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Fulltext Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Young-Onset Stroke Identifies a Locus on Chromosome 10q25 Near HABP2

Cheng YC, Stanne TM, Giese AK, Ho WK, Traylor M, Amouyel P, et al.

Stroke, 2016 Feb;47(2):307-16.
PMID: 26732560 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.011328

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although a genetic contribution to ischemic stroke is well recognized, only a handful of stroke loci have been identified by large-scale genetic association studies to date. Hypothesizing that genetic effects might be stronger for early- versus late-onset stroke, we conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, focusing on stroke cases with an age of onset <60 years.
METHODS: The discovery stage of our genome-wide association studies included 4505 cases and 21 968 controls of European, South-Asian, and African ancestry, drawn from 6 studies. In Stage 2, we selected the lead genetic variants at loci with association P<5×10(-6) and performed in silico association analyses in an independent sample of ≤1003 cases and 7745 controls.
RESULTS: One stroke susceptibility locus at 10q25 reached genome-wide significance in the combined analysis of all samples from the discovery and follow-up stages (rs11196288; odds ratio =1.41; P=9.5×10(-9)). The associated locus is in an intergenic region between TCF7L2 and HABP2. In a further analysis in an independent sample, we found that 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in high linkage disequilibrium with rs11196288 were significantly associated with total plasma factor VII-activating protease levels, a product of HABP2.
CONCLUSIONS: HABP2, which encodes an extracellular serine protease involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammatory pathways, may be a genetic susceptibility locus for early-onset stroke.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children

Mindell JA, Sadeh A, Kwon R, Goh DY

Sleep Med, 2013 Dec;14(12):1283-9.
PMID: 24269649 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002

The aim of our study was to characterize cross-cultural sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of preschool children ages 3-6years in multiple predominantly Asian (P-A) and predominantly Caucasian (P-C) countries/regions.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
Cross-cultural differences in infant and toddler sleep

Mindell JA, Sadeh A, Wiegand B, How TH, Goh DY

Sleep Med, 2010 Mar;11(3):274-80.
PMID: 20138578 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.04.012

BACKGROUND:
To characterize cross-cultural sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of children ages birth to 36 months in multiple predominantly-Asian (P-A) and predominantly-Caucasian (P-C) countries.

METHODS:
Parents of 29,287 infants and toddlers (predominantly-Asian countries/regions: China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; predominantly-Caucasian countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) completed an internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Overall, children from P-A countries had significantly later bedtimes, shorter total sleep times, increased parental perception of sleep problems, and were more likely to both bed-share and room-share than children from P-C countries, p

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Bedtime routines for young children: a dose-dependent association with sleep outcomes

Mindell JA, Li AM, Sadeh A, Kwon R, Goh DY

Sleep, 2015 May;38(5):717-22.
PMID: 25325483 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4662

Establishment of a consistent bedtime routine (the activities that occur right before lights out) is often recommended as part of healthy sleep habits. However, no studies have investigated the dose-dependent association of a bedtime routine with sleep outcomes, especially in young children for whom they are particularly recommended. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of a consistent bedtime routine with sleep outcomes in young children (ages 0 through 5 y) in a large global sample and assess whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of a bedtime routine both concurrently and retrospectively with sleep outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Acute pancreatitis in a multi-ethnic population

