Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 105 in total

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  1. Fulltext What are the antioxidant status predictors' factors among male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients?
    Pirabbasi E, Najafiyan M, Cheraghi M, Shahar S, Abdul Manaf Z, Rajab N, et al.
    Glob J Health Sci, 2013 Jan;5(1):70-8.
    PMID: 23283038 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p70
    Imbalance between antioxidant and oxidative stress is a major risk factor for pathogenesis of some chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to determine antioxidant and oxidative stress status, and also theirs association with respiratory function of male COPD patients to find the antioxidant predictors' factors. A total of 149 subjects were involved in a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at two medical centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results of the study showed that plasma vitamin C was low in most of the subjects (86.6%). Total antioxidant capacity was the lowest in COPD stage IV compare to other stages (p < 0.05). Level of plasma vitamin A (p= 0.012) and vitamin C (p= 0.007) were low in malnourished subjects. The predictors for total antioxidant capacity were forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted and intake of ?-carotene (R2= 0.104, p= 0.002). Number of cigarette (pack/ year) and smoking index (number/ year) were not associated with total antioxidant capacity of this COPD population. Plasma oxidative stress as assessed plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO) was only positively correlated with plasma glutathione (p= 0.002). It might be a need to evaluate antioxidant status especially in older COPD patients to treat antioxidant deficiency which is leading to prevent COPD progression.
    Study site: Outpatient clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A/blood; Vitamin A/physiology
  2. Fulltext Screening of Electrospray-operating Parameters in the Production of Alginate-Royal Jelly Microbeads Using Factorial Design
    Shaiqah MR, Salahuddin HM, Afiful Huda AYA, Izzuddin M, Nur Shafiq NIM, Nur Hakimah MA, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S703-S706.
    PMID: 33828364 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_249_19
    Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) has been consumed as food or as a supplement because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. A fresh harvested RJ is yellowish to whitish in color and contains proteins, free amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugar. Without proper storage conditions, such as at 4°C, the color of RJ changes to much darker yellow and produces a rancid smell. To prolong its shelf life, RJ is usually mixed with honey. Alginate, a natural and edible polymer derived from seaweed, is commonly used to encapsulate drugs and food due to its ability to form gels by reacting with divalent cations. However, there is a lack of research on the microencapsulation of RJ in alginate using electrospray. The electrospray technique has the advantage in producing consistent size and shape of alginate microbeads under optimum parameters.

    Aim: This research aimed to optimize electrospray-operating parameters in producing alginate-RJ microbeads.

    Materials and Methods: Optimization of alginate-RJ microbeads electrospray parameters was carried out using 24 factorial design with three center points (19 runs). The studied parameters were flow rate, high voltage, nozzle size, and tip-to-collector distance, whereas the responses were particle size, particle size distribution, and sphericity factor. The responses of each run were analyzed using Design-Expert software.

    Results: Nozzle size is a significant parameter that influences the particle size. Flow rate is a significant parameter influencing the sphericity factor.

    Conclusion: Screening of the electrospray-operating parameters paves the way in determining the significant parameters and their design space to produce consistent alginate-RJ microbeads.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  3. Fulltext Relationship between visual acuity, vitamin a, and zinc intake: a study among orang asli children aged 8-12 years in Semenyih, Selangor
    Lilynea Padimun, Tasneem Shaari, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa
    Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):62-67.
    MyJurnal
    The importance of vitamin A and Zinc has been a major concern due to their deficiency among children. This research aimed to investigate the association of vitamin A and zinc intake with visual acuity among Orang Asli children in Semenyih, Selangor. The total subjects involved were 94, consisting of boys, and girls aged 8-12 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the level of vitamin A and zinc intake. A Bailey-lovie chart test was used to determine the visual acuity. Vitamin A intake was highest among boys aged 8-9 years old (720 ± 324 mg). The mean intake of zinc, was lowest among boys aged 10-12 years old (4.42 ± 1.00 mg) and highest among girls aged 8-9 years old (5.04 ± 1.14 mg). The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity was 24%, which was equivalent to 23 subjects from the overall sample, consisting of boys and girls with a value of 0.50 Dioptric spherical equivalence (DSE). Findings from the research show that vitamin A and Zinc intake have a significant association with Visual acuity (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  4. Some observations on vitamin A starvation among immigrant Indians in Malaysia
    Field JW
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1931;6:46-53.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A Deficiency
  5. A preliminary note on the treatment of ulcers with shark liver oil
    Velupillay M
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:34-40.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  6. Fulltext THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE GASES IN REDUCING THE PRICKLING AND TINGLING SENSATIONS IN FRESH-CUT PINEAPPLE(Ananas comosus L cv. Morris)
    AIDA NADIA A.RAMLEE, WAN ZALIHA WAN SEMBOK
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2021;3(2):13-24.
