Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 72 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext UV-Curable Urethane Acrylate Resin from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
    Teo KT, Hassan A, Gan SN
    Polymers (Basel), 2018 Dec 11;10(12).
    PMID: 30961299 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121374
    Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), is a by-product of the crude palm oil refining process. It comprises mainly of free fatty acids-around 45% palmitic and 33% oleic acids-as the major components. Ultra-violet (UV) curable urethane acrylate (UA) oligomers could be synthesized from PFAD, by the following procedure. A hydroxyl terminated macromer was first prepared by reacting PFAD with a mixture of isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, neopentagylcol (NPG), and pentaerythritol. The macromer was then reacted with 2-hydroxylethylacrylate (2HEA) and toluene diisocynate (TDI) to generate a resin, containing acrylate side chains for UV curable application. A series of UA resins were prepared by using 15, 25, 45, 55, and 70% of PFAD, respectively. The UA resin has Mw in the range of 3,200 to 27,000. They could be cured by UV irradiation at an intensity of 225 mW/cm². Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured film was measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and hardness of the film was determined by a pendulum hardness tester, according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)4366. The resins were used in a wood-coating application. All of the cured films showed good adhesion, hardness, and chemical resistance except for the one using the 70% PFAD, which did not cure properly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  2. The occurrence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oils during frying
    Ahmad Tarmizi AH, Kuntom A
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2021 Jan 05.
    PMID: 33397128 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1865264
    3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) are processed-developed contaminants presence in vegetable oils after undergo refining process under excessive heat. Refined oils are extensively used in various frying applications, nevertheless, the reservation against their quality and safety aspects are of major concern to consumers and food industry. Realizing the importance to address these issues, this article deliberates an overview of published studies on the manifestation of 3-MCPDE and GE when vegetable oils undergo for frying process. With the modest number of published frying research associated to 3-MCPDE and GE, we confined our review from the perspectives of frying conditions, product properties, antioxidants and additives, pre-frying treatments and frying oil management. Simplicity of the frying process is often denied by the complexity of reactions occurred between oil and food which led to the development of unwanted contaminants. The behavior of 3-MCPDE and GE is closely related to physico-chemical characteristics of oils during frying. As such, relationships between 3-MCPDE and/or GE with frying quality indices - i.e. acidity in term of free fatty acid or acid value); secondary oxidation in term of p-anisidine value, total polar compounds and its fractions, and refractive index - were also discussed when oils were subjected under intermittent and continuous frying conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  3. Fulltext Palm pressed fibre oil: a new opportunity for premium hardstock?
    Neoh, B.K., Thang, Y.M., Zain, M.Z.M., Junaidi, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):769-773.
    MyJurnal
    Palm pressed fiber (PPF) is a by-product from oil extraction of oil palm fruits. It has unique characteristics resulting from the combination of palm mesocarp fiber, kernel shell and crushed kernel. The present study on different extraction methods for PPF indicated that conventional hexane cold extraction would be the more preferable method compared to soxhlet and reflux method due to the yield recovered (4.35%) and diacylglycerol (19.93% ± 0.07) obtained. Acylglycerol composition using cold extraction gave high Diaclyglycerol and Triacylglycerol (67.04% ± 0.05) with reasonable amount of Monoaclyglycerol / Free Fatty Acid (13.02% ± 0.02). Lauric acid which was not present in crude palm oil were found to be significant in PPF (5.89 to 9.09%), thus making this oil suitable for application in the food industry in products such as shortening and margarine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  4. Fulltext Effect of microwave heating with different exposure times on the degradation of corn oil
    Abbas Ali, Hadi Mesran, M., Nik Mahmood, N.A., Abd Latip, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):842-848.
    MyJurnal
    In the present work, the influence of microwave power and heating times on the quality
    degradation of corn oil was evaluated. Microwave heating test was carried out using a domestic
    microwave oven for different periods at low- and medium-power settings for the corn oil sample.