Kandasami P, Harunarashid H, Kaur H

Singapore Med J, 2002 Jun;43(6):284-8.
PMID: 12380724

There is very little information in literature describing ethnic variations in etiologic and clinical outcome of acute pancreatitis in the Asian population. This study describes the demographic, etiologic and clinical course of acute pancreatitis among the three main races in Malaysia namely, the Malays, Chinese and Indians. One hundred and thirty-three consecutive patients were admitted for acute pancreatitis for the period January 1994 to July 1999 and they consisted of 77 males and 56 females with a mean age of 43.5 years (SD+/- 14.7). The racial breakdown of acute pancreatitis was: Malays 38 (28.6%), Chinese 19 (14.3%), Indians 75 (56.4%) and 1 (0.8%) patient was an orang asli. The incidence of alcohol association with acute pancreatitis was significantly increased in the males, while gallstone pancreatitis was principally a disease of the female. Alcohol was identified as the predominant factor associated with acute pancreatitis among the Indians (73.3%) and in contrast, gallstone was the commonest associated etiologic factor for the Malays and Chinese. No etiologic factor could be identified in a substantial proportion of the Malay patients (60.5%) when compared to the Chinese (36.8%) and Indians (35%). Severe disease developed in 25% of the cases reviewed but there was no difference in of the rate of severe pancreatitis in terms of ethnic groupings or etiologic factors. The overall mortality rate was 7.5% and the commonest cause of death was multi-organ failure. The study recognises that there are differences in the characteristics of acute pancreatitis among the three major races in the country and this divergence is primarily due to sociocultural habits.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
Fulltext Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in a defined Malaysian population

Dhaliwal JS, Balasubramaniam T, Quek CK, Gill HK, Nasuruddin BA

Singapore Med J, 1995 Jun;36(3):288-91.
PMID: 8553095

The aim of this study was to establish the lymphocyte subset reference ranges in a defined Malaysian population as well as to determine inter-racial differences for these values. Normal blood obtained from 152 subjects (55.9% Malay, 26.3% Chinese and 17.7% Indian) was immunophenotyped. Results obtained (expressed as mean +/- SD %), absolute count (x 10(6) cells/mm3) were as follows: CD3:66.5 +/- 8.6%, 2,066; CD4:33.2 +/- 8.5%, 1,028; CD831.6 +/- 8.9%, 982; CD19:12.0 +/- 0%, 5,374, and CD56+CD16:20.9 +/- 9%, 1,638. There were no significant differences between the percent lymphocyte subsets of the three racial groups. However, the absolute number of CD4 cells and CD19 cells in Chinese was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the Indian and the Indian and Malay groups respectively. Comparison of our results with other reports showed that the percentage of Natural Killer cells in this population is higher than that reported for Caucasian population.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
Fulltext Maternal and cord serum immunoglobulins in four Malaysian races

Shah FH, Yadav M

Singapore Med J, 1977 Dec;18(4):246-57.
PMID: 614701

Immunoglobulin G, A and M levels were determined in paired maternal and cord sera of premature, full term and postmature newborns of urban dwelling Chinese, Indian, Malay and full term newborn of the forest dwelling Orang Asli (Malaysian aborigines). The mean serum IgC level in the full term Orang Asli newborns (1254±441 mg per 100 mil is comparable to that of the Indians (1211±282 mg per 100 ml) and Malays (1169±286 mg per 100 ml) but these levels are higher than those of the Chinese
newborns (1092±270 mg per 100 ml). Statistical analysis indicates a significant dependence of cord serum IgG level on maternal serum IgG level in the . Chinese, Indians and Malays. In addition, in Indians the cord serum IgG was significantly dependent at 5% level on the gestation age. The fetomaternal serum IgG level ratios at term were equal to or just less than one. The cord serum IgM levels of the Chinese, Indian, Malay and Orang Asli newborns at term were 11.6.±. 6.5, 12.5.±. 7.3, 10.9.±. 5.8 and
16.7±6.9 mg per 100 ml respectively. Statistical analysis showed absence of correlation between cord serum IgM level and birthweight, gestation age or maternal serum IgM level in Chinese and Malays. In Indians the cord sera IgM level showed a dependence on the birthweight. Immunoglobulin A was present in 34.6%, 40.5%, 31.6% and 62.5% of full term Chinese, Indian, Malay and Orang Asli newborns respectively. These observations are discussed in relation to the immunoglobulin levels observed in populations residing in temperate and other tropical regions.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
Fulltext Lack of association of ABCB1 and PXR polymorphisms with response to treatment in epilepsy

Haerian BS, Lim KS, Mohamed EH, Tan HJ, Tan CT, Raymond AA, et al.