    MyJurnal
    Fresh-cut pineapple has experienced an increase in demand due to its great health benefits and is rich in vitamins A, B and C. Moreover, pineapple is known as a source of the enzyme bromelain, which has therapeutic applications, such as reducing inflammation, improving digestion and treating osteoarthritis. However, bromelain generally affects the pineapple’s flavour and is less preferred by consumers due to the uncomfortable prickling and tingling sensations it brings. In the present study, two types of gases and their combination, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), were used to evaluate their impacts on reducing the tingling and prickling sensations, as well as maintaining the postharvest qualities of fresh-cut pineapple stored at 5°C for 12 days. The parameters being evaluated were the bromelain enzyme activity, flesh colour, ascorbic acid concentration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and sensory evaluation. No significant differences were recorded for all parameters tested. Based on the sensory evaluations, all the attributes, such as colour, aroma, texture, sweetness, sourness, tingling and prickling sensations, and overall acceptance were not affected by the different gases application. Even though no apparent effect was observed, the 30 panellists preferred the aforementioned attributes, except sourness. In conclusion, the fumigation treatments with N2 and CO2 gases were not effective in reducing the tingling and prickling sensations of pineapples cv. Morris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  7. Fulltext Fat-Soluble Vitamins and the Current Global Pandemic of COVID-19: Evidence-Based Efficacy from Literature Review
    Samad N, Dutta S, Sodunke TE, Fairuz A, Sapkota A, Miftah ZF, et al.
    J Inflamm Res, 2021;14:2091-2110.
    PMID: 34045883 DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S307333
    The outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), was initiated at Wuhan, Hubei, China, and there was a rapid spread of novel SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19 in late 2019. The entire world is now experiencing the challenge of COVID-19 infection. However, still very few evidence-based treatment options are available for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. The present review aims to summarize the publicly available information to give a comprehensive yet balanced scientific overview of all the fat-soluble vitamins concerning their role in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The roles of different fat-soluble vitamins and micronutrients in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection have been recently explored in several studies. There are various hypotheses to suggest their use to minimize the severity of COVID-19 infection. These vitamins are pivotal in the maintenance and modulation of innate and cell-mediated, and antibody-mediated immune responses. The data reported in recent literature demonstrate that deficiency in one or more of these vitamins compromises the patients' immune response and makes them more vulnerable to viral infections and perhaps worse disease prognosis. Vitamins A, D, E, and K boost the body's defense mechanism against COVID-19 infection and specifically prevent its complications such as cytokine storm and other inflammatory processes, leading to increased morbidity and mortality overemphasis. However, more detailed randomized double-blind clinical pieces of evidence are required to define the use of these supplements in preventing or reducing the severity of the COVID-19 infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  8. Fulltext Food Intake Assessment of Adults in Rural and Urban Areas from Four Selected Regions in Malaysia
    Malays J Nutr, 1997;3(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    An assessment of the daily intake of major nutrients among 409 adults (males and females aged between 18-60 years, normal body mass index) residing in four regions in Malaysia was carried out as part of a major study on energy requirement. Subjects from both urban and rural areas completed a 3-day food record during the study. Mean energy intake among the men and women were 9.05 ± 2.21 MJ/day (2163 kcal/day) and 7.19 ± 1.60 MJ/day (1718 kcal/day) respectively, corresponding to 90% of the Malaysian RDA. A mean of 14% of the total energy was derived from protein, 23% from fat and 63% from carbohydrate. Energy intake amongst male subjects in the rural area (8.47 MJ/day, 2024 kcal) was significantly lower than their urban counterparts (9.52 MJ/day, 2275 kcal). There was no difference in mean energy intake in both the urban (7. 19 MJ/day, 1718 kcal) as well as rural women (7.16 MJ/day, 1711 kcal) corresponding to 86% of the RDA. The distribution of nutrients to the total energy intake amongst rural subjects were 13% for protein in both males and females, 65% for carbohydrate in males and 66% in females and 19% for fat in males and 21% for females. In the urban male and female subjects, the distribution of protein, carbohydrate and fat to the total energy intake were 14%, 55% and 29% and 30% respectively. The rural subjects showed a poorer mean intake of vitamins and minerals compared to the urban subjects. The diets of the male subjects in the rural area were deficient, less than two-third RDA in calcium, riboflavin and niacin. Calcium and iron intakes were less than two-third RDA in both the rural as well as the urban women. The rural women also had a poor intake of vitamin A and niacin. Overall, only protein and vitamin C intake met the RDA in most subjects from rural and urban areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  9. Fulltext Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Vigna sinensis
    Emynur Shafekh, S., Mohd Adzim Khalili, R., Norhayati, A.H., Nor Farhanah, M.Y., Noor Husna, Z., Siti Nafizah, M.B., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1393-1400.
