Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 148 in total

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  1. Fulltext Genome-wide association analyses identify three new susceptibility loci for primary angle closure glaucoma
    Vithana EN, Khor CC, Qiao C, Nongpiur ME, George R, Chen LJ, et al.
    Nat Genet, 2012 Oct;44(10):1142-1146.
    PMID: 22922875 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2390
    Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study including 1,854 PACG cases and 9,608 controls across 5 sample collections in Asia. Replication experiments were conducted in 1,917 PACG cases and 8,943 controls collected from a further 6 sample collections. We report significant associations at three new loci: rs11024102 in PLEKHA7 (per-allele odds ratio (OR)=1.22; P=5.33×10(-12)), rs3753841 in COL11A1 (per-allele OR=1.20; P=9.22×10(-10)) and rs1015213 located between PCMTD1 and ST18 on chromosome 8q (per-allele OR=1.50; P=3.29×10(-9)). Our findings, accumulated across these independent worldwide collections, suggest possible mechanisms explaining the pathogenesis of PACG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/genetics*
  2. Fulltext Aqueous humor TGF-β2 levels in patients with open-angle glaucoma: A meta-analysis
    Agarwal P, Daher AM, Agarwal R
    Mol Vis, 2015;21:612-20.
    PMID: 26019480
    Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous eyes is often due to increased resistance to aqueous outflow. Previous studies have shown that increased extracellular material deposition in outflow pathways leads to increased resistance to aqueous outflow, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β seems to play a role in the deposition of extracellular material. TGF-β2 is the predominant isoform in ocular tissue. Hence, comparison of the aqueous humor TGF-β2 level between patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and controls would provide direct evidence for the role of TGF-β2 in the etiology of OAG. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to develop an accurate estimate of the changes in aqueous humor TGF-β2 levels among OAG patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/etiology; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/metabolism*
  3. Fulltext Identification of MYOC gene mutation and polymorphism in a large Malay family with juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma
    Mimivati Z, Nurliza K, Marini M, Liza-Sharmini A
    Mol Vis, 2014;20:714-23.
    PMID: 24883016
    PURPOSE:
    To screen for mutations in the coding region of the myocilin (MYOC) gene in a large Malay family with juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG).

    METHODS:
    A total of 122 family members were thoroughly examined and screened for JOAG. Venipuncture was conducted. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The presence of a mutation and a polymorphism was ascertained with PCR amplification followed by the direct sequencing technique.

    RESULTS:
    Thirty-two of the 122 screened family members were identified to have JOAG (11 new cases and 21 known cases). An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance was observed. A C→A substitution at position 1440 in exon 3 that changes asparagine (AAC) to lysine (AAA) was identified in affected family members except two probands (III:5 and IV:6). Six probands were identified as having the Asn480Lys mutation but have not developed the disease yet. An intronic polymorphism IVS2 730 +35 G>A was also identified. There was a significant association between Asn480Lys (p<0.001) and IVS2 730+35G>A (p<0.001) in the affected and unaffected probands in this family.

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The Asn480Lys mutation and the IVS2 730+35 G>A polymorphism increased susceptibility to JOAG in this large Malay pedigree. Identifying the MYOC mutations and polymorphisms is important for providing presymptomatic molecular diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/genetics*; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology*; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology
  4. Fulltext Role of translaminar pressure gradient differences in glaucoma - a review
    Jemaima, C.H., Muhammad Syamil, M.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):3-11.
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma is a group of diseases which result in a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, producing characteristic optic nerve head appearance with corresponding visual loss. The aetiology remains unclear until today. Previous authors had tried to associate its pathology in relation to intracranial pressure level. We review the literature on interrelation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) which gives rise to the study of translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) in postulating its causal factor towards glaucoma. Several studies had demonstrated that ICP was reduced in patients with glaucoma, and in sequence with normal or raised IOP, leads to increased level of TLPG. The increased TLPG which acts across the lamina cribrosa may cause a posteriorly bowed lamina cribrosa, therefore leading to glaucomatous changes. This review also explores the current available methods in
    measuring ICP accurately. Further studies are needed to elucidate possible disease mechanism in keeping with IOP-ICP relationship, thus confirming the findings of
    previous authors.
    Keywords: Glaucoma, intracranial, intraocular, pressure, pathophysiology, translaminar
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  5. Fulltext Exudative retinal detachment and macular hole as a rare sequelae of central vein occlusion
    Rathna, R., Mushawiahti, M., Bastion, M.L.C., Masdar, A., Ropilah, A.R.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):243-250.