Seizure, 2011 Jun;20(5):387-94.
PMID: 21316268 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.01.008

It is proposed that overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene, is involved in resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Genetic variation and haplotype patterns are population specific which may cause different phenotypes such as response to AEDs. Although several studies examined the link between the common polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene with resistance to AEDs, the results have been conflicting. This controversy may be caused by the effect of some confounders such as ethnicity and polytherapy. Moreover, expression of the ABCB1 gene is under the control of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Evidence showed that PXR gene contribute to the response to treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the association of ABCB1 and PXR genetic polymorphisms with response to the carbamazepine (CBZ) or sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy in epilepsy. Genotypes were assessed in 685 Chinese, Indian, and Malay epilepsy patients for ABCB1 (C1236T, G2677T, C3435T) and PXR (G7635A) polymorphisms. No association between these polymorphisms and their haplotypes, and interaction between them, with response to treatment was observed in the overall group or in the Chinese, Indian, and Malay subgroups. Our data showed that these polymorphisms may not contribute to the response to CBZ or VPA monotherapy treatment in epilepsy.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
Fulltext Positive selection in Europeans and East-Asians at the ABCA12 gene

Sirica R, Buonaiuto M, Petrella V, Sticco L, Tramontano D, Antonini D, et al.

Sci Rep, 2019 03 19;9(1):4843.
PMID: 30890716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40360-9

Natural selection acts on genetic variants by increasing the frequency of alleles responsible for a cellular function that is favorable in a certain environment. In a previous genome-wide scan for positive selection in contemporary humans, we identified a signal of positive selection in European and Asians at the genetic variant rs10180970. The variant is located in the second intron of the ABCA12 gene, which is implicated in the lipid barrier formation and down-regulated by UVB radiation. We studied the signal of selection in the genomic region surrounding rs10180970 in a larger dataset that includes DNA sequences from ancient samples. We also investigated the functional consequences of gene expression of the alleles of rs10180970 and another genetic variant in its proximity in healthy volunteers exposed to similar UV radiation. We confirmed the selection signal and refine its location that extends over 35 kb and includes the first intron, the first two exons and the transcription starting site of ABCA12. We found no obvious effect of rs10180970 alleles on ABCA12 gene expression. We reconstructed the trajectory of the T allele over the last 80,000 years to discover that it was specific to H. sapiens and present in non-Africans 45,000 years ago.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
Fulltext The other-race effect and holistic processing across racial groups

Wong HK, Estudillo AJ, Stephen ID, Keeble DRT

Sci Rep, 2021 04 19;11(1):8507.
PMID: 33875735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87933-1

It is widely accepted that holistic processing is important for face perception. However, it remains unclear whether the other-race effect (ORE) (i.e. superior recognition for own-race faces) arises from reduced holistic processing of other-race faces. To address this issue, we adopted a cross-cultural design where Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian and Australian Caucasian participants performed four different tasks: (1) yes-no face recognition, (2) composite, (3) whole-part and (4) global-local tasks. Each face task was completed with unfamiliar own- and other-race faces. Results showed a pronounced ORE in the face recognition task. Both composite-face and whole-part effects were found; however, these holistic effects did not appear to be stronger for other-race faces than for own-race faces. In the global-local task, Malaysian Chinese and African participants demonstrated a stronger global processing bias compared to both European- and Australian-Caucasian participants. Importantly, we found little or no cross-task correlation between any of the holistic processing measures and face recognition ability. Overall, our findings cast doubt on the prevailing account that the ORE in face recognition is due to reduced holistic processing in other-race faces. Further studies should adopt an interactionist approach taking into account cultural, motivational, and socio-cognitive factors.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Muscle protein synthesis and muscle/metabolic responses to resistance exercise training in South Asian and White European men

Alkhayl FFA, Ismail AD, Celis-Morales C, Wilson J, Radjenovic A, Johnston L, et al.