    MyJurnal
    Vigna sinensis also known as long-podded cowpea or Chinese long bean (Family:Fabaceae) is most widely grown in Southeast Asia. They are a good source of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, and potassium. The antioxidant potential of crude methanol extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Vigna sinensiswas screened for in- vitro antioxidant activity using total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests. It was found that ethyl acetate fraction have maximum amount of polyphenolics compounds (2.69 mg/g GAE in concentration 0.5 mg/mL); more effective than methanol and chloroform extract.This fraction also exhibited fairly good antioxidant activity with in both TBA (17.39% mg/g GAE) and FTC (12.65% mg/g GAE) methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  10. Fulltext Variability in nutritional composition and phytochemical properties of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) from Malaysia and Australia
    Nurul, S.R., Asmah, R
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(4):1689-1697.
    MyJurnal
    The present work sought to investigate the nutritional composition and phytochemical properties of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) juices from Malaysia and Australia and to determine the optimum ethanol concentration (in the range of 0 – 100% ethanol) for the extraction of phenolic, flavonoid and betacyanin contents. The predominant macronutrient in red pitaya juice was carbohydrate while potassium and vitamin A were the major mineral and vitamin content. Red pitaya juice from Malaysia achieved optimal total phenolic content at 20% of ethanol (20 mL ethanol in 100 mL water, v/v); total flavonoid content at 60% (v/v); and betacyanin content at 0% (v/v). Red pitaya juice from Australia achieved the maximum total phenolic content at 60% (v/v); total flavonoid content at 20% (v/v); and betacyanin content at 80% (v/v). Nutritional composition and the phytochemical properties of red pitaya in Malaysia and Australia were significantly different suggested the role of environmental factors like soil and climate on the phytochemical properties of red pitaya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  11. Fulltext Physico-chemical and flowability characteristics of a new variety of Malaysian sweet potato, VitAto Flour
    Mohd Hanim, A.B., Chin, N.L., Yusof, Y.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(5):2099-2107.
    MyJurnal
    Proximate, functional and pasting properties of a new variety of sweet potato, VitAto, flour, known for its high vitamin A contents, were compared with two other commercial sweet potatoes, Bukit Naga and Okinawan, flour available in Malaysia. The recoveries of each sweet potato from milling were not significantly different at about 20% but in proximate analysis, the VitAto presented the highest protein (5.7%) and dietary fiber (14.8%) contents with more energy 399.6 kcal/100 g produced. The VitAto flour has average particle size of 132.04 μm. The pasting temperature of the VitAto flour was 65oC, with highest setback and trough viscosity values of 530.90 and 197.20 mPa.s, respectively. The flour is classified as easy flowing and stable powders. This study provides information which helps in the handling, packing and storage of sweet potato flours. It also shows that the VitAto flour has an array of functional, pasting and proximate properties that can facilitate its uses in many areas with better nutritional properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  12. Determination of radical scavenging activity and Vitamin A, C and E in organically grown Red Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.)
