MyMedR

Fulltext A Rare Cause of Acute Kidney Injury: Primary Renal Lymphoma in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Mustafar R, Kamaruzaman L, Chien BH, Yahaya A, Mohd Nasir N, Mohd R, et al.

Case Rep Med, 2018;2018:8425985.

PMID: 30186328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8425985

We reported a case of primary renal lymphoma (PRL) presented with non-oliguric acute kidney injury and bilateral kidney infiltrates in an individual with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Acute kidney injury secondary to lymphoma infiltrates is very rare (less than 1% of hematological malignancy). A 37-year-old gentleman with underlying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease was on combined antiretroviral therapy since diagnosis. He presented to our center with uremic symptoms and gross hematuria. Clinically, bilateral kidneys massively enlarged and were ballotable. Blood investigations showed hemoglobin of 3.7 g/L, urea of 65.6 mmol/L, and serum creatinine of 1630 µmol/L with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. An urgent hemodialysis was initiated, and he was dependent on regular hemodialysis subsequently. Computed tomography renal scan showed diffuse nonenhancing hypodense lesion in both renal parenchyma. Diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with germinal center type, CD20 positive, and proliferative index 95% was confirmed via renal biopsy, and there was no bone marrow infiltrates. Unfortunately, the patient succumbs prior to initiation of chemotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography

Fulltext A Systematic Literature Review of 3D Deep Learning Techniques in Computed Tomography Reconstruction

Rahman H, Khan AR, Sadiq T, Farooqi AH, Khan IU, Lim WH

Tomography, 2023 Dec 05;9(6):2158-2189.

PMID: 38133073 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9060169

Computed tomography (CT) is used in a wide range of medical imaging diagnoses. However, the reconstruction of CT images from raw projection data is inherently complex and is subject to artifacts and noise, which compromises image quality and accuracy. In order to address these challenges, deep learning developments have the potential to improve the reconstruction of computed tomography images. In this regard, our research aim is to determine the techniques that are used for 3D deep learning in CT reconstruction and to identify the training and validation datasets that are accessible. This research was performed on five databases. After a careful assessment of each record based on the objective and scope of the study, we selected 60 research articles for this review. This systematic literature review revealed that convolutional neural networks (CNNs), 3D convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs), and deep learning reconstruction (DLR) were the most suitable deep learning algorithms for CT reconstruction. Additionally, two major datasets appropriate for training and developing deep learning systems were identified: 2016 NIH-AAPM-Mayo and MSCT. These datasets are important resources for the creation and assessment of CT reconstruction models. According to the results, 3D deep learning may increase the effectiveness of CT image reconstruction, boost image quality, and lower radiation exposure. By using these deep learning approaches, CT image reconstruction may be made more precise and effective, improving patient outcomes, diagnostic accuracy, and healthcare system productivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods

A Two Layer Sparse Autoencoder for Glaucoma Identification with Fundus Images

Raghavendra U, Gudigar A, Bhandary SV, Rao TN, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR

J Med Syst, 2019 Jul 30;43(9):299.

PMID: 31359230 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1427-x

Glaucoma is a type of eye condition which may result in partial or consummate vision loss. Higher intraocular pressure is the leading cause for this condition. Screening for glaucoma and early detection can avert vision loss. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) is an automated process with the potential to identify glaucoma early through quantitative analysis of digital fundus images. Preparing an effective model for CAD requires a large database. This study presents a CAD tool for the precise detection of glaucoma using a machine learning approach. An autoencoder is trained to determine effective and important features from fundus images. These features are used to develop classes of glaucoma for testing. The method achieved an F - measure value of 0.95 utilizing 1426 digital fundus images (589 control and 837 glaucoma). The efficacy of the system is evident, and is suggestive of its possible utility as an additional tool for verification of clinical decisions.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods*

Fulltext A case of Dandy Walker cyst with porencephaly

Ramasamy SP, Chandrasekaran S, Jayakumar CR, Mallick AS

Singapore Med J, 1992 Apr;33(2):196-7.

PMID: 1621130

A 27-year-old gravida two para one mother delivered a term male baby by caesarean section. The baby was referred for enlarged head. This neonate with large head was found to have Porencephalic cyst with dilated Triventricular system. There was a posterior fossa cyst communicating with fourth ventricle. A diagnosis of Dandy Walker Cyst with Porencephaly was made. Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt was done on the ninth day of life. The baby had an uneventful postoperative period and was subsequently discharged.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A case of cardiac arrest due to air embolism during scoliosis surgery

Haji Mohd Amin MZ, Beng JTB, Young BTY, Faruk Seman NA, Ching TS, Chek WC

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2019 4 9;27(2):2309499019840083.

PMID: 30955449 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019840083

Cardiac arrest during scoliosis surgery is rare in idiopathic scoliosis. We present a case of cardiorespiratory collapse during corrective surgery in a young patient with idiopathic scoliosis. A diagnosis of venous air embolism was made by exclusion. A cardiorespiratory resuscitation was performed in supine position. Patient recovered without any sequelae and had operation completed 6 weeks later.

Matched MeSH terms: Computed Tomography Angiography

Fulltext A case of closed loop small bowel obstruction within a strangulated incisional hernia in association with an acute gastric volvulus

Kosai NR, Gendeh HS, Noorharisman M, Sutton PA, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2014;57(2):83-6.

PMID: 25257156 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2014.45

Small bowel obstruction is a common clinical problem presenting with abdominal distention, colicky pain, absolute constipation and bilious vomiting. There are numerous causes, most commonly attributed to an incarcerated hernia, adhesions or obstructing mass secondary to malignancy. Here we present an unusual cause of a small bowel obstruction secondary to an incarcerated incisional hernia in association with an acute organoaxial gastric volvulus.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of cough induced rib fracture with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax

Shukri WNA, Ng VH, Ismail AK

Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):551-552.

PMID: 31929488

Coughing is an important reflex mechanism which enhances the clearance of secretions and particulates from the airways, however repetitive muscle strain due to prolonged coughing may cause the uncommon complication of stress fracture of the ribs. The following is an unusual case of cough induced multiple rib fractures associated with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax which was missed in the emergency setting. Delayed diagnosis and treatment would have been avoided if this uncommon condition was considered as a possibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis with multiple angiomyolipomas in the kidneys: a case report

How, S.H., Azlin, S., Pang, Y.K., Liam, C.K.

JUMMEC, 2006;9(2):35-38.

MyJurnal

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease. The reported prevalence is around one per million in the West but the exact prevalence in Asia is unknown. It affects primarily young women of reproductive age, with a mean age of onset at 34 years. The disease is characterised by an abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells that grow over a course of time to obstruct airways, lymphatic and blood vessels. We report a case of LAM in a young woman who presented with a spontaneous pneumothorax. Computed tomography scan of the thorax and abdomen showed homogenous thin-walled cystic lesions with normal intervening lung parenchyma and multiple lesions in her kidneys with Hounsfield units similar to that of fat.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography

A case of missed blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI)

Nik Azlan NM, Rossman H

Med J Malaysia, 2017 06;72(3):193-194.

PMID: 28733569 MyJurnal

We are reporting a case of missed blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI). A 28 year male presented with chest pain following a motor vehicle accident. He was discharged following normal clinical signs and chest radiograph. The following day he complained of lower limb weakness. Traumatic aortic dissection was revealed via computer tomography (CT) of the thorax. BTAI cannot be ruled out with normal clinical signs and chest radiograph alone. CT thorax is mandatory to rule out BTAI in high impact chest injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A case of missed giant bullae emphysema diagnosed as pneumothorax

Ong, S.F., Nik Azlan, N.M.

Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):90-93.

MyJurnal

We report a case of a giant bullous emphysema misdiagnosed as a pneumothorax. A 18-year-old chronic smoker presented with right sided chest pain and dyspnoea. Initial respiratory rate was 35 /min, blood pressure was 136/90 mmHg, heart rate 80/min and SpO2 was 98% on room air. Clinical examination revealed reduced right air entry and left trachea deviation. Chest X-ray helped to arrive at a diagnosis of pneumothorax. Needle aspiration was then performed followed by a chest tube thoracostomy because of no improvement. Massive amount of blood was drained and patient deteriorated further. CT thorax revealed a right haemopneumothorax with multiple bullaes. Patient was rushed to OT for emergency thoracotomy for stapling of the ruptured bullae. Giant bullous emphysema can mimic pneumothorax and physician must be vigilant if draining a suspected pneumothorax.
Keywords: emphysema, haemopneumothorax, thoracostomy, thorax

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A case of missed thoracic fracture masquerading as intra-abdominal injury

Amin,O., Nik Azlan, N.M., Afliza, A.B.

Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):127-130.

MyJurnal

Altered mental status in the setting of polytrauma poses a challenge to the emergency team managing the patient. The tendency to miss positive findings in these circumstances increases several folds due to multiple factors such as depressed mental status/intoxication, presence of distracting injuries and concurrent life-threatening injuries that require more urgent attention. In view of this, NEXUS (National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study) criteria of clearing the cervical spine was adopted and used worldwide. Consensus on clearance of the other parts of spine is still lacking. This case reports highlights the findings in a 18-yrs-old male who presented with altered mental status, facial pain and abrasion, following a motor vehicle accident. Facial bone fracture was diagnosed and he was discharged. Three days later, he came with severe epigastric pain. Tenderness on palpation was noted at the spine and Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done. Multiple thoracic vertebra fractures were seen. As a conclusion, thorough primary and secondary survey should be done in patients who have regained full consciousness prior to discharge in order to avoid overlooking other serious injuries.
Keywords: altered, CT scan, fracture, mental status, thoracic vertebra

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of mycotic aneurysm due to Burkholderia pseudomallei

Ding CH, Hussin S, Tzar MN, Rahman MM, Ramli SR

Pak J Med Sci, 2013 Apr;29(2):666-8.

PMID: 24353601

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an free-living gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis and is endemic in Southeast Asia. A 56-year-old diabetic construction worker with a 1-month history of abdominal pain and 1-day history of high-grade fever was found to have a left non-dissecting infrarenal mycotic aortic aneurysm by abdominal computerized tomography scan. Bacteriological examination of his blood yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei. The patient was treated with right axillo-bifemoral bypass with excision of aneurysm and high-dose intravenous ceftazidime for two weeks, followed by oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and oral doxycycline for a minimum of five months.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography

Fulltext A case of primary pleural synovial sarcoma with endobronchial recurrence

Wan JL, Lam YF, Foong KW, Abdul Ghani N, Lachmanan K

Respirol Case Rep, 2020 Apr;8(3):e00547.

PMID: 32166036 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.547

Primary pleural synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is an extremely rare malignancy without a known cause. The diagnosis is made after excluding metastasis from an extra-thoracic sarcoma. We report a case of a 67-year-old gentleman who presented with an incidental finding of a left lung mass on a routine chest X-ray. A computed tomography (CT) of the thorax and whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)-CT was done confirming a left lung mass with no other extra-thoracic involvement. A lobectomy was performed with a diagnostic and therapeutic intent. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry study revealed a pleural-based tumour with features suggestive of synovial sarcoma. Subsequently, he underwent post-operative radiotherapy. However, three months later, he developed an endobronchial recurrence, complicated by post-obstructive pneumonia resulting in his demise. This case highlights a rare form of malignancy with a rare site of recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography

Fulltext A case of rectal cancers in teenager: A conundrum of genetics and clinical medicine

Kumar M, Tata MD, Sahid Nik Lah NA

Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 May;65:102353.

PMID: 34007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102353

Introduction: Signet cell carcinoma (SRCC)of the rectum is a rare subtype of the rectum cancer which accounts for only 0.8% of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) which spread aggressively to other organs and peritoneum.

Case presentation: We present a case of 15-year-old boy from rural area, presented with chronic diarrhea and per rectal bleeding for 3 months. The diagnosis was determined by colonoscope which revealed a fungating mass identified at 10cm from anal verge. Histological examination confirmed diagnosis of signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. CT scan of the abdomen showed thickening involving the recto-sigmoid colon and rectal mass, without evidence of distant metastatic disease. The patient's carcinoembryonic antigen level was within the normal range. He underwent a colostomy and was subjected to neoadjuvant CCRT and surgery.

