Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 215 in total

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  1. Fulltext Statistical estimators as an alternative to standard deviation in weighted euclidean distance cluster analysis
    Dalatu, Paul Inuwa, Habshah Midi
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(4):1823-1836.
    MyJurnal
    Clustering is basically one of the major sources of primary data mining tools. It makes
    researchers understand the natural grouping of attributes in datasets. Clustering is an
    unsupervised classification method with the major aim of partitioning, where objects in the
    same cluster are similar, and objects which belong to different clusters vary significantly,
    with respect to their attributes. However, the classical Standardized Euclidean distance,
    which uses standard deviation to down weight maximum points of the ith features on the
    distance clusters, has been criticized by many scholars that the method produces outliers,
    lack robustness, and has 0% breakdown points. It also has low efficiency in normal
    distribution. Therefore, to remedy the problem, we suggest two statistical estimators
    which have 50% breakdown points namely the Sn and Qn estimators, with 58% and 82%
    efficiency, respectively. The proposed methods evidently outperformed the existing methods
    in down weighting the maximum points of the ith features in distance-based clustering
    analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  2. Representing landslides as polygon (areal) or points? How different data types influence the accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps
    Simon N, de Roiste M, Crozier M, Abdul Ghani Rafek
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:27-34.
    In the literatures, discussions on the accuracy of different models for landslide analysis have been discussed widely.
    However, to date, arguments on the type of input data (landslides in the form of point or polygon) and how they affect
    the accuracy of these models can hardly be found. This study assesses how different types of data (point or polygon)
    applied to the same model influence the accuracy of the model in determining areas susceptible to landsliding. A total
    of 137 landslides was digitised as polygon (areal) units and then transformed into points; forming two separate datasets
    both representing the same landslides within the study area. These datasets were later separated into training and
    validation datasets. The polygon unit dataset uses the area density technique reported as percentage, while the point
    data uses the landslide density technique, as means of assigning weighting to landslide factor maps to generate the
    landslide susceptibility map that is based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. Both data groups show striking
    differences in terms of mapping accuracy for both training and validation datasets. The final landslide susceptibility
    map using area density (polygon) as input only has 48% (training) and 35% (validation) accuracy. The accuracy for
    the susceptibility map using the landslide density as input data achieved 89% and 82% for both training and validation
    datasets, respectively. This result showed that the selection of the type of data for landslide analysis can be critical in
    producing an acceptable level of accuracy for the landslide susceptibility map. The authors hope that the finding of this
    research will assist landslide investigators to determine the appropriateness of the type of landslide data because it will
    influence the accuracy of the final landslide potential map.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  3. Fulltext A Review on the Kenaf/Glass Hybrid Composites with Limitations on Mechanical and Low Velocity Impact Properties
    Ahmad Nadzri SNZ, Hameed Sultan MT, Md Shah AU, Safri SNA, Basri AA
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Jun 04;12(6).
    PMID: 32512701 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061285
    Environmental awareness and trends to develop sustainable resources have directed much research attention towards kenaf fibre as an alternative reinforcement in composite manufacturing. Numerous studies have been conducted on kenaf and its hybrid composites. Most studies were conducted on kenaf/glass hybrid composites compared to other kenaf/synthetic hybrid composites. Similar with other materials, mechanical properties were the fundamental knowledge identified by the researcher. Limited studies conducted on other properties have restricted the use of kenaf composites to non-structural applications. To extend the potential of kenaf composites to automotive exterior or other critical applications, studies on impact properties can be a valuable contribution in the material field. This review discusses the mechanical and low velocity impact properties of kenaf/glass hybrid composites reported previously. Percentage loading of fibre, the angle of orientation in woven fibres and the chemical treatment applied to the fibre before compounding are the three major parameters that affect the mechanical and impact properties of the composites. This review provides insights into the mechanical and impact properties of kenaf/glass hybrid composites for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  4. Fulltext Designing the next generation of implementation research training for learners in low- and middle-income countries