    MyJurnal
    Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is uncommon among young patients. Among the young adults, CRVO tends to be more benign with good visual prognosis. Macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion is a relatively common complication that is currently being treated with intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor with good outcomes. Other complications include lamellar hole, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma. We report a case of central retinal vein occlusion in a young female who presented to us with the complaint of blurring of vision in the left eye for four months. Fundus examination showed hyperemic optic disc, dilated tortuous vein, extensive retinal hemorrhages with macular oedema and an inferior shallow exudative retinal detachment. One month later, intravitreal ranibizumab injection for her macular oedema, a full thickness macular hole developed with reduction of macular oedema. Four months later, the hole spontaneously closed but her macular oedema persisted. The possibility of rare complications like exudative retinal detachment and full thickness macular hole must be kept in mind to ensure early detection and effective management is provided to preserve vision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Neovascular
  6. Fulltext High intraocular pressure: a comparative study between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Non-OSA subjects
    Marina, M.B., Mohd Tahir, J., Mawaddah, A., Asma, A., Mohd Razif, M.Y., Jemaima, C.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(2):36-47.
    MyJurnal
    Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) affects 2-5% of the middle-aged population and is a potentially life-threatening condition. Previous studies on OSA and glaucoma have reported mixed findings. This was a cross-sectional comparative study with a study duration of one year to compare the incidence of high intraocular pressure among OSA subjects and non-OSA subjects. This study took place in a tertiary hospital where a total of 50 subjects with OSA and 50 non-OSA subjects were recruited. The average age was 37 years (19,65) in a multiethnic study population (76% (Malay), 18% (Chinese) and 6% (Indian)). All patients underwent a full night computer-assisted polysomnogram (SOMNOCheck Effort Weinmann, Hamburg, Germany), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Mullers manouevre (MM) to assess the level of obstruction and tonometry. The incidence of high Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) among OSA subject was 52% with a significant difference between non-OSA and OSA subjects. Correlation between ESS and IOP were significant (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  7. Fulltext Relationship between central corneal thickness and severity of open angle glaucoma using optical coherence tomography
    Mushawiahti, M., Syed Zulkifli, S.Z., Aida Zairani, M.Z., Faridah, H.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(2):107-113.
    MyJurnal
    Central corneal thickness plays a major role in the management of many types of glaucoma. Therefore, our aim is to determine the relationship between the severity of glaucoma measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and central corneal thickness (CCT) among normal tension and high tension glaucoma patients. This is an observational cross sectional study on 190 patients carried out in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Three groups of patients were identified; 60 normal tension glaucoma (NTG), 61 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 69 control. Patients were identified based on the glaucomatous visual field changes and previous record of intraocular pressure before treatment. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements were recorded. Specular microscope was used to measure the CCT and the severity of glaucoma was evaluated objectively based on the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography. Results showed NTG patients had significantly thinner cornea, 503.07±32.27µm compared to the control group, 517.45±31.74 µm (p=0.012).
    However, there was no significant difference between the CCT of POAG and NTG groups (p=0.386).Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly different between the glaucoma and the control groups (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Low Tension Glaucoma
  8. Fulltext Recent advance s in pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
    Agarwal R
    Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(1):75-93.
    MyJurnal
    Glaucoma, recognized as optic neuropathy is the second largest cause of blindness worldwide. The disease is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects. The pathophysiological factors involved in the onset and progression of glaucoma are not fully understood. However, it is now well accepted that elevated intraocular pressure is not the only causative factor. The pathophysiology of glaucoma involves multiple factors that interact in a highly complex manner to favor development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. As the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved is expanding, more and more therapeutic targets are being recognized for the development of safe and effective pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. Although at present the intraocular pressure lowering drugs are still the first line of treatment, the prospect of introducing neuroprotective therapies that can directly protect and perhaps stimulate regeneration of dying and dead retinal ganglion cells, shows considerable promise. This review presents recent developments in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  9. Fulltext Lens-induced glaucoma in a tertiary centre in northeast of Malaysia
    Azhany Y, Norhayati A, Siti Raihan I, Liza Sharmini AT
    Malays Fam Physician, 2014;9(2):48-52.
    PMID: 25883765 MyJurnal
    To determine the clinical presentations, management and outcome of lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  10. Fulltext Prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment in urban population - a study from University of Malaya Medical Centre
    Reddy S, Tajunisah I, Low K, Karmila A
    Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(1):25-8.
