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Fulltext Historical and current distribution ranges and loss of mega-herbivores and carnivores of Asia

Mahmood T, Vu TT, Campos-Arceiz A, Akrim F, Andleeb S, Farooq M, et al.

PeerJ, 2021;9:e10738.
PMID: 33628635 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10738

Ecosystem functioning is dependent a lot on large mammals, which are, however, vulnerable and facing extinction risks due to human impacts mainly. Megafauna of Asia has been declining for a long, not only in numbers but also in their distribution ranges. In the current study, we collected information on past and current occurrence and distribution records of Asia's megafauna species. We reconstructed the historical distribution ranges of the six herbivores and four carnivores for comparison with their present ranges, to quantify spatially explicit levels of mega-defaunation. Results revealed that historically the selected megafauna species were more widely distributed than at current. Severe range contraction was observed for the Asiatic lion, three rhino species, Asian elephant, tigers, and tapirs. Defaunation maps generated have revealed the vanishing of megafauna from parts of the East, Southeast, and Southwest Asia, even some protected Areas losing up to eight out of ten megafaunal species. These defaunation maps can help develop future conservation policies, to save the remaining distribution ranges of large mammals.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext The possible culprit of obesity in malaysia – pisang goreng

Tan Jia Yi

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(3):65-66.
MyJurnal

Obesity has become a global health issue, not to mention Malaysia, which topped over the list of countries in Asia. On World Health Day in 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that 64% of the male population and 65% of the female population in Malaysia are either obese or overweight1. The ringing of alarm is tremendously loud in the silence. Depending on each of us, this can be an issue that we laugh over or a kind but severe urge for us to take a step backwards, observe, and self-reflect.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan students

Nor ‘Afifah Zahari, Aliza Haslinda Hamirudin, Noor Ezailina Badarudin

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):499-506.
MyJurnal

Malaysian is one of the highest sugar consumers in the Asia Pacific region. There has been no available report quantifying sugar intake among Malaysian until Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey
(MANS) 2003 study was done. However, data concerning sugar consumption among university students is scarce. This study was conducted to assess sugar sweetened beverages intake among International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan students. A total of 42 of IIUM Kuantan students was recruited by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of 3 days
food record was distributed to all participants as a tool for data collection. Food record was analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro software prior to statistical analysis with SPSS version 12.0. P value was set as p

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext Development and validation of the malay premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (MAPET): a two-phase study

Arasalingam, Shamini, Chong, Yew Siong, Hatta Sidi, Ng, Chong Guan, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Marhani Midin, et al.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(1):37-46.
MyJurnal

Introduction: A validated diagnostic questionnaire is needed in the South-East Asia region, particularly in Malaysia to detect Premature Ejaculation (PE). The objective of this study was to determine the linguistic validity of the Malay Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (MAPET). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a teaching hospital. The first phase involved experts’ group discussions to develop the face, content, and factorial validity of the MAPET. The second phase measured the concurrent validity of MAPET. Results: We found that the MAPET has specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 79.3%, 92%, 76.7% and 93.1%, respectively in the assessment of PE. The higher score indicates severity of PE. Conclusions: MAPET is a valid self-report instrument for the assessment of PE.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext The emergence of Miocene reefs in South China Sea and its resilient adaptability under varying eustatic, climatic and oceanographic conditions

Mathew M, Makhankova A, Menier D, Sautter B, Betzler C, Pierson B

Sci Rep, 2020 04 28;10(1):7141.
PMID: 32346046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64119-9

During the Miocene, extensive carbonate deposition thrived over wide latitudinal ranges in Southeast Asia despite perturbations of the global climate and thermohaline circulation that affected the Asian continent. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of its emergence, adaptability in siliciclastic-dominated margins and demise, especially in southern South China Sea (SCS), are largely speculative and remains enigmatic along with a scarcity of constraints on paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic conditions. Here we show, through newly acquired high-resolution geophysical data and accurate stratigraphic records based on strontium isotopic dating, the evolution of these platforms from ~15.5-9.5 Ma is initially tied to tectonics and eustasy, and ultimately, after ~9.5 Ma, to changes in the global climate patterns and consequent palaeoceanographic conditions. Our results demonstrate at least two paleodeltas that provided favourable substratum of elevated sand bars, which conditioning the emergence of the buildups that inadvertently mirrored the underlying strata. We show unprecedented evidences for ocean current fluctuations linked to the intensification of the Asian summer monsoon winds resulting in the formation of drifts and moats, which extirpated the platforms through sediment removal and starvation. This work highlights the imperative role of palaeoceanography in creating favourable niches for reefal development that can be applicable to carbonate platforms elsewhere.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria as an Emerging Tool to Manage Bacterial Rice Pathogens

Ngalimat MS, Mohd Hata E, Zulperi D, Ismail SI, Ismail MR, Mohd Zainudin NAI, et al.

Microorganisms, 2021 Mar 26;9(4).
PMID: 33810209 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040682

As a major food crop, rice (Oryza sativa) is produced and consumed by nearly 90% of the population in Asia with less than 9% produced outside Asia. Hence, reports on large scale grain losses were alarming and resulted in a heightened awareness on the importance of rice plants' health and increased interest against phytopathogens in rice. To serve this interest, this review will provide a summary on bacterial rice pathogens, which can potentially be controlled by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Additionally, this review highlights PGPB-mediated functional traits, including biocontrol of bacterial rice pathogens and enhancement of rice plant's growth. Currently, a plethora of recent studies address the use of PGPB to combat bacterial rice pathogens in an attempt to replace existing methods of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that often lead to environmental pollutions. As a tool to combat bacterial rice pathogens, PGPB presented itself as a promising alternative in improving rice plants' health and simultaneously controlling bacterial rice pathogens in vitro and in the field/greenhouse studies. PGPB, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Streptomyces, are now very well-known. Applications of PGPB as bioformulations are found to be effective in improving rice productivity and provide an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext A Current Update on the Distribution, Morphological Features, and Genetic Identity of the Southeast Asian Mahseers, Tor Species

Jaafar F, Na-Nakorn U, Srisapoome P, Amornsakun T, Duong TY, Gonzales-Plasus MM, et al.

Biology (Basel), 2021 Apr 01;10(4).
PMID: 33915909 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040286

The king of rivers or mahseer comprises three genera: Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor, under the Cyprinidae family. The Tor genus has been classified as the true mahseer due to the presence of a median lobe among the three genera. The Tor species are widely distributed across Southeast (SE) Asia, and 13 Tor species have been reported previously: Tor ater, Tor dongnaiensis, Tor douronensis, Tor laterivittatus, Tor mosal, Tor mekongensis, Tor putitora, Tor sinensis, Tor soro, Tor tambra, Tor tambroides, Tor tor and Tor yingjiangensis. However, the exact number of valid Tor species remains debatable. Different and unstandardized approaches of applying genetic markers in taxonomic identification and morphology variation within the same species have further widened the gap and ameliorated the instability of Tor species taxonomy. Therefore, synchronized and strategized research among Tor species researchers is urgently required to improve and fill the knowledge gap. This review is a current update of SE Asia's Tor species, outlining their distribution, morphology, and genetic identification. In addition, the present review proposes that there are ten valid Tor species in the SE Asian region. This list will serve as a template and standard to improve the taxonomy of the SE Asian Tor species, which could serve as a basis to open new directions in Tor research.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus: a menace to the end game of polio eradication

Ming LC, Hussain Z, Yeoh SF, Koh D, Lee KS

Global Health, 2020 07 16;16(1):63.
PMID: 32677974 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00594-z

