MyMedR

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, a recurring annual ritual, which is passionately practiced by most Muslims across the world. It is obligatory on every healthy Muslim; however, the Qur’an and Islamic teachings specifically exempt people with acute or chronic illnesses from this duty, especially if it might have harmful consequences. Muslims with diabetes are exempted from fasting, but many of them still fast during Ramadan, for their personal convictions as revealed by EPIDIAR study which showed that 43% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 79% with type 2 diabetes fasted during Ramadan. Muslims constitute about a quarter of the world’s population who are spread all over the globe. It is inevitable that health care issues peculiar to them will be encountered worldwide and health care providers will have to counsel them regarding medications and whether it is safe to undertake the fast. This paper is an update on the management of Ramadan fasting based on current evidence from published literature and expert opinions.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Disease Management

Behavioral causes of diseases

Chen PC

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):100-2.

PMID: 614474

Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Diseases/transmission; Disease/etiology*

RESULTS OF FILARIASIS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN THE FEDERATION OF MALAYA

SANDOSHAM AA

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Mar;18:137-50.

PMID: 14157180

Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control*

Management of respiratory insufficiency

MANAVALAN AS

Med J Malaya, 1961 Dec;16:125-35.

PMID: 14469124

Matched MeSH terms: Disease*; Respiratory Tract Diseases*

Susceptibility to drug-induced haemolysis in Singapore

VELLA F

Med J Malaya, 1959 Jun;13:298-308.

PMID: 13841622

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility*

Psychological reactions in disease and their management

Ngui PW

Nurs J Singapore, 1978 Nov;18(2):124-6.

PMID: 253240

Matched MeSH terms: Disease/psychology*

The importance of Malaysian bats in the transmission of oral disease

Tan DS, Peck AJ, Omar M

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):32-5.

PMID: 4243840

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors*

Patterns of transmission of the trematode Eurytrema pancreaticum in Malaysia

Basch PF

Zahnarztl Prax, 1966 Jan 15;17(2):234-40.

PMID: 5222978

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors*

MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION IN THE ELDERLY MALE

MENON KA

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:91-4.

PMID: 14117287

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management*

Fulltext Some observations on the cholera (E1 Tor) epidemic in 1961-62

Felsenfeld O

Bull World Health Organ, 1963;28(3):289-96.

PMID: 13962884

The author discusses some of the features of the cholera epidemic caused by El Tor vibrios in 1961-62 in the Western Pacific. The disease originated in the Celebes and spread from there to other parts of Indonesia, to Sarawak and, possibly, to Kwangtung. Hong Kong and Macau were most probably infected from Kwangtung. Subsequently the disease reached the Philippines, progressing from Manila southwards to the other islands, whence it invaded British Borneo. The El Tor epidemic did not differ clinically or epidemiologically from other cholera outbreaks observed during the past decade. The disease attacked poor, under-nourished people living under insanitary conditions. It spread along the coastline and, to a limited extent, along inland waterways. The authorities in the affected territories recommended that the quarantine regulations, sanitary measures and treatment methods used against cholera caused by the so-called "true" cholera vibrios be applied also to cholera caused by El Tor vibrios.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*

AN OUTBREAK OF TETRODOTOXIN POISONING FROM CONSUMING HORSESHOE CRABS IN SABAH

Suleiman M, Muhammad J, Jelip J, William T, Chua TH

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2017 Jan;48(1):197-203.

PMID: 29644840

The horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) is consumed by those
residing near the coastal areas of Kota Marudu District in Malaysia, as it is considered
a delicacy. During June to August, 2011 thirty cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning
were reported from Kota Marudu District following ingestion of horseshoe
crabs caught in Kota Marudu Bay. The purpose of this study is to describe this
case series in order to determine risk factors to prevent further outbreaks. There
were six confirmed and 24 probable cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning identified in
the study area during the study period as diagnosed by clinical presentation and
laboratory findings. Symptoms included dizziness (80%), circumoral and lingual
numbness (80%), hand and feet numbness (63.3%), nausea and vomiting (30%)
and weakness and difficulty in breathing (26.6%). Three cases (10%) died while 27
cases recovered. Forty-seven percent of the cases had onset of symptoms within
30 minutes of ingestion and 14% 31-60 minutes after ingestion of horseshoe crab
meat. Urine samples were collected from the cases, while horseshoe crabs, cockles
and sea water from the epidemic area were also taken for analysis. Tetrodotoxin
was detected in the urine of six cases; the highest concentrations recorded were
among the three cases who died. High tetrodotoxin concentrations were found
in the hepatic cecum and eggs of the tested horseshoe crabs. Dinoflagellates were
not detected in the sea water or cockle samples. Intensive health education was
initiated quickly to stop other members of the Marudu Bay community from
consuming the horseshoe crabs. This is the first documented epidemic of tetrodotoxin
poisoning in Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*

Fulltext The effects of different velogenic NDV infections on the chicken bursa of Fabricius

Kristeen-Teo YW, Yeap SK, Tan SW, Omar AR, Ideris A, Tan SG, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2017 May 31;13(1):151.

PMID: 28569155 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1071-y

BACKGROUND: Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was reported to cause rapid depletion of chicken bursa of Fabricius. Severe pathological condition of the organ is commonly associated with high levels of virus replication, intense inflammatory response and also the degree of apoptosis. In this study, the responses of chicken bursa of Fabricius infected with two different strains of velogenic NDV, namely AF2240 and IBS002, were investigated by observing cell population changes, oxidative stress, viral replication and cytokine expression in the organ. Subsequently, apoptosis of enriched bursal IgM+ cells was determined to help us elucidate possible host pathogen relationships between the chicken bursa of Fabricius and NDV infection.