    PMID: 25606108 MyJurnal
    One thousand one hundred and sixty-nine (1169) patients were examined in the Eye Clinic of University of Malaya Medical Centre over a period of three weeks to determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment. Age, gender, race, visual acuity and diagnosis of patients were noted from the case records. Cataract (385, 32.9%) was the most common eye disease seen in our study followed by glaucoma (274, 23.4%). Refractive errors were seen in 126 (10.8%) while diabetic retinopathy was noted in 113 (9.7%) patients. One hundred and fifteen (9.6%) patients had visual impairment and 11 (0.9%) had blindness in our study according to WHO classification of visual impairment. Refractive errors are the most common causes of visual impairment in children, while cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy account for visual impairment in elderly people. All these eye diseases are treatable and the severe eye conditions may be potentially preventable with early diagnosis.
    Study site: Eye Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  11. Fulltext Case series of children with steroid-Induced glaucoma
    Lam CS, Umi Kalthum MN, Norshamsiah MD, Bastion M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):32-37.
    PMID: 30800232
    Steroid-induced glaucoma is the most serious complication of the injudicious use of steroids, particularly among children affected by allergic conjunctivitis. This condition is steroid-dependent, and children are commonly being prescribed topical anti-inflammatories, including topical steroids, by general practitioners. Furthermore, topical steroids are also available over the counter, and this availability contributes to overuse without proper monitoring by an ophthalmologist. We present a series of five cases illustrating the devastating effect of unmonitored, long-term use of steroids among children for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The medications were prescribed initially by general ophthalmologists and were continually bought over the counter by parents. At the presentation to our center, these patients were already compromised visually, exhibiting glaucomatous optic disc changes and high intraocular pressure. The series highlights the optic nerve damage resulting in irreversible visual compromises among children on long-term, topical steroids and the importance of regular monitoring with a low threshold for ophthalmologist referral.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  12. Fulltext Sequelae of neglected senile cataract
    Azhany Y, Hemalatha C, Nani D, Rosediani M, Liza-Sharmini A
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(1):33-7.
    PMID: 25606266 MyJurnal
    Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world. An attack of phacolytic and phacomorphic glaucoma as a result of neglected cataract constitutes a medical emergency that must be addressed immediately. Ocular emergencies such as these is challenging for the surgeon with guarded or poor prognosis. We describe the presentation, management and prognosis of three cases of phacomorphic and phacolytic glaucoma. All three patients underwent aggressive management of intraocular pressure. Despite successful cataract operation with implantation of intraocular lens, there was only mild improvement of the vision. Optic nerve and pupil functions were permanently affected following the insult. Phacomorphic and phacolytic glaucoma present a very challenging problem to the surgeon with poor visual outcome. Public health education and awareness are important and health workers should encourage patients with cataract to seek early treatment for better prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  13. Fulltext Case series of children with steroid-Induced glaucoma
    Lam, C.S., Umi Kalthum, M.N., Norshamsiah, M.D., Bastion, M.L.C.
    Malaysian Family Physician, 2018;13(3):32-37.
    MyJurnal
    Steroid-induced glaucoma is the most serious complication of the injudicious use of steroids,
    particularly among children affected by allergic conjunctivitis. This condition is steroid-dependent,
    and children are commonly being prescribed topical anti-inflammatories, including topical steroids,
    by general practitioners. Furthermore, topical steroids are also available over the counter, and this
    availability contributes to overuse without proper monitoring by an ophthalmologist. We present
    a series of five cases illustrating the devastating effect of unmonitored, long-term use of steroids
    among children for vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The medications were prescribed initially by general
    ophthalmologists and were continually bought over the counter by parents. At the presentation to
    our center, these patients were already compromised visually, exhibiting glaucomatous optic disc
    changes and high intraocular pressure. The series highlights the optic nerve damage resulting in
    irreversible visual compromises among children on long-term, topical steroids and the importance
    of regular monitoring with a low threshold for ophthalmologist referral.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  14. Glaucoma: Classification and etiology
    Schroeder H
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:147-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  15. The spectrum of ocular involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without ocular symptoms
    Soo MPK, Chow SK, Tan CT, Nadior N, Yeap SS, Hoh HB
    Lupus, 2000;9(7):511-4.
    PMID: 11035416 DOI: 10.1177/096120330000900706
    The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of clinical ocular involvement in patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have no ocular symptoms. Patients with a diagnosis of SLE based on the 1982 revised American College of Rheumatology criteria and with no ocular complaints were recruited from the SLE clinic. Clinical data regarding their systemic disease and disease activity were recorded and a full ophthalmic examination carried out. 52 patients of mixed ethnicity comprising of 75% Chinese, 19% Malays and 6% Indian patients were recruited. Of these, 51 (98%) were female with a mean age of 34+/-11 (range 16-74 y). 16 (31%) patients had dry eyes while corticosteroid induced glaucoma and cataract was detected in 1 (2%) and 7 (14%) patients, respectively. No patients were found to have sight-threatening ocular conditions such as cotton wool spots, vasculitis, optic neuropathy or uveitis. Patients with clinically inactive disease were found not to have sight-threatening ocular diseases that are known to be associated with SLE. Although they have no ocular complaints, nearly one-third of these patients have dry eyes. Ocular examination may be unnecessary when the disease is clinically inactive and in the absence of ocular symptoms.