Sci Rep, 2022 Feb 15;12(1):2469.
PMID: 35169204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06446-7

The aims of the current study, therefore, were to compare (1) free-living MPS and (2) muscle and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise in South Asian and white European adults. Eighteen South Asian and 16 White European men were enrolled in the study. Free-living muscle protein synthesis was measured at baseline. Muscle strength, body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max and metabolic responses (insulin sensitivity) to a mixed meal were measured at baseline and following 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Free-living muscle protein synthesis was not different between South Asians (1.48 ± 0.09%/day) and White Europeans (1.59 ± 0.15%/day) (p = 0.522). In response to resistance exercise training there were no differences, between South Asians and White Europeans, muscle mass, lower body strength or insulin sensitivity. However, there were differences between the ethnicities in response to resistance exercise training in body fat, resting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood pressure, VO2max and upper body strength with responses less favourable in South Asians. In this exploratory study there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis or anabolic and metabolic responses to resistance exercise, yet there were less favourable responses in several outcomes. These findings require further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Fine scale mapping of the 17q22 breast cancer locus using dense SNPs, genotyped within the Collaborative Oncological Gene-Environment Study (COGs)

Darabi H, Beesley J, Droit A, Kar S, Nord S, Moradi Marjaneh M, et al.

Sci Rep, 2016 Sep 07;6:32512.
PMID: 27600471 DOI: 10.1038/srep32512

Genome-wide association studies have found SNPs at 17q22 to be associated with breast cancer risk. To identify potential causal variants related to breast cancer risk, we performed a high resolution fine-mapping analysis that involved genotyping 517 SNPs using a custom Illumina iSelect array (iCOGS) followed by imputation of genotypes for 3,134 SNPs in more than 89,000 participants of European ancestry from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We identified 28 highly correlated common variants, in a 53 Kb region spanning two introns of the STXBP4 gene, that are strong candidates for driving breast cancer risk (lead SNP rs2787486 (OR = 0.92; CI 0.90-0.94; P = 8.96 × 10(-15))) and are correlated with two previously reported risk-associated variants at this locus, SNPs rs6504950 (OR = 0.94, P = 2.04 × 10(-09), r(2) = 0.73 with lead SNP) and rs1156287 (OR = 0.93, P = 3.41 × 10(-11), r(2) = 0.83 with lead SNP). Analyses indicate only one causal SNP in the region and several enhancer elements targeting STXBP4 are located within the 53 kb association signal. Expression studies in breast tumor tissues found SNP rs2787486 to be associated with increased STXBP4 expression, suggesting this may be a target gene of this locus.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
Frequency and role of low molecular weight IgM in systemic lupus erythematosus. Study of patients from different ethnic origins

Roberts-Thomson PJ, Shepherd K, Bradley J, Boey ML

Rheumatol Int, 1990;10(3):95-8.
PMID: 2392640

Low molecular weight IgM (LMW IgM) is the monomeric subunit of the naturally occurring pentameric IgM. It is not seen in health but has been previously observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) particularly in those patients with active disease and may reflect an adverse prognostic finding. We have therefore studied the presence of LMW IgM in 33 Chinese or Malay SLE patients (Singapore) and 21 Caucasian patients (Adelaide). LMW IgM was measured using filtration chromatography or by a sensitive immunoblotting technique. LMW IgM was observed in all patients in the Adelaide group and in 32 patients in the Singapore group with slightly greater quantities being seen in the Adelaide group. LMW IgM constituted up to 15.3% of the total IgM and was frequently associated with the presence of other low molecular weight IgM oligomers. In both groups LMW IgM correlated significantly with the total IgM levels (P less than 0.01). In a more detailed study in the Singapore group LMW IgM also correlated significantly with the IgM anticardiolipin levels (P = 0.02) but not with IgG anticardiolipin or with IgG or IgM anti-DNA levels or with rheumatoid factor. Patients with more extensive organ involvement had higher levels of LMW IgM but not at a significant level. We conclude that circulating LMW IgM occurs almost universally in SLE, is closely related to the total IgM levels and appears independent of ethnic background. The significance of LMW IgM in this disorder is unclear.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Ethnic differences in normal spirometric lung function of Malaysian children

Azizi BH, Henry RL

Respir Med, 1994 May;88(5):349-56.
PMID: 8036303

Spirometric recordings of 1098 Malaysian children who were free of respiratory symptoms were examined by least square regression analysis of log-transformed lung function data. Ethnic differences were observed in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 independent of father's education, exposure to passive smoking, wood stove, kerosene stove and mosquito repellents, family history of chest illness and history of allergy, after adjusting for standing height, age and sex. Exposure to kerosene stove was significantly associated with reduced FVC and FEV1 indicating that environmental factors may impair lung function in symptomless children. Prediction equations were derived for each ethnic group and sex. Comparison with data from the literature showed that Malaysian children had lower lung function values than Caucasian children. Generally, Chinese children had higher FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75 than Malay and Indian children. Indian children consistently had the lowest lung function values. Since these ethnic differences were independent of environmental and other host factors, anthropometric variations could be an explanation.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
Fulltext Cultural modulation effects on the self-face advantage: Do Caucasians find their own faces faster than Chinese?

Lee JK, Gregson C, Janssen SM, Estudillo AJ

Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 2023 Aug;76(8):1724-1739.
PMID: 36394361 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221142158

The self-face advantage (SFA) is reflected through a faster recognition of a self-face compared with familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nevertheless, as Westerners and East Asians tend to present differences in self-concept styles, it is possible that the SFA is modulated by culture. The present study explored this possibility using a visual search task. British Caucasians and Malaysian Chinese participants were asked to search for frontal view images of self, friend, and unfamiliar faces among an array of unfamiliar faces. Regardless of race, participants were more accurate and faster in searching for the own face and friend's face compared with an unfamiliar face, with no differences in the search between the own and friend's face, and these findings could not be accounted by the cultural differences in self-concept (i.e., operationalised by scores from the Independent and Interdependent Self-Concept Scale and the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale). Altogether our results suggest that culture does not modulate the SFA and that this effect is better explained by a familiar face advantage.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group*
Fulltext Diabetes quality of life perception in a multiethnic population

Goh SG, Rusli BN, Khalid BA

Qual Life Res, 2015 Jul;24(7):1677-86.
PMID: 25492728 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0885-3

The aim of this study was to determine ethnic differences and predictors of the perception of quality of life (QOL) in a multiethnic Malaysian population with type 2 diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and its susceptibility to schizophrenia: a case-control study and meta-analysis

Loh HC, Tang PY, Tee SF, Chow TJ, Choong CY, Lim SY, et al.

Psychiatry Res, 2013 Jul 30;208(2):186-8.
PMID: 23489597 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.022

Neuregulin-1 is widely investigated due to its hypothesised association with schizophrenia. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs764059, rs2954041 and rs3924999 were investigated (417 patients with schizophrenia and 429 controls). We failed to demonstrate a significant association between rs2954041 and rs3924999 with schizophrenia in the three ethnic groups studied (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), while rs764059 was found to be monomorphic.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
Association of functional polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated regions of COMT, DISC1, and DTNBP1 with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Mohamed ZI, Tee SF, Tang PY

Psychiatr Genet, 2018 12;28(6):110-119.
PMID: 30252773 DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000210

