15.3 ± 0.4%) were observed compared to the untreated population (20.5 ± 0.9%, p<0.01). Both TH and ascorbic acid improved HCEP viability following induction of 100 µM H2O2, but the benefit was greater with TH treatment than with ascorbic acid. However, no significant advantage was demonstrated using 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, a compound that was found abundant in TH using GC/MS analysis. This suggests that the cellular anti-oxidative capacity in HCEP cells was augmented by native TH and was attributed to its antioxidant properties. In conclusion, TH possesses antioxidant properties and can improve cell migration and cellular resistance to oxidative stress in HCEP cells in vitro.

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Fulltext Biosynthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates copolymers produced by Pseudomonas putida Bet001 isolated from palm oil mill effluent

Gumel AM, Annuar MS, Heidelberg T

PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e45214.
PMID: 23028854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045214

The biosynthesis and characterization of medium chain length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) produced by Pseudomonas putida Bet001 isolated from palm oil mill effluent was studied. The biosynthesis of mcl-PHA in this newly isolated microorganism follows a growth-associated trend. Mcl-PHA accumulation ranging from 49.7 to 68.9% on cell dry weight (CDW) basis were observed when fatty acids ranging from octanoic acid (C(8:0)) to oleic acid (C(18:1)) were used as sole carbon and energy source. Molecular weight of the polymer was found to be ranging from 55.7 to 77.7 kDa. Depending on the type of fatty acid used, the (1)H NMR and GCMSMS analyses of the chiral polymer showed a composition of even and odd carbon atom chain with monomer length of C4 to C14 with C8 and C10 as the principal monomers. No unsaturated monomer was detected. Thermo-chemical analyses showed the accumulated PHA to be semi-crystalline polymer with good thermal stability, having a thermal degradation temperature (T(d)) of 264.6 to 318.8 (± 0.2) (o)C, melting temperature (T(m)) of 43. (± 0.2) (o)C, glass transition temperature (T(g)) of -1.0 (± 0.2) (o)C and apparent melting enthalpy of fusion (ΔH(f)) of 100.9 (± 0.1) J g(-1).

Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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