    Study site: SLE clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma/chemically induced; Glaucoma/epidemiology
  16. Fulltext The causes of low vision and pattern of prescribing at UKM low vision clinic
    Rokiah Omar, Knight, Victor Feizal, Zainora Mohammed
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):55-64.
    MyJurnal
    When medical and surgical intervention cannot alleviate all of the impairments resulting from diseases of the eye, visual rehabilitation can help reduce the disability and increase the quality of life. Data from 169 patients seen at the UKM Low Vision Clinic (UKM LVC) over the past 2 years were examined and analysed. The age ranged from 6 to 87 years of age. The main cause of ocular pathological categories was conduction (63.9%), media (24.9%) and congenital (11.2%) related problems. The main causes of low vision at UKM LVC were congenital cataract, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, cataract and diabetic retinopathy. 84% of these patients received low vision devices to improve their near or/and distance vision. The most common optical devices dispensed at UKM LVC were near high addition spectacle, hand magnifiers and stand magnifiers. Medical, vision care and rehabilitation professionals working together can offer a comprehensive treatment plan for the visually impaired, offering these patients the very best services to increase their quality of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma
  17. Fulltext Functional MRI characteristics in visual cortex (BA 17, 18 and 19) corresponding to the visual field of normal, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open angle glaucoma (PCOG) patients
    Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin, Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin, Ahmad NazlimYusoff, Sharanjeet, Kaur
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2017;15(1):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to characterize, differentiate and correlate visual field and brain activation in visual cortex
    for normal, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) participants using Standard Automated
    Perimetry (SAP) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) respectively. The fMRI scans and SAP test were both
    carried out in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM). Two types of black-and-white checkerboard
    pattern were displayed to the participants during the fMRI scans. The fMRI data were analyzed using WFU pickatlas
    toolbox targeting visual cortex area. The results showed that there was no significant difference in number of activated
    voxel between the three groups in visual cortex (BA 17, 18 and 19) while viewing all the given stimuli (p > 0.05). The
    pattern standard deviation (PSD) of SAP for visual field also revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all groups of
    participants. However, negative correlation between PSD and fMRI activation was observed. The PSD values increased with
    a decrease in fMRI activation. With reference to visual field analysis, the results suggest that glaucomatous neuropathy of
    POAG patients has led to a gradual decrease in visual cortex activation and a gradual increase in PSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  18. Fulltext Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus, Central Retinal Artery Occlusion, and Neovascular Glaucoma in an Immunocompetent Individual
    Ahmad SS, Suan ALL, Alexander SM
    J Ophthalmic Vis Res, 2019 3 2;14(1):97-100.
    PMID: 30820294 DOI: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_65_17
    Purpose: To report the unusual case of an immunocompetent individual with herpes zoster ophthalmicus who developed central retinal artery occlusion and subsequent neovascular glaucoma.

    Case Report: A 40-year-old, immunocompetent patient was diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and central retinal artery occlusion on initial presentation. Subsequently, he developed neovascular glaucoma.

    Conclusion: There are a few case reports of central retinal artery occlusion developing after varicella zoster virus infection. However, a literature search found no reports of neovascular glaucoma following central retinal artery occlusion secondary to varicella zoster virus infection. The present case report indicates that neovascular glaucoma is a possible complication in such a scenario.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Neovascular
  19. Mean target intraocular pressure and progression rates in chronic angle-closure glaucoma
    Sharmini AT, Yin NY, Lee SS, Jackson AL, Stewart WC
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2009 Feb;25(1):71-5.
    PMID: 19232007 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0061
    The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for progression in chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/diagnosis; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/etiology; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/physiopathology*
  20. The efficacy of timolol in gel-forming solution after morning or evening dosing in Asian glaucomatous patients
    Ong LB, Liza-Sharmini AT, Chieng LL, Cheong MT, Vengadasalam SR, Shin HC, et al.
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2005 Oct;21(5):388-94.
    PMID: 16245965
    The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of timolol gel-forming solution as a monotherapy and to compare the efficacy of timolol gel-forming solution morning instillation versus at night application in Asians with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy*
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