RESULTS: The depletion of IgM+ cells and infiltration of macrophages were observed to be higher in bursa infected with AF2240 as compared to IBS002. In line with the increment of the macrophage population, higher nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents which indicated higher oxidative stress were also detected in bursa infected with NDV AF2240. In addition, higher pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine gene expression such as chicken CXCLi2, IL-18 and IFN-γ were observed in AF2240 infected bursa. Depletion of IgM+ cells was further confirmed with increased cell death and apoptosis of the cells in AF2240 infected bursa as compared to IBS002. However, it was found that the viral load for NDV strain IBS002 was comparatively higher than AF2240 although the magnitude of the pro- inflammatory cytokines expression and cell apoptosis was lower than AF2240.

CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated that infection of NDV strains AF2240 and IBS002 caused apoptosis in bursa IgM+ cells and its severity was associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine, macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress as the infection duration was prolonged. However, of the two viruses, we observed that NDV AF2240 induced a greater magnitude of apoptosis in chicken bursa IgM+ cells in comparison to IBS002. This might be due to the high level of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines/chemokine as well as lower IL10 expression which subsequently led to a high rate of apoptosis in the chicken bursa of Fabricius although the detected viral load of AF2240 was lower than IBS002.

Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus

Fulltext Isolation and molecular detection of Newcastle Disease virus from an imported meat sample

Leow, B.L., Syamsiah, A.S., Ong, G.H., Faizul, F.M.Y., Muhammad, R.S., Basirah, M.A., et al.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2016;28(2):17-20.

MyJurnal

Infected poultry meat plays an important role in the spread of Newcastle Disease (ND). In this study, an imported meat product was found to be positive for ND by both virus isolation and molecular characterization. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage site showed that the isolate was virulent as indicated by the sequence 112RRQKR116 for the Cterminus of the F2 protein and phenylanine (F) at the N-terminus of the F1 protein, residue 117. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis showed the isolate was 98% identical with China Hebei ND strain. Though the regulations for the importation of poultry meat for human consumption into Malaysia are strict, the possibility of the persistence of ND virus in imported meat is prevalent. Strict enforcement of importing regulations and screening the disease in imported poultry meat is important to ensure food safety and prevent introducing ND strain fInfected poultry meat plays an important role in the spread of Newcastle Disease (ND). In this study, an imported meat product was found to be positive for ND by both virus isolation and molecular characterization. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the F protein cleavage site showed that the isolate was virulent as indicated by the sequence 112RRQKR116 for the Cterminus of the F2 protein and phenylanine (F) at the N-terminus of the F1 protein, residue 117. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis showed the isolate was 98% identical with China Hebei ND strain. Though the regulations for the importation of poultry meat for human consumption into Malaysia are strict, the possibility of the persistence of ND virus in imported meat is prevalent. Strict enforcement of importing regulations and screening the disease in imported poultry meat is important to ensure food safety and prevent introducing ND strain from other countries into Malaysiarom other countries into Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus

Combating oxidative stress disorders with citrus flavonoid: Naringenin

Zaidun NH, Thent ZC, Latiff AA

Life Sci, 2018 Sep 01;208:111-122.

PMID: 30021118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.017

The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically. Alternatives medicine or the active compound extracted from the natural products received great attention among researches at the present era. Naringenin (NG), a common dietary flavanone, found in the citrus fruits such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit. It is used in the several oxidative stress disorders as the nutraceutical value of the compound emerges. Functionally, the antioxidants effect of NG is primarily attributed by reducing the free radical like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the antioxidants activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes, pulmonary, cancer and nephropathy. The present review article summarised the antioxidant property of NG and its molecular mechanism towards such diseases. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar were searched using the terms 'naringenin', 'oxidative stress disorders', 'naringenin and cardiovascular diseases', 'naringenin and diabetes mellitus', 'naringenin and neurodegenerative diseases', 'naringenin and pulmonary diseases', 'naringenin and cancer' and 'naringenin and nephropathy'. There has been special attention on evaluating anti-oxidative effect of NG on neurodegenerative diseases. Although some mechanisms of action remain vague, the current review highlighted the potential use of NG as a oxidative stress reliever which can be used as next prophylaxis compound in the treatment of the various oxidative stress disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease/drug therapy*

The 2016 Singapore Zika virus outbreak did not cause a surge in Guillain-Barré syndrome

Umapathi T, Kam YW, Ohnmar O, Ng BCJ, Ng Y, Premikha M, et al.

J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2018 09;23(3):197-201.

PMID: 30070025 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12284

Although individuals with Zika virus (ZIKV) antibodies were reported in Malaya in mid-1950s, entomological and human surveillance in Singapore did not identify autochthonous transmission until the outbreak of August-November, 2016. A total of 455 cases from 15 separate clusters were identified. We asked if this ZIKV outbreak increased the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and aimed to characterize these cases. Eleven GBS cases, consecutively enrolled into our prospective GBS database from onset to 4 weeks after outbreak, and six controls, comprising three GBS patients enrolled before outbreak and three non-GBS patients, were examined for evidence of recent ZIKV infection. We performed serum, urine ZIKV RT-PCR, ZIKV serology, and virus neutralization assays, accounting for cross-reaction and co-infection with dengue (DENV). We found five GBS cases with only serological evidence of recent ZIKV infection (including one ZIKV-DENV co-infection). A temporal relationship with ZIKV outbreak was unlikely as two cases were GBS controls enrolled 3 months before outbreak. None reported symptoms of ZIKV infection. In addition, compared to last 10 years the national number of GBS hospitalizations did not increase during and immediately after outbreak. We conclude the 2016 Singapore ZIKV outbreak did not cause a change in GBS epidemiology.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*

Displaying publications 701 - 720 of 5421 in total