    Mohd Adzim Khalili, R.,, Norhayati, A.H., Rokiah,M. Y., Asmah, R., Siti Muskinah, M., Abdul Manaf, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(2):405-409.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to determine radical scavenging activity and vitamin antioxidant composition in red pitaya from organic plantation. For antioxidant vitamins analysis, a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used and radical scavenging activity of methanolic and water extract were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pircrylhydrazyl assay. Results for radical scavenging activity, red pitaya methanolic extract achieved the highest percentage 70.13% compared with water extract (47.13%). Antioxidant vitamins composition in red pitaya showed that the concentration of vitamin A is 120.13 ± 0.69 μg/100 g freeze-dried sample, vitamin C is 540.27 ± 0.59 μg/100 g fresh samples and vitamin E is 105.67 ± 0.56 μg/100 g freeze-dried samples. This shows that red pitaya may become an alternative and potential source of natural antioxidant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  13. Fulltext Abstracts of the international conference on pharmacy education and practice, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, 29–31 january 2016
    Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Baharudin Ibrahim, Vikneswaran, Murugaiyah, Balamurugan, Tangiisuran, Amer Hayat Khan, Fahad Saleem, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2015;13(1):55-95.
    MyJurnal
    Medicine is an essential need for many people to treat their illness. Creating awareness among general public regarding medicines use and common illnesses can promote healthy lifestyles among them. The objectives of this study are to determine public knowledge and perception of medicines use and; to explore the pattern of medicines used in the past 3 months. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out among the general public in Pulau Pinang. People who were using medications during the time of the survey or in the last 3 months were invited to participate in the study. Only Malaysians ≥18 years were selected by convenient sampling to participate in the survey. The results of this study showed that most of the respondents were using some sort of medications during the last 3 months. Around 30% did not read the label of the medicines before use. Furthermore, participants had low awareness towards some aspects of medicines use such as the name of generic and brand medicines, overuse of paracetamol or vitamins and their side effects, discontinuation of antibiotics, storing ointments and syrups in refrigerator, and the side effects of medicines registered in Malaysia. Efforts are still needed to increase the awareness of medicines use among the general public. More quantitative studies are needed to understand the factors that may influence public knowledge and perceptions on the use of medicines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  14. Fulltext Effect of thermal treatment on the biochemical composition of tropical honey samples
    Chua, L. S., Adnan, N. A., Abdul-Rahaman, N. L., Sarmidi, M. R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(2):773-778.
    MyJurnal
    Honey is usually subjected to filtration and heating for bottling before commercialization. However, there is no standard procedure available for thermal treatment on honey. Honey is thermally heated at various temperature and duration based on individual experience to prolong the shelf life of honey in the market. The heating methods might decrease the biochemical components such as nutrients, enzymatic activities and vitamins to certain extent. In addition to water reduction, thermal treatment on sugar rich honey usually accompanied by the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In the present study, the biochemical components in three commonly consumed honey in Malaysia, namely tualang, gelam and acacia honey were investigated before and after thermal treatment at 90oC for 30 min. The short period of heating time was found to degrade nutrients, enzymatic activities and water soluble vitamins in honey. The degradation of protein and enzyme via proteolytic digestion had attributed to the increase of free amino acids in honey. Based on the multivariate analysis, the most thermally affected biochemical components are crude fat, panthotenic acid (Vitamin B5) and diastase activity which explain for 86.4% of the total variance. The kinetic studies on the HMF formation revealed that the honey samples followed zero order kinetic model for the first 60 min of heating at 90oC. The findings indicate that the temperature and duration of heating during honey processing is essential to be investigated according to the honey origin. The initial biochemical composition of honey would affect the kinetic profile of HMF formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  15. Fulltext Photoprotective measures of selected sunscreens and their antioxidant adjuvantion effects in the Malaysian Climate
    Khamsiah, N., Lai, N.S., Nurfarhanim, M., Nor Aimi, A.R., Mohd Syazwan, C. S., Goon, J.A.
    Medicine & Health, 2012;7(2):84-96.