    The changes in physicochemical characteristics related to oil degradation of the samples during
    heating were determined by standard methods. In this study, refractive index, free fatty acid
    content, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX value, viscosity and total polar compound
    of the oils all increased with increasing heating power and time of exposure. In GLC analysis,
    the percentage of linoleic acid tended to decrease, whereas the percentage of palmitic, stearic
    and oleic acids increased. The C18:2/C16:0 ratio decreased in all oil samples with increasing
    heating times. Exposing the corn oil to various microwave power settings and heating periods
    caused the formation of hydroperoxides and secondary oxidation products. The heating reduced
    the various tocopherol isomers in corn oil and highest reduction was detected in γ-tocopherol.
    Longer microwave heating times resulted in a greater degree of oil deterioration. Microwave
    heating caused the formation of comparatively lower amounts of some degradative products in
    the oil samples heated at low-power setting compared to medium-power setting. The present
    analysis indicated that oil quality was affected by both microwave power and heating time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  5. Investigating the Mechanistic and Structural Role of Lipid Hydrolysis in the Stabilization of Ammonia-Preserved Hevea Rubber Latex
    Kumarn S, Churinthorn N, Nimpaiboon A, Sriring M, Ho CC, Takahara A, et al.
    Langmuir, 2018 10 30;34(43):12730-12738.
    PMID: 30335388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02321
    The stabilization mechanism of natural rubber (NR) latex from Hevea brasiliensis was studied to investigate the components involved in base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, namely, hydrolyzable lipids, ammonia, and the products responsible for the desired phenomenon observed in ammonia-preserved NR latex. Latex stability is generally thought to come from a rubber particle (RP) dispersion in the serum, which is encouraged by negatively charged species distributed on the RP surface. The mechanical stability time (MST) and zeta potential were measured to monitor field latices preserved in high (FNR-HA) and low ammonia (FNR-LA) contents as well as that with the ester-containing components removed (saponified NR) at different storage times. Amounts of carboxylates of free fatty acids (FFAs), which were released by the transformation and also hypothesized to be responsible for the like-charge repulsion of RPs, were measured as the higher fatty acid (HFA) number and corroborated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) both qualitatively and quantitatively. The lipids and their FFA products interact differently with Nile red, which is a lipid-selective and polarity-sensitive fluorophore, and consequently re-emit characteristically. The results were confirmed by conventional ester content determination utilizing different solvent extraction systems to reveal that the lipids hydrolyzed to provide negatively charged fatty acid species were mainly the polar lipids (glycolipids and phospholipids) at the RP membrane but not those directly linked to the rubber molecule and, to a certain extent, those suspended in the serum. From new findings disclosed herein together with those already reported, a new model for the Hevea rubber particle in the latex form is proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  6. Fulltext Oxidation and Polymerization of Triacylglycerols: In-Depth Investigations towards the Impact of Heating Profiles
    Khor YP, Hew KS, Abas F, Lai OM, Cheong LZ, Nehdi IA, et al.
    Foods, 2019 Oct 11;8(10).
    PMID: 31614487 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100475
    The stability of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein (RBDPO) was studied under controlled heating conditions. RBDPO was heated continuously for 24 h at 160, 170, and 180 °C, with oil sampled at four hour intervals. Thermo-oxidative alterations were measured through various parameters, such as monomeric oxidized triacylglycerols (oxTAG), total polar compounds (TPC), polymerized triacylglycerols (PTG), oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition. After 24 h of heating, the TPC and triacylglycerol oligomers showed a linear increase with heating time at all heating temperatures. At the end of the heating study, more epoxy acids were formed than keto and hydroxy acids. Moreover, caprylic acid, which was not present in fresh oil, was formed in significant amounts. The increase in oxTAG was strongly correlated with the increase in the p-anisidine value and total oxidation value. The decreases in diacylglycerol and free fatty acids were strongly correlated with an increase in PTG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  7. Frying quality of virgin coconut oil as affected by Zea mays extract
    Marina A, Wan Rosli WI, Neoh S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1311-1315.