Discussion: This CASE highlights the importance and challenges in achieving early diagnosis and surgical intervention of signet-ring cell carcinoma in adolescents, as most cases are detected at an advanced stage coupled with the scarcity of information on these rarer subtypes which leads to a poor prognosis.

Conclusion: In managing Signet cell carcinoma of the colorectal, physician have to know that it has a poor prognosis in patients of any age. However, in young teenagers delayed diagnosis and treatment option are narrowed to palliative management. Genetic profiling of family members and similar environment population may be a key to early detection.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A case report of gastric volvulus, a rare cause of acute abdomen

Qader AQ, Abdul Hamid H

Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Jul;16(7):1907-1911.

PMID: 34093935 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.059

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon disorder with an unknown incidence, unless it stays in the back of the diagnostician's mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed and can present either in the acute or chronic setting with variable symptoms. When it occurs in the acute scenario, patients present with severe epigastric pain and retching without vomiting. Together with inability to pass nasogastric tube, they constitute Borchardt's triad. The presence of a hiatal hernia with persistent vomiting despite initial antiemetic treatment should trigger one to think of gastric volvulus, despite the patient appearing very stable. We report a case which presented in our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. As Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy shows hiatal hernia and peptic ulcer. Primary gastric volvulus occurs in the absence of any defect in the diaphragm or adjacent organ pathology and may be caused by weakening of gastric supports. As conclusion; Gastric volvulus is a surgical case, requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management, as a delay results into complications like gangrene and perforation which substantially increase the morbidity and mortality in these patients, and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the best modality for diagnosis of gastric volvulus.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography

Fulltext A case report of pyomyoma: radiological diagnosis of a potentially fatal complication of uterine leiomyoma.

Mubarak, M.Y., Noordini, M.D.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2008;7(2):63-65.

MyJurnal

Pyomyoma (suppurative leiomyoma) is a rare complication of uterine leiomyoma. It results from infarction and infection of a leiomyoma. It may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties with potential complications such as bacteraemia, uterine rupture, compressive effect to adjacent structures and even death. We report a case of pyomyoma based on the Ultrasound (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) findings and literature review on the subject.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case report on allopurinol induced crystalline maculopathy

Cheah CK, Vijaya Singham N, Gun SC

Int J Rheum Dis, 2017 Dec;20(12):2253-2255.

PMID: 26864240 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12827

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Optical Coherence

A case series of adult intussusception managed laparoscopically

Siow SL, Mahendran HA

Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2014 Aug;24(4):327-31.

PMID: 24732742 DOI: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000006

Adult intussusception is rare, representing only 1% to 5% of bowel obstructions. This is a case series of 8 patients who presented with intestinal obstruction secondary to intussusception managed laparoscopically at our institution.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A child with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour of the posterior cranial fossa

Rahmat K, Kua CH, Ramli N

Singapore Med J, 2008 Dec;49(12):e365-8.

PMID: 19122937

Primary central nervous system (CNS) atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRT) are highly malignant neoplasms which usually present in infancy or early childhood. Although ATRT may arise anywhere within the CNS, the majority (approximately two-thirds) arise in the cerebellum or posterior fossa, and the remainder in the cerebrum. We described the imaging characteristics of CNS ATRT in the posterior cranial fossa of a 14-month-old boy.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fulltext A clinically silent tumour of adrenal myelolipoma: A case report

Azizan N, Myint O, Wynn AA, Thein TT, Hayati F, Nik Lah NAS

Int J Surg Case Rep, 2020;72:63-65.

PMID: 32506033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.05.056

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functional, benign neoplasm which is constituted of mature haematopoietic elements and adipose tissues in various proportions. It is diagnosed accidentally and frequently with the widespread use of imaging modalities.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a 63-year-old lady with incidental findings of adrenal tumour on computed tomography (CT) scan during a routine medical check-up. She underwent tumour resection in view of a large tumour of 7 cm in size.

DISCUSSION: CT scan is sensitive to diagnose adrenal myelolipoma in view of its fat-laden property and useful to monitor the tumour progress. Even previously she opted for conservative management; the decision for surgery was made in view of enlarging tumour and risk of surrounding tissue compression.

CONCLUSION: With increased awareness, the detection rate of this tumour is improving, hence able to prevent the complications of a large tumour such as compression, bleeding and tumour necrosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1491 in total