    Penkunas MJ, Chong SY, Rhule ELM, Berdou E, Allotey P
    Global Health, 2021 06 21;17(1):63.
    PMID: 34154605 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00714-3
    Efficacious health interventions tested through controlled trials often fail to show desired impacts when implemented at scale. These challenges can be particularly pervasive in low- and middle-income settings where health systems often lack the capacity and mechanisms required for high-quality research and evidence translation. Implementation research is a powerful tool for identifying and addressing the bottlenecks impeding the success of proven health interventions. Implementation research training initiatives, although growing in number, remain out of reach for many investigators in low- and middle-income settings, who possess the knowledge required to contextualize challenges and potential solutions in light of interacting community- and system-level features. We propose a realigned implementation research training model that centers on team-based learning, tailored didactic opportunities, learning-by-doing, and mentorship.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  5. Fulltext Review of context-based similarity measure for categorical data
    Nurul Adzlyana, M.S., Rosma, M.D., Nurazzah, A.R.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(2):619-630.
    MyJurnal
    Data mining processes such as clustering, classification, regression and outlier detection are developed based on similarity between two objects. Data mining processes of categorical data is found to be most challenging. Earlier similarity measures are context-free. In recent years, researchers have come up with context-sensitive similarity measure based on the relationships of objects. This paper provides an in-depth review of context-based similarity measures. Descriptions of algorithm for four context-based similarity measure, namely Association-based similarity measure, DILCA, CBDL and the hybrid context-based similarity measure, are described. Advantages and limitations of each context-based similarity measure are identified and explained. Context-based similarity measure is highly recommended for data-mining tasks for categorical data. The findings of this paper will help data miners in choosing appropriate similarity measures to achieve more accurate classification or clustering results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  6. Fulltext In-Depth Review of Augmented Reality: Tracking Technologies, Development Tools, AR Displays, Collaborative AR, and Security Concerns
    Syed TA, Siddiqui MS, Abdullah HB, Jan S, Namoun A, Alzahrani A, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2022 Dec 23;23(1).
    PMID: 36616745 DOI: 10.3390/s23010146
    Augmented reality (AR) has gained enormous popularity and acceptance in the past few years. AR is indeed a combination of different immersive experiences and solutions that serve as integrated components to assemble and accelerate the augmented reality phenomena as a workable and marvelous adaptive solution for many realms. These solutions of AR include tracking as a means for keeping track of the point of reference to make virtual objects visible in a real scene. Similarly, display technologies combine the virtual and real world with the user's eye. Authoring tools provide platforms to develop AR applications by providing access to low-level libraries. The libraries can thereafter interact with the hardware of tracking sensors, cameras, and other technologies. In addition to this, advances in distributed computing and collaborative augmented reality also need stable solutions. The various participants can collaborate in an AR setting. The authors of this research have explored many solutions in this regard and present a comprehensive review to aid in doing research and improving different business transformations. However, during the course of this study, we identified that there is a lack of security solutions in various areas of collaborative AR (CAR), specifically in the area of distributed trust management in CAR. This research study also proposed a trusted CAR architecture with a use-case of tourism that can be used as a model for researchers with an interest in making secure AR-based remote communication sessions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  7. Fulltext The pandemic and changes in early career researchers' career prospects, research and publishing practices
    Jamali HR, Nicholas D, Sims D, Watkinson A, Herman E, Boukacem-Zeghmouri C, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(2):e0281058.
    PMID: 36791119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281058
    INTRODUCTION: As part of the Harbnger-2 project, this study aimed to discover the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on junior researchers' work-life, career prospects, research and publishing practices and networking.

    METHODS: An online international survey of 800 early career researchers (ECRs) was conducted in 2022. A questionnaire was developed based on three rounds of interviews and distributed using multiple channels including publishers, social media, and direct email to ECRs.

    RESULTS: The impact of the pandemic on career prospects, morale, job security, productivity, ability to network and collaborate, and quality and speed of peer review has on the whole been more negative than positive. A quarter of ECRs shifted their research focus to pandemic-related topics and half of those who did, benefited largely due to increased productivity and impact. The majority worked remotely/from home and more than two-thirds of those who did so benefitted from it. While virtual or hybrid conferences have been embraced by the majority of ECRs, around a third still preferred face-to-face only conferences. The use of library online platforms, Sci-Hub, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and smartphone to search and access full-text papers increased. ECRs prioritised journals with fast submission procedures for the publishing of their papers and spent more time on increasing the visibility of their research. Fees were a problem for publishing open access.

    CONCLUSION: Although, generally, the pandemic negatively impacted many aspects of ECRs' work-life, certain research areas and individuals benefited from being more appreciated and valued, and, in some cases, resulted in increased resources, better productivity and greater impact. Changes, such as the use of digital technologies and remote working created new opportunities for some ECRs. While continuing work flexibility and hybrid conferences might benefit some ECRs, institutions should also take measures to help those ECRs whose career and productivity have been adversely impacted.

    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  8. Fulltext Simulation framework for connected vehicles: a scoping review
    Abdul Razak SF, Yogarayan S, Azman A, Abdullah MFA, Muhamad Amin AH, Salleh M
    F1000Res, 2021;10:1265.
    PMID: 36852011 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73398.2
    Background: V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) is a booming research field with a diverse set of services and applications. Most researchers rely on vehicular simulation tools to model traffic and road conditions and evaluate the performance of network protocols. We conducted a scoping review to consider simulators that have been reported in the literature based on successful implementation of V2V systems, tutorials, documentation, examples, and/or discussion groups. Methods: Simulators that have limited information were not included. The selected simulators are described individually and compared based on their requirements and features, i.e., origin, traffic model, scalability, and traffic features. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The review considered only research published in English (in journals and conference papers) completed after 2015. Further, three reviewers initiated the data extraction phase to retrieve information from the published papers. Results: Most simulators can simulate system behaviour by modelling the events according to pre-defined scenarios. However, the main challenge faced is integrating the three components to simulate a road environment in either microscopic, macroscopic or mesoscopic models. These components include mobility generators, VANET simulators and network simulators. These simulators require the integration and synchronisation of the transportation domain and the communication domain. Simulation modelling can be run using a different types of simulators that are cost-effective and scalable for evaluating the performance of V2V systems in urban environments. In addition, we also considered the ability of the vehicular simulation tools to support wireless sensors. Conclusions: The outcome of this study may reduce the time required for other researchers to work on other applications involving V2V systems and as a reference for the study and development of new traffic simulators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  9. Edge computing for Vehicle to Everything: a short review
    Abdullah MFA, Yogarayan S, Abdul Razak SF, Azman A, Muhamad Amin AH, Salleh M
    F1000Res, 2021;10:1104.
    PMID: 38595984 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73269.4
    Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications and services have sparked considerable interest as a potential component of future Intelligent Transportation Systems. V2X serves to organise communication and interaction between vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), vehicle to pedestrians (V2P), and vehicle to networks (V2N). However, having multiple communication channels can generate a vast amount of data for processing and distribution. In addition, V2X services may be subject to performance requirements relating to dynamic handover and low latency communication channels. Good throughput, lower delay, and reliable packet delivery are the core requirements for V2X services.  Edge Computing (EC) may be a feasible option to address the challenge of dynamic handover and low latency to allow V2X information to be transmitted across vehicles. Currently, existing comparative studies do not cover the applicability of EC for V2X. This review explores EC approaches to determine the relevance for V2X communication and services. EC allows devices to carry out part or all of the data processing at the point where data is collected. The emphasis of this review is on several methods identified in the literature for implementing effective EC. We describe each method individually and compare them according to their applicability. The findings of this work indicate that most methods can simulate the EC positioning under predefined scenarios. These include the use of Mobile Edge Computing, Cloudlet, and Fog Computing. However, since most studies are carried out using simulation tools, there is a potential limitation in that crucial data in the search for EC positioning may be overlooked and ignored for bandwidth reduction. The EC approaches considered in this work are limited to the literature on the successful implementation of V2X communication and services. The outcome of this work could considerably help other researchers better characterise EC applicability for V2X communications and services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  10. A Step-by-Step Process on Sample Size Determination for Medical Research
    Bujang MA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Apr;28(2):15-27.
    PMID: 33958957 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.2
    Determination of a minimum sample size required for a study is a major consideration which all researchers are confronted with at the early stage of developing a research protocol. This is because the researcher will need to have a sound prerequisite knowledge of inferential statistics in order to enable him/her to acquire a thorough understanding of the overall concept of a minimum sample size requirement and its estimation. Besides type I error and power of the study, some estimates for effect sizes will also need to be determined in the process to calculate or estimate the sample size. The appropriateness in calculating or estimating the sample size will enable the researchers to better plan their study especially pertaining to recruitment of subjects. To facilitate a researcher in estimating the appropriate sample size for their study, this article provides some recommendations for researchers on how to determine the appropriate sample size for their studies. In addition, several issues related to sample size determination were also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  11. Development of Welding Fumes Health Index (WFHI) for Welding Workplace's Safety and Health Assessment
    Hariri A, Paiman NA, Leman AM, Md Yusof MZ
    Iran J Public Health, 2014 Aug;43(8):1045-59.
    PMID: 25927034
    This study aimed to develop an index that can rank welding workplace that associate well with possible health risk of welders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  12. Impact of Article Page Count and Number of Authors on Citations in Disability Related Fields: A Systematic Review Article
    Ahmed A, Adam M, Ghafar NA, Muhammad M, Ebrahim NA
    Iran J Public Health, 2016 Sep;45(9):1118-1125.
    PMID: 27957456
    BACKGROUND: Citation metrics and total publications in a field has become the gold standard for rating researchers and viability of a field. Hence, stimulating demand for citation has led to a search for useful strategies to improve performance metric index. Meanwhile, title, abstract and morphologic qualities of the articles attract researchers to scientific publications. Yet, there is relatively little understanding of the citation trend in disability related fields. We aimed to provide an insight into the factors associated with citation increase in this field. Additionally, we tried to know at what page number an article might appear attractive to disability researchers needs. Thus, our focus is placed on the article page count and the number of authors contributing to the fields per article.

    METHODS: To this end, we evaluated the quantitative characteristics of top cited articles in the fields with a total citation (≥50) in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Using one-way independent ANOVA, data extracted spanning a period of 1980-2015 were analyzed, while the non-parametric data analysis uses Kruskal-Walis test.

    RESULTS: Articles with 11 to 20 pages attract more citations followed by those within the range of zero to 10. Articles with upward 21 pages are the least cited. Surprisingly, articles with more than two authors are significantly (P<0.05) less cited and the citation decreases as the number of authors increased.

    CONCLUSION: Collaborative studies enjoy wider utilization and more citation, yet discounted merit of additional pages and limited collaborative research in disability field is revealed in this study.

    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  13. Emphasizing the experiences of researchers after RCR instructions: Introduction to Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) in Malaysia
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z, Ibrahim M
    Account Res, 2019 04;26(3):157-175.
    PMID: 30982340 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2019.1607312
    The purpose of this study is to highlight the experiences of individuals who participate in the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training program held at various universities in Malaysia. In response to a mailing request sent to 40 individuals who had undertaken a RCR training program, 15 participants agreed to be interviewed. The results of the study showed that the three main reasons for participating in the training were as follows: anticipation for knowledge gained; personal experience with research misconduct; and establishing a new network of researchers. In terms of the positive effects gained from undertaking the training, the participants highlighted an increased awareness of the issues and problems related to research misconduct; the need to promote integrity in research conduct; a change in the way they conduct their research; and a change in the way they confront and address misconduct. The findings of this study should be valuable for policy makers and those involved in the management of research programs and ethics, as it demonstrated the importance of RCR training in equipping researchers with the necessary knowledge to conduct research responsibly, and to avoid research misconduct.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/psychology*
  14. Plagiarism in publications using the unpublished raw data of archived research
    Yahaghi J, Beddu SB, Muda ZC
    Sci Eng Ethics, 2017 04;23(2):635-636.
    PMID: 27432400 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9807-9
    It is obligatory to educate student researchers before they start their work by teaching them about the various types of plagiarism and how to avoid them. It is also vital that research supervisors take into account the sources of data that are explored in their students' manuscripts. This article tries to draw the reader's attention to the importance of avoiding all types of plagiarism in their research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics
  15. Women in Computational Chemistry
    Wahab HA, Amaro RE, Cournia Z
    J Chem Inf Model, 2018 11 26;58(11):2175-2177.
    PMID: 30277769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00642
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/organization & administration
  16. Research and Publishing Ethics among Iranian Researchers: The Realities
    Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Lee JY
    Arch Iran Med, 2019 04 01;22(4):211-212.
    PMID: 31126180
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*
  17. Editorial: Inclusion, equity, diversity and social justice in movement disorders research
    Miyasaki JM, Lim TT, Bhidayasiri R
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2021 04;85:114-116.
    PMID: 33840573 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.03.022
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel*
  18. Malaysian researchers talk about the influence of culture on research misconduct in higher learning institutions
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z
    Account Res, 2017;24(8):469-482.
    PMID: 29087734 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2017.1399358
    Based on a previous survey by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) in the USA, a considerable number of foreign research scientists have been found guilty of research misconduct. However, it remains unclear as to whether or not cultural factors really contribute to research misconduct. This study is based on a series of interviews with Malaysian researchers from the local universities regarding their own professional experiences involving working with researchers or research students from different countries or of different nationalities. Most of the researchers interviewed agreed that cultures do shape individual character, which influences the way that such individuals conduct research, their decision-making, and their style of academic writing. Our findings also showed that working culture within the institution also influences research practices, as well as faculty mentorship of the younger generation of researchers. Given the fact such misconduct might be due to a lack of understanding of research or working cultures or practices within the institution, the impact on the scientific community and on society could be destructive. Therefore, it is suggested that the institution has an important role to play in orienting foreign researchers through training, mentoring, and discussion with regard to the "does" and "don'ts" related to research, and to provide them with an awareness of the importance of ethics when it comes to conducting research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*
  19. Researchers experience of misconduct in research in Malaysian higher education institutions
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z
    Account Res, 2018;25(3):125-141.
    PMID: 29394103 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2018.1429925
    This article offers a qualitative analysis of research misconduct witnessed by researchers during their careers, either by research students or fellow researchers, when conducting or supervising research in their respective departments. Interviews were conducted with 21 participants from various research backgrounds and with a range of research experience, from selected universities in Malaysia. Our study found that misbehavior such as manipulating research data, misrepresentation of research outcomes, plagiarism, authorship disputes, breaching of research protocols, and unethical research management was witnessed by participants among junior and senior researchers, albeit for different reasons. This indicates that despite the steps taken by the institutions to monitor research misconduct, it still occurs in the research community in Malaysian institution of higher education. Therefore, it is important to admit that misconduct still occurs and to create awareness and knowledge of it, particularly among the younger generation of researchers. The study concludes that it is better for researchers to be aware of the behaviors that are considered misconduct as well as the factors that contribute to misconduct to solve this problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*
  20. Breaking open a closed system
    Cyranoski D
    Nature, 2005 Aug 11;436(7052):884-5.
    PMID: 16136648
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/economics; Research Personnel/education; Research Personnel/supply & distribution*
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