    The effect of corn silk or Zea mays extract on the physicochemical changes of virgin coconut oil was studied during three consecutive days of deep frying. There were three types of oil blend systems used: virgin coconut oil without antioxidant as control system; virgin coconut oil with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic antioxidant and virgin coconut oil with Zea mays extract as natural antioxidant. The oil quality was assessed by measuring the colour, viscosity, peroxide, p-anisidine, free fatty acids, totox and iodine value. The results show that Zea mays extract delayed the oil deterioration. The Zea mays extract significantly (p<0.05) lowered the rate of oxidation in virgin coconut oil compared to control oil and was comparable to BHT. Zea mays extract did not change the sensory profiles of French fries which was shown by insignificant difference (p<0.05) between Zea mays and control fries for all sensory attributes (colour, taste, aroma, crispiness, oiliness and overall quality). In general, the Zea may extract was capable of extending the stability and quality of virgin coconut oil and therefore has potential as new source of natural antioxidant for use in deep frying.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  8. Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed oil
    Jumat Salimon, Dina Azleema Mohd Noor, Nazrizawati A, Mohd Firdaus M, Noraishah A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    The crude oil of Malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. seed was extracted by Soxhlet method using hexane. The physicochemical characteristics of castor bean oil were evaluated. The results showed that Malaysian castor seeds contain a relatively high percentage of total lipids content; 43.3% (per dry weight), high iodine value (84.5 mg/g) and saponification value (182.96 mg/g). The seed oil moisture content, acid value and free fatty acid percentage (% FFA) were 0.2%, 4.88 mg/g and 3.4%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) content were 97.5% of the total fatty acids composition. Ricinoleic acid comprises over 84% while other fatty acids present were linoleic (7.3%), oleic (5.5%), palmitic (1.3%), stearic (1.2%) and linolenic (0.5%), respectively. Five types of castor bean seed oil triacylglycerols were identified as triricinolein, RRR (84.1%), diricinoleoylstearoylglycerol, RRS (8.2%), diricinoleoyloleoyl-glycerol, RRO (5.6%), diricinoleoyllinoleoylglycerol, RRL (1.2%) and diricinoleoylpalmitoyl-glycerol, RRP (0.9%) respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  9. Effect of microwave heating on oxidative degradation of sunflower oil in the presence of palm olein
    Abbas Ali M, Bamalli Nouruddeen Z, Ida I. Muhamad, Abd Latip R, Hidayu Othman N
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1189-1195.
    The aim of this study was to evaluate on how heat treatments by microwave oven may affect the oxidative degradation of sunflower oil (SFO) and its blend with palm olein (Po). The blend was prepared in the volume ratio of 40:60 (Po: SFO, PSF). The samples were exposed to microwave heating at medium power setting, for different periods. In this study, refractive index, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total oxidation (Tomx), specific extinction, viscosity, polymer content, polar compounds and food oil sensor value of the oils all increased, whereas iodine value and C 18:21C16:0 ratio decreased as microwave heating progressed. Microwave heating temperature increased with increasing heating time and longer heating times resulted in a greater degree of oil deterioration. The percentage of linoleic acid tended to decrease, whereas the percentage of palmitic acid increased. The effect of adding PO to SFO on the formation of free fatty acids and conjugated dienes during microwave treatment was not significant (p< 0.05). No significant differences in food oil sensor value was observed between SFO and PSF. Based on the most oxidative stability criteria, it can be concluded that the microwave heating caused the formation of comparatively lower amounts of oxidation products in PSF compared to SFO, indicating a lower extent of oxidative degradation of PSF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  10. Impact of pandan leaf etract addition on the oxidative degradation of sunflower oil during microwave heating
    M. Abbas Ali, Rafiqqah binti Mohamad Sabri, Khu Say Li, Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1159-1166.
    The efficacy of pandan leaf extract (PLE) addition on the oxidative degradation of sunflower oil (SFO) during microwave heating was studied. 80% of methanol extract showed better antioxidant action than the 100% methanol or ethanol extract and the total phenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and linoleic acid system of PLE were found to be 1845.50 mg GAE/100 g, 60.62-89.87% and 82.21%, respectively. 80% of methanolic extracts at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt. %) were added to SFO. The antioxidant treated and control oil samples were subjected to microwave heating and were analyzed at regular intervals for the extent of oxidative changes following the measurements of peroxide value, p-anisidine value, TOTOX, free fatty acid, specific extinction, iodine value, viscosity, polar compounds and fatty acid composition. The PLE were found to be quite effective towards suppressing the primary and secondary oxidation products in the tested oil. The order of effectiveness (p<0.05) was BHA > 0.4% PLE > 0.2% PLE > 0.1% PLE > control. The present results suggested that antioxidant extract from pandan leaf might be used to protect vegetable oils from oxidation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  11. Fulltext Oxidative stability of sunflower oils supplemented with kenaf seeds extract, roselle seeds extract and roselle extract, respectively under accelerated storage
    Nyam, K.L., Wong, M.M., Long, K., Tan, C.P.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):695-701.
    MyJurnal
    With the concern of adverse effects of lipid oxidation on food deterioration and human health, the antioxidant activities of kenaf seed extracts (KSE), roselle seed extracts (RSE) and roselle extracts (RE) were evaluated by comparing its oxidative stability in refined, bleached & deodorised (RBD) sunflower oils with that of in synthetic antioxidant, BHA. Established methods such as peroxide values (PV), p-anisidine values (AV), TOTOX values, free fatty acids (FFA), iodine values (IV), total phenolic contents (TPC), conjugated dienes (CD) and conjugated triene (CT) were employed to assess the extent of oil deterioration. During 24 days storage, consensus was accomplished based on the results assessed by PV, TOTOX, CD, CT, IV and TPC at which the antioxidant activities of KSE, RSE and RE were better than BHA. Surprisingly, the results obtained by AV and FFA assays showed the reversed. Among the extracts, RSE exhibited the best antioxidant activities. These suggest that KSE, RSE and RE may be used as potential source of natural antioxidants in the application of food industry to prevent lipid oxidation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  12. Fulltext 13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA) and metabolic flux ratio analysis of Lactococcus lactis reveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP) pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses
    Azizan KA, Ressom HW, Mendoza ER, Baharum SN
    PeerJ, 2017;5:e3451.
    PMID: 28695065 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3451
    Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations, L. lactis is constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response of L. lactis to several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level of in vivo fluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism, 13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism of L. lactis when subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C) and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm). Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs) and free fatty acids (FAAs) were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r) was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA). Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability of L. lactis' central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate (PYR) reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA) in L. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering in L. lactis. Overall, the integration of systematic analysis of amino acids and flux ratio analysis provides a systems-level understanding of how L. lactis regulates central metabolism under various conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  13. Fulltext α-Mangostin Improves Glucose Uptake and Inhibits Adipocytes Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells via PPARγ, GLUT4, and Leptin Expressions
    Taher M, Mohamed Amiroudine MZ, Tengku Zakaria TM, Susanti D, Ichwan SJ, Kaderi MA, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:740238.