The World Health Organisation Western Pacific Region countries were declared free of polio in 2000 until a polio outbreak involving 305 cases occurred in Indonesia in 2006. It was not until 2014 that the World Health Organisation South East Asia region was officially declared polio-free again. However, in February 2019, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative announced a new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in the Papua province of Indonesia. To make matter worse, the outbreak responses were tardy and led to transmission among migrating communities to other cities. The pressing regional issues of polio outbreak caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus and use of oral polio vaccine have not been well presented. Our letter highlighted the suboptimal outbreak responses as well as the necessity of cross-border vaccination to curb continued poliovirus transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Isotope constraints of the strong influence of biomass burning to climate-forcing Black Carbon aerosols over Southeast Asia

Liu J, Andersson A, Zhong G, Geng X, Ding P, Zhu S, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jul 03;744:140359.
PMID: 32688001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140359

Black Carbon (BC) deteriorates air quality and contributes to climate warming, yet its regionally- and seasonally-varying emission sources are poorly constrained. Here we employ natural abundance radiocarbon (14C) measurements of BC intercepted at a northern Malaysia regional receptor site, Bachok, to quantify the relative biomass vs. fossil source contributions of atmospheric BC, in a first year-round study for SE Asia (December 2015-December 2016). The annual average 14C signature suggests as large contributions from biomass burning as from fossil fuel combustion. This is similar to findings from analogous measurements at S Asian receptors sites (~50% biomass burning), while E Asia sites are dominated by fossil emission (~20% biomass burning). The 14C-based source fingerprinting of BC in the dry spring season in SE Asia signals an even more elevated biomass burning contribution (~70% or even higher), presumably from forest, shrub and agricultural fires. This is consistent with this period showing also elevated ratio of organic carbon to BC (up from ~5 to 30) and estimates of BC emissions from satellite fire data. Hence, the present study emphasizes the importance of mitigating dry season vegetation fires in SE Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext Melioidosis: Cases Notified to Kota Kinabalu District Health Office Year 2017

Rosfina Ghazali

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):29-0.
MyJurnal

Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease cause by gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is predominantly in tropical climate especially Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. This disease is associated with significant mortality due to early onset of sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren in Kota Kinabalu District: An Overview

Haslezah Saelih

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):45-46.
MyJurnal

Childhood obesity poses global public health threat and has risen to an alarming level throughout the world. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences and culture play important roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. Overweight children are more likely to be overweight or obese in their adulthood and therefore are at greater risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic ailments. Children occasionally become overweight on account of medical or genetic conditions. The main cause relates to poor dietary habits, inactivity or a combination of these factors. These situations also pose an emerging public health issue in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Nipah virus: an emergent paramyxovirus causing severe encephalitis in humans

Bellini WJ, Harcourt BH, Bowden N, Rota PA

J Neurovirol, 2005 Oct;11(5):481-7.
PMID: 16287690

Nipah virus is a recently emergent paramyxovirus that is capable of causing severe disease in both humans and animals. The first outbreak of Nipah virus occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 and, more recently, outbreaks were detected in Bangladesh. In humans, Nipah virus causes febrile encephalitis with respiratory syndrome that has a high mortality rate. The reservoir for Nipah virus is believed to be fruit bats, and humans are infected by contact with infected bats or by contact with an intermediate animal host such as pigs. Person to person spread of the virus has also been described. Nipah virus retains many of the genetic and biologic properties found in other paramyxoviruses, though it also has several unique characteristics. However, the virologic characteristics that allow the virus to cause severe disease over a broad host range, and the epidemiologic, environmental and virologic features that favor transmission to humans are unknown. This review summarizes what is known about the virology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of this novel pathogen.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology; Asia, Western/epidemiology
Fulltext Southeast Asian health system challenges and responses to the 'Andaman Sea refugee crisis': A qualitative study of health-sector perspectives from Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand

Legido-Quigley H, Leh Hoon Chuah F, Howard N

PLoS Med, 2020 11;17(11):e1003143.
PMID: 33170834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003143