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, various studies have accumulated evidence of the involvement of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in introns and exons in schizophrenia. The association of functional SNPs in the 3'-untranslated regions with schizophrenia has been explored in a number of studies, but the results are inconclusive because of limited meta-analyses. To systematically analyze the association between SNPs in 3'-untranslated regions and schizophrenia, we conducted a meta-analysis by combining all available studies on schizophrenia candidate genes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched candidate genes from the schizophrenia database and performed a comprehensive meta-analysis using all the available data up to August 2017. The association between susceptible SNPs and schizophrenia was assessed by the pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval using fixed-effect and random-effect models.
RESULTS: A total of 21 studies including 8291 cases and 9638 controls were used for meta-analysis. Three investigated SNPs were rs165599, rs3737597, and rs1047631 of COMT, DISC1, and DTNBP1, respectively. Our results suggested that rs3737597 showed a significant association with schizophrenia in Europeans (odds ratio: 1.584, P: 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.176-2.134) under a random-effect framework.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicated that rs3737597 of DISC1 was significantly associated with schizophrenia in Europeans, and it can be suggested as an ethnic-specific risk genetic factor.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
A comparison of smoking behaviour characteristics between Caucasian smokers in the United Kingdom and Malay smokers in Malaysia

Robson N, Bond A, Wolff K

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S8-10.
PMID: 23624111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.010

OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that smoking behaviour differs by ethnicity. This study aims to compare smoking behaviour characteristics between Caucasian and Malay smokers.
METHODS: A cross sectional survey, involving 175 smokers attending smoking cessation clinics at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom and University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between May 2005 and February 2007. Data on demographics, smoking history, nicotine dependence and smoking behaviour were collected.
RESULTS: All participants were males, mean age 30.7 ± 10.3 years. Caucasians initiated smoking significantly earlier (mean age 14.8 ± 2.8 years) (p = 0.001) and smoked regularly significantly earlier (mean age 17.3 ± 3.5) (p = 0.003) than Malays (mean starting age 16.9 ± 4.4 years and mean age regular use 19.5 ± 4.5 years), respectively. Caucasians smoked less for social integration than Malays (p = 0.03) but smoked more for regulation of negative affect than Malays (p = 0.008) and smoked more for hedonism than Malays (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Malays smoke as a means of socially integrating. This has important public health implications. Social reasons and the social environment play a role in smoking uptake, smoking maintenance and smoking cessation and this should be borne in mind for strategies planning to promote smoking cessation.
KEYWORDS: Behaviour; Caucasian; Character; Cigarette; Malay; Nicotine; Smoking

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology*; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Diabetes and related variables among the five main racial groups in South Africa: comparisons from population studies

Jackson WP

Postgrad Med J, 1972 Jul;48(561):391-8.
PMID: 5069893 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.48.561.391

We have investigated the total prevalence of diabetes and related factors among representative, randomly chosen samples of the five ethnic groups living in Cape Town, and (East) Indians in Durban. Comparisons are hindered by differences in age distribution of the populations, while small, isolated groups were found to be unrepresentative. The variability of a single individual's blood sugar levels led us to require at least three abnormal values on 2 different days for a positive diagnosis. The use of different criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes varying from ‘lax’ to ‘stringent’ alters the discovered prevalence in our groups by the factor of approximately 2.

Mean blood glucose levels rose with middle age but never between childhood and early adulthood. Afternoon screening tests appeared valid, despite the agreed diurnal difference in glucose tolerance figures.

Both high screening blood glucose levels and diabetes itself were most common among Indians and coloured people and least among Whites and Bantu, each of the latter having a total diabetes prevalence of approximately 3·5% over age 15. It is noted that the Cape Coloured have more diabetes than any of the constituent races from which they originated.

The reasons for such racial differences are unclear—obesity cannot be the explanation here, since, to take one example, the fattest group of all, the Bantu women, have the lowest prevalence of diabetes. We found mild diabetes not uncommon among young people under 20 in the Indian, Malay and coloured population but none among White or Bantu. There was little difference between the sexes, and if anything the poorer people had more diabetes than the better-off.

Matched MeSH terms: European Continental Ancestry Group

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