    PMID: 25873982 DOI: 10.1155/2015/740238
    Obesity has been often associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The development of obesity is also accompanied by significant differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the activity of α-mangostin, a major xanthone component isolated from the stem bark of G. malaccensis, on glucose uptake and adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells focusing on PPARγ, GLUT4, and leptin expressions. α-Mangostin was found to inhibit cytoplasmic lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation. Cells treated with 50 μM of α-mangostin reduced intracellular fat accumulation dose-dependently up to 44.4% relative to MDI-treated cells. Analyses of 2-deoxy-D-[(3)H] glucose uptake activity showed that α-mangostin significantly improved the glucose uptake (P < 0.05) with highest activity found at 25 μM. In addition, α-mangostin increased the amount of free fatty acids (FFA) released. The highest glycerol release level was observed at 50 μM of α-mangostin. qRT-PCR analysis showed reduced lipid accumulation via inhibition of PPARγ gene expression. Induction of glucose uptake and free fatty acid release by α-mangostin were accompanied by increasing mRNA expression of GLUT4 and leptin. These evidences propose that α-mangostin might be possible candidate for the effective management of obesity in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
  14. Problems, control, and treatment of fat, oil, and grease (FOG): a review
    Husain IA, Alkhatib MF, Jammi MS, Mirghani ME, Bin Zainudin Z, Hoda A
    J Oleo Sci, 2014;63(8):747-52.
    PMID: 25007744
    Presence of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in wastewater is an ever-growing concern to municipalities and solid-waste facility operators. FOG enters the sewer system from restaurants, residences, and industrial food facilities. Its release into the sewer system results in a continuous build-up that causes eventual blockage of sewer pipes. Several researchers have investigated FOG deposition based on the local conditions of sewers and lifestyle. This paper attempts to review the physical and chemical characteristics of FOG, sources of FOG, and potential chemical and biological reactions of FOG. The effect of the aforementioned factors on the FOG-deposition mechanism is also discussed. Moreover, insight into the current control and treatment methods and potential reuse of FOG is highlighted. It is expected that this review would provide scientists and the concerned authorities a holistic view of the recent researches on FOG control, treatment, and reuse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/analysis
  15. Effect of high saturated free fatty acids feeding on progression of renal failure in rat model of experimental nephrotoxicity
    Ibraheem ZO, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Rathore HA, Johns EJ
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2012 Feb;12(1):26-32.
    PMID: 22364300
    The current study evaluates the impact of high saturated fat feeding in rat model of experimental nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 g were randomized into four groups; the first one received the standard rodents chow for 8 weeks and was treated as control, the second group (HFD)received an experimental high fat diet rich in palm kernel oil (40% of Calories as fat) for the same period. The third group (HFDG) was given 80 mg/kg (body weight)/day gentamicin sulphate intraperitoneally during the last 24 days of the feeding period while the fourth group was given gentamicin as above along with the standard rodents chow. Renal function was assessed through measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and absolute and fractional excretion of both sodium and potassium. At the end, rats underwent a surgical procedure for blood pressure measurement. Renal function study showed a stronger nephrotoxicity for HFDG group. Hypertension was observed in HFD group while the pressure declined after gentamicin co-administration. Overall, changing the feeding behavior toward using more SAFFAs for rats injected with gentamicin promotes the progression of renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/administration & dosage*
  16. Fulltext Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil toxicity effect and Linamarin compound analysis
    Salimon J, Abdullah BM, Salih N
    Lipids Health Dis, 2012;11:74.
    PMID: 22694753 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-11-74
    The lipid fraction of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (kunth. Muell)) seed was extracted and analyzed for toxicological effect. The toxicological compound such as linamarin in rubber seed oil (RSO) extracted using different solvents, such as hexane (RSOh), mixture of chloroform + methanol (RSOchl+mth) and ethanol (RSOeth) were also studied. Various methods analysis such as Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and colorimetric methods were carried out to determine the present of such compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/chemistry
  17. Conformational properties of serum albumin binding sites in rats with different behaviour in the open field test
    Gryzunov YA, Koplik EV, Smolina NV, Kopaeva LB, Dobretsov GE, Sudakov KV
    Stress, 2006 Mar;9(1):53-60.