BACKGROUND: Southeast Asian countries host signficant numbers of forcibly displaced people. This study was conducted to examine how health systems in Southeast Asia have responded to the health system challenges of forced migration and refugee-related health including the health needs of populations affected by forced displacement; the health systems-level barriers and facilitators in addressing these needs; and the implications of existing health policies relating to forcibly displaced and refugee populations. This study aims to fill in the gap in knowledge by analysing how health systems are organised in Southeast Asia to address the health needs of forcibly displaced people.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted 30 semistructured interviews with health policy-makers, health service providers, and other experts working in the United Nations (n = 6), ministries and public health (n = 5), international (n = 9) and national civil society (n = 7), and academia (n = 3) based in Indonesia (n = 6), Malaysia (n = 10), Myanmar (n = 6), and Thailand (n = 8). Data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive coding. Interviewees described the cumulative nature of health risks at each migratory phase. Perceived barriers to addressing migrants' cumulative health needs were primarily financial, juridico-political, and sociocultural, whereas key facilitators were many health workers' humanitarian stance and positive national commitment to pursuing universal health coverage (UHC). Across all countries, financial constraints were identified as the main challenges in addressing the comprehensive health needs of refugees and asylum seekers. Participants recommended regional and multisectoral approaches led by national governments, recognising refugee and asylum-seeker contributions, and promoting inclusion and livelihoods. Main study limitations included that we were not able to include migrant voices or those professionals not already interested in migrants.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is one of the first qualitative studies to investigate the health concerns and barriers to access among migrants experiencing forced displacement, particularly refugees and asylum seekers, in Southeast Asia. Findings provide practical new insights with implications for informing policy and practice. Overall, sociopolitical inclusion of forcibly displaced populations remains difficult in these four countries despite their significant contributions to host-country economies.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext DEVELOPMENT OF ENTRY LOCATION ASSESSMENT CRITERIA (ELAC) MODEL FOR MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

Norizzati Ibrahim, Atiqah Najwa, Che Maznah Mat Isa, Nur Kamaliah Mustaffa, Christopher Nigel Preece

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):21-38.
MyJurnal

Malaysian construction firms have increasingly gained investment opportunities in foreign countries pushed by the competitive and saturated domestic market. However, the entry location decision involves complex factors to be considered by these firms prior to their international operations. Currently, based on a secondary data obtained from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, there are twelve (12) firms that are actively operating in international markets. The main objective of this preliminary study is to develop an entry location assessment criteria (ELAC) model based on the performance of Malaysian construction firms in international markets. The ELAC formula was derived through a development of taxonomy criteria from previous studies. The construction firms’ performance was analyzed and ranked using a weightage score characterized under three (3) dimensions of country with the taxonomy criteria. First dimension involves entry location decision to countries in ASEAN, Non-ASEAN and both regions, while the second dimension involves entry location decision to ASEAN, Asia, Africa, United States of America and Europe while the third dimension involves entry location decision to countries categorized as Developing Countries (DLC); Least Developed Country (LDC); Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC); Developed Countries (DC); and Highly Developed Countries (HDC). The ELAC score shows that three (3) construction firms which are, Sapura Energy Berhad (66%), Gamuda Berhad (53%) and Sime Darby Berhad (50%) have sustained international operations in various locations by obtaining an ELAC score of more than 50% by venturing to ASEAN countries, developing countries and developed countries. Even though his study is limited to Malaysian construction firms, it provides significant information and contributes to the current knowledge in international market expansion. This ELAC model is useful especially for construction firms that are just beginning to explore foreign business opportunities or for the global players that are expanding geographically to new international markets.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Fulltext EFFECTS OF TANK COLOUR ON BODY COLOUR INTENSITY AND GROWTH OF YELLOW GOURAMI Trichopodus trichopterus

Asra Nor Izaty, A., Norazmi-Lokman, N. H.