    MyJurnal
    The Malaysian skincare industry is growing rapidly with a vast number of new sunscreens being produced annually. Inadequate skincare regulations and lack of enforcement have resulted in the overrating of sunscreens’ quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the local and international sunscreens and to determine the effects of adding concentrated antioxidants into them. Three local and three internationally manufactured sunscreens were tested for the in vitro Ultraviolet A protection factor (UVAPF), Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and photostability. The creams were spread onto roughened polymethylmethacrylate plates where the absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer before and after two hours of sunlight irradiation. The procedure was repeated combining available concentrated vitamin C and E creams. International sunscreens were found to have more accurate SPF labels (p=0.009) while local sunscreens were found to be more photostable (p=0.003). However, both sunscreens had inadequate UVAPF (p=0.471). Vitamin C enhanced the SPF values (p= 0.04) of both groups of sunscreens while vitamin E enhanced their photostability (p=0.000). Interestingly, combining vitamins C and E rich creams with the sunscreens had no effect on the SPF and UVAPF values as compared to the use of a single vitamin. More importantly, the combination of vitamins decreased the photostability (p=0.002) of sunscreens as compared to the addition of vitamin E alone. In conclusion, photoprotection is best achieved when sunscreens are used together with creams containing either vitamin C or E alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  16. Fulltext Antioxidant activity of bee pollen ethanolic extracts from Malaysian stingless bee measured using DPPH-HPLC assay
    Nurdianah, H.F., Ahmad Firdaus, A.H., Eshaifol Azam, O., Wan Adnan, W.O.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):403-405.
    MyJurnal
    Bee pollen is considered as one of the functional foods due to its complex biochemical
    properties. Bee pollen which is collected from pollen grains from various botanical sources
    contains almost a complete nutrition such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins
    and minerals. Its beneficial effect on health is thought to be due to the presence of phenolic
    compounds with its antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activities of ethanolic bee pollen extract
    (BPE) from three species of Malaysian stingless bee; Trigona thoracica, Trigona itama and
    Trigona apicalis in this study were measured using DPPH-HPLC method and gallic acid (GA)
    as a standard reference. The percentage of DPPH inhibition by T. apicalis BPE at 1 mg/mL
    showed the highest inhibition (39%, GA equivalent to 0.3 mg/mL) compared with T. itama
    (14.3%, GA equivalent to 0.1 mg/mL) and T. thoracica (6.7%, GA equivalent to 0.05 mg/mL).
    Our result was the first in reporting antioxidant activity of BPE measured using DPPH-HPLC
    method from three different species of Malaysian stingless bee.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  17. A review of the nutritional status of the Indian community in Peninsular Malaysia
    Mirnalini K
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5:39-43.
    A review of recent data available on the nutritional health of Indian children seems to suggest that malnutrition is a major problem among poor Indian preschool and school children. Examination of indirect indicators of malnutrition reveals that for Indians, the annual percentage decrease in TMR is the lowest and incidence of low birth weight and perinatal mortality rate the highest. While there is very little documentation in the extent and severity of protein-malnutrition among Indian children, hospital admission returns for severe PEM show a predominance of Indian preschool children. This suggest that moderate forms of malnutrition may even be more widely prevalent amongst this group of the population thus posing a great problem from the public health point of view. The prevalence of moderate PEM as represented by acute ("wasting") and chronic forms ("stunting") was found to be the highest among Indian urban and rural children. Biochemical studies indicate widespread prevalence of anemia, vitamin A and B deficiencies especially among Indian preschool children. The presence of high parasitic infections may exacerbate such deficiencies. The causes of malnutrition are multiple and complex. Low family income as a consequence of high unemployment rate (8%) and low wages, lack of basic sanitation and adequate housing, large family size, alcoholism and apathy among parents, ignorance of good nutrition and disturbed conditions in the home environment have been identified as some of the factors that may contribute towards malnutrition in this community. Thus the viscous cycle of malnutrition appears to have gained a foothold in the poor Indian community. As has been well documented, the social implications of malnutrition are many, the most important being its effect on education. It is now well known that malnutrition hinders intellectual development; it interferes with a child's motivation, ability to concentrate, and ability to learn and cope with the school situation. Malnutrition thus could be one of the contributory factors to the generally poor performance in studies, to the low aspiration for higher education and to the alarming drop-out rate (60%) found among Indian school children. While this review attempts to highlight some of the nutritional problems confronting the Indian poor, it is clearly essential from a national view-point that community level surveys should be further undertaken to assess the nutritional health of this group. The problem of malnutrition among poor Indian children is real and needs urgent recognition and remedial measures from both public and political sectors alike.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  18. Fulltext Edible mushrooms from malaysia; a literature review on their nutritional and medicinal properties
    Samsudin, N.I.P., Abdullah, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(1):11-31.