    PMID: 16753933
    In this study, the hypothesis was tested that behaviour of rats under the open field test condition and effects of subsequent acute stress relate to conformational properties of the main plasma carrier protein, albumin.To evaluate albumin properties, fluorescence intensity of a molecular probe CAPIDAN (N-carboxyphenylimide of dimethylaminonaphthalic acid) at N (at pH 7.4) and F (at pH 4.2) albumin conformations was measured and the N-F signal ratio was calculated. The data obtained showed that CAPIDAN fluoresces selectively from albumin in rat serum and its fluorescence is sensitive to binding of fatty acids and some other ligands to albumin. Behaviour of 78 Wistar male rats was characterized from the fraction of time taken for exploratory and ambulatory activity during the open field test. In rats not subjected to stress (n = 40), a negative correlation was revealed between open field activity and CAPIDAN N-to-F ratio for albumin (r = - 0.55, p < 0.0005). In the group of rats subjected to acute stress (immobilization plus stochastic electrocutaneous stimulation) the correlation between behavioural activity and the albumin conformational properties was significantly positive (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001): the CAPIDAN albumin fluorescence ratio increased in the highly active rats and decreased in the low-activity rats. The mechanisms of the observed effects may involve differences in nonesterified fatty acid production during stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood*
  18. The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds and its emulsions
    Zarnowski R, Jaromin A, Certik M, Czabany T, Fontaine J, Jakubik T, et al.
    Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2008 11 13;59(5-6):321-6.
    PMID: 18998394
    The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oil-in-water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/analysis
  19. Impact of phytosterol supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Fatahi S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Talaei S, Mardali F, Rahmani J, Ghaedi E, et al.
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2019 11;29(11):1168-1175.
    PMID: 31582198 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.011
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although some earlier studies have indicated the effect of phytosterol (PS) supplementation on serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, findings are still conflicting. We aimed to assess the impact of PS supplementation on serum Lp(a) and FFA concentration through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available RCTs.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic search of all available RCTs conducted up to 21 February 2019 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The choice of fixed- or random-effect model for analysis was determined according to the I2 statistic. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Pooling of 12 effect sizes from seven articles revealed a significant reduction of Lp(a) levels following PS supplementation (MD: -0.025 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.045, -0.004, p = 0.017) without significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.599). Also, PS supplementation significantly lowered FFA (MD: -0.138 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.195, -0.081, p = 0.000) without significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.911). The results for meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were not significant.

    CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that oral PS supplementation could cause a significant reduction in serum Lp(a) and FFA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood*
  20. Fulltext Preliminary Large Scale Mitigation of 3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Palm Oil
    Ramli MR, Tarmizi AHA, Hammid ANA, Razak RAA, Kuntom A, Lin SW, et al.
    J Oleo Sci, 2020 Aug 06;69(8):815-824.
    PMID: 32641608 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20021
    Approximately 900 tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) underwent washing using 5 to 10% hot water (90 to 95°C) at a palm oil mill. The aim of the CPO washing was to eliminate and/or reduce total chlorine content present in the conventional CPO, as it is known as the main precursor for the formation of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters (3-MCPDE). By a simple hot water washing, more than 85% of the total chlorine was removed. However, washing did not have significant (p > 0.05) effect on other oil quality parameters such as the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI), free fatty acid (FFA) content and diacylglycerol (DAG) content of the oil. The latter has been established as the main precursor for glycidyl esters (GE) formation. The treated CPO was then transported using tankers and further refined at a commercial refinery. Refining of washed CPO resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower formation of 3-MCPDE, but GE content remained slightly high. Post-treatment of refined oil significantly reduced the GE content (p < 0.05) to an acceptable level whilst almost maintaining the low 3-MCPDE level. The study has proven that water washing of CPO prior to refining and subsequent post-refining is so far the most effective way to produce good quality refined oil with considerably low 3-MCPDE and GE contents. Dry fractionation of refined palm oil showed these contaminants partitioned more into the liquid olein fraction compared to the stearin fraction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/analysis
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links