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(4):9-18.
MyJurnal

Yellow gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus) is a species native to Southeast Asia and is famous as ornamental species. However, hobbyists and farmers encounter problems where its body colour easily becomes faded in captivity. Since colour enhancer pellets are expensive, an experiment was performed to determine whether tank colour can influence the body colour intensity and growth of T. trichopterus. Four different tank colours (white, yellow, blue and green) with five replicates were tested where fish were kept under natural lighting (outdoor) conditions for two months. The results demonstrated that fish reared in green coloured tank showed an increment in its colour intensity while fish reared in white tanks increased its body weight. It can be concluded that tank colour does affect the body colour intensity and weight of T. trichopterus. This study will help farmers and hobbyists to solve colour fading problem using a cheaper way.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext Biologics for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review in Tuberculosis-Endemic Countries

Banerjee R, Ali RAR, Wei SC, Adsul S

Gut Liver, 2020 11 15;14(6):685-698.
PMID: 33191310 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19209

The advent of biologics and biologic therapy has transformed the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with enhanced early and adequate responses to treatment, fewer hospitalizations, a reduced need for surgery, and unprecedented outcomes including complete mucosal and histologic healing. However, an important issue with the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in IBD is the increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This is compounded by the diagnostic dilemma when differentiating between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal TB, and the potentially serious consequences of initiating an incorrect treatment in the case of misdiagnosis. The interplay between IBD and TB is most relevant in Asia, where more than 60% of the 10.4 million new TB cases in 2016 were reported. A number of studies have reported an increased risk of TB with anti-TNF agents, including in patients who had tested negative for TB prior to treatment initiation. The limited evidence currently available regarding adhesion molecule antagonists such as vedolizumab suggests a comparatively lower risk of TB, thus making them a promising option for IBD management in TBendemic regions. This comprehensive review examines the available literature on the risk of TB with the use of biologics in the TB-endemic regions of Asia, focusing on the diagnostic dilemma, the risk of reactivation, and the optimized management algorithms for latent and active disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia
Quaternary land bridges have not been universal conduits of gene flow

Cros E, Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Ng NSR, Tomassi S, Benedick S, et al.

Mol Ecol, 2020 07;29(14):2692-2706.
PMID: 32542783 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15509

Quaternary climate oscillations are a well-known driver of animal diversification, but their effects are most well studied in areas where glaciations lead to habitat fragmentation. In large areas of the planet, however, glaciations have had the opposite effect, but here their impacts are much less well understood. This is especially true in Southeast Asia, where cyclical changes in land distribution have generated enormous land expansions during glacial periods. In this study, we selected a panel of five songbird species complexes covering a range of ecological specificities to investigate the effects Quaternary land bridges have had on the connectivity of Southeast Asian forest biota. Specifically, we combined morphological and bioacoustic analysis with an arsenal of population genomic and modelling approaches applied to thousands of genome-wide DNA markers across a total of more than 100 individuals. Our analyses show that species dependent on forest understorey exhibit deep differentiation between Borneo and western Sundaland, with no evidence of gene flow during the land bridges accompanying the last 1-2 ice ages. In contrast, dispersive canopy species and habitat generalists have experienced more recent gene flow. Our results argue that there remains much cryptic species-level diversity to be discovered in Southeast Asia even in well-known animal groups such as birds, especially in nondispersive forest understorey inhabitants. We also demonstrate that Quaternary land bridges have not been equally suitable conduits of gene flow for all species complexes and that life history is a major factor in predicting relative population divergence time across Quaternary climate fluctuations.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Fulltext Defining the endoscopic ultrasound features of chronic pancreatitis in Asians: a multicenter validation study

Koh CJ, Lakhtakia S, Kida M, Lesmana CRA, Ang TL, Vu CKF, et al.

Endoscopy, 2021 06;53(6):595-602.
PMID: 32650341 DOI: 10.1055/a-1217-3112

BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features and criteria have been described in chronic pancreatitis, challenges remain with interoperator variability and ease of adoption. The aim of this study was to define and validate the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis in a multicenter prospective study in Asia.
METHOD: The study was divided into two parts: the first part was conducted to derive the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis with adequate interoperator agreement; the second was to prospectively evaluate these features in a multicenter cross-sectional study and determine the optimal combination of features for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Prospectively enrolled cases had standard internationally validated radiologic or histologic features of chronic pancreatitis, and controls were patients without chronic pancreatitis who underwent EUS examination.
RESULTS: The top six EUS features that had good interobserver agreement (mean kappa 0.73, range 0.60 - 0.90) were selected to be further evaluated in part II of the study. These included: hyperechoic foci with shadowing, lobularity with honeycombing, cysts, dilated main pancreatic duct, dilated side branches, and calculi in the main pancreatic duct. A total of 284 subjects (132 cases, 152 controls) were enrolled from 12 centers in Asia. All six features had high accuracy ranging from 63.3 % to 89.1 %. Two or more of these six EUS features accurately defined chronic pancreatitis (sensitivity 94.7 %, specificity 98.0 %), with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.986.
CONCLUSION: This multicenter Asian study characterized and defined the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis. This provides a useful tool in clinical practice and further research in pancreatic cancer surveillance.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Quantification of blue carbon in seagrass ecosystems of Southeast Asia and their potential for climate change mitigation

Stankovic M, Ambo-Rappe R, Carly F, Dangan-Galon F, Fortes MD, Hossain MS, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Aug 20;783:146858.
PMID: 34088119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146858

Seagrasses have the ability to contribute towards climate change mitigation, through large organic carbon (Corg) sinks within their ecosystems. Although the importance of blue carbon within these ecosystems has been addressed in some countries of Southeast Asia, the regional and national inventories with the application of nature-based solutions are lacking. In this study, we aim to estimate national coastal blue carbon stocks in the seagrass ecosystems in the countries of Southeast Asia including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. This study further assesses the potential of conservation and restoration practices and highlights the seagrass meadows as nature-based solution for climate change mitigation. The average value of the total carbon storage within seagrass meadows of this region is 121.95 ± 76.11 Mg ha-1 (average ± SD) and the total Corg stock of the seagrass meadows of this region was 429.11 ± 111.88 Tg, with the highest Corg stock in the Philippines (78%). The seagrass meadows of this region have the capacity to accumulate 5.85-6.80 Tg C year-1, which accounts for $214.6-249.4 million USD. Under the current rate of decline of 2.82%, the seagrass meadows are emitting 1.65-2.08 Tg of CO2 year-1 and the economic value of these losses accounts for $21.42-24.96 million USD. The potential of the seagrass meadows to the offset current CO2 emissions varies across the region, with the highest contribution to offset is in the seagrass meadows of the Philippines (11.71%). Current national policies and commitments of nationally determined contributions do not include blue carbon ecosystems as climate mitigation measures, even though these ecosystems can contribute up to 7.03% of the countries' reduction goal of CO2 emissions by 2030. The results of this study highlight and promote the potential of the southeast Asian seagrass meadows to national and international agencies as a practical scheme for nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Gorman K, Liu Z, Denholm I, Brüggen KU, Nauen R

Pest Manag Sci, 2008 Nov;64(11):1122-5.
PMID: 18803175 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1635

Rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a primary insect pest of cultivated rice, and effective control is essential for economical crop production. Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular imidacloprid, has been reported as an increasing constraint in recent years. In order to investigate the extent of resistance, 24 samples of N. lugens were collected from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam during 2005 and 2006. Their responses to two diagnostic doses of imidacloprid (corresponding approximately to the LC(95) and 5 x LC(95) of a susceptible strain) were examined.

Matched MeSH terms: Asia

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