    MyJurnal
    Mushrooms have been consumed by mankind for millennia. In Malaysia, there are many species of edible mushrooms which are either cultivated (Agaricus spp., Auricularia spp., Pleurotus spp.) or harvested in the wild (Ganoderma spp., Polyporus spp., Termitomyces spp.). With the advancement of technology, numerous discoveries have been made that elucidated the nutritional (high in fibres, proteins, vitamins; low in fats, cholesterols, sodium) and medicinal (anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, neuritogenesis) properties of edible mushrooms, all of which are highly beneficial for the maintenance of human health and well-being. This review thus compiles and documents the available literatures on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia complete with scientific, English, and vernacular names for future references; provides a comprehensive and updated overview on the nutritional and medicinal properties edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia; and identifies the research gaps to promote further research and development on edible mushrooms reported from Malaysia. Overall, Malaysia is and remains a natural repository for wild and cultivated edible mushrooms. Deeper investigation on their nutritional and medicinal properties will certainly serve as an impetus for economic as well as scientific progress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  19. Fulltext Whole genome sequencing of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the chewing stick (Distemonanthus benthamianus): insights into Rhodotorula phylogeny, mitogenome dynamics and carotenoid biosynthesis
    Gan HM, Thomas BN, Cavanaugh NT, Morales GH, Mayers AN, Savka MA, et al.
    PeerJ, 2017;5:e4030.
    PMID: 29158974 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4030
    In industry, the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is commonly used for the production of carotenoids. The production of carotenoids is important because they are used as natural colorants in food and some carotenoids are precursors of retinol (vitamin A). However, the identification and molecular characterization of the carotenoid pathway/s in species belonging to the genus Rhodotorula is scarce due to the lack of genomic information thus potentially impeding effective metabolic engineering of these yeast strains for improved carotenoid production. In this study, we report the isolation, identification, characterization and the whole nuclear genome and mitogenome sequence of the endophyte R. mucilaginosa RIT389 isolated from Distemonanthus benthamianus, a plant known for its anti-fungal and antibacterial properties and commonly used as chewing sticks. The assembled genome of R. mucilaginosa RIT389 is 19 Mbp in length with an estimated genomic heterozygosity of 9.29%. Whole genome phylogeny supports the species designation of strain RIT389 within the genus in addition to supporting the monophyly of the currently sequenced Rhodotorula species. Further, we report for the first time, the recovery of the complete mitochondrial genome of R. mucilaginosa using the genome skimming approach. The assembled mitogenome is at least 7,000 bases larger than that of Rhodotorula taiwanensis which is largely attributed to the presence of large intronic regions containing open reading frames coding for homing endonuclease from the LAGLIDADG and GIY-YIG families. Furthermore, genomic regions containing the key genes for carotenoid production were identified in R. mucilaginosa RIT389, revealing differences in gene synteny that may play a role in the regulation of the biotechnologically important carotenoid synthesis pathways in yeasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
  20. Fulltext Evaluation of total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, and antioxidant vitamin composition of pomegranate seed and juice
    Anahita, A., Asmah, R., Fauziah, O.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):1212-1217.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), antioxidant vitamin composition (A, C, and E) of pomegranate fruit. In addition, two edible parts of pomegranate juice, pomegranate seed, and combination of them were compared based on antioxidant properties. TPC was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method based on colorimetric reduction. Ferric reduction ability power (FRAP assay) was used to test the antioxidant activity. Vitamin assessments were conducted by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results for antioxidant vitamin composition in pomegranate juice (PJ) showed that the concentration of vitamin A was 22.8 ± 0.69 μg/100 g, vitamin C was 57.8 ± 0.59 mg/100 g, and vitamin E was 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/100 g. Besides, TPC in PJ, pomegranate seed (PS), and pomegranate seed-juice (PSJ) was 2502 ± 54, 165 ± 49, and 2696 ± 49 mg GAE/L, and TAA was 32 ± 5.1, 20 ± 2.8, and 47 ± 5.5 mmol/L respectively. This study revealed that PSJ contained high level of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C. In addition, TPC was as main contributor to antioxidant activities, and positively correlated with TAA (r2 = 0.91, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin A
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