Perdagangan lintas sempadan antara Sabah-Sarawak dan Kalimantan secara informal telah wujud sejak sebelumnya konfrontasi Indonesia berlaku pada tahun 1962-1966. Dalam hal ini, penyeludupan barangan di kawasan sempadan turut merupakan satu fenomena yang berterusan sehingga sekarang. Oleh itu, artikel ini ditulis bagi membincangkan mengenai fenomena penyeludupan barangan di kawasan sempadan dengan melihat kepada pandangan komuniti berkaitan permasalahan ini. Kajian ini menggunakan temu bual secara mendalam dan pemerhatian ke atas 15 orang informan bagi melihat kepada fenomena penyeludupan di kawasan kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa sejarah perdagangan dan kekeluargaan di kedua-dua kawasan mempunyai kaitan dengan berlangsungnya aktiviti penyeludupan barangan dalam kalangan komuniti sempadan. Persepsi daripada komuniti dan pihak penguatkuasa turut mempengaruhi kelangsungan fenomena tersebut disebabkan sejarah perdagangan dan hubungan kekeluargaan yang dimiliki oleh kedua-dua komuniti sempadan. Namun demikian, dari sudut pandang nasional, fenomena tersebut merupakan satu aktiviti yang menyalahi undang-undang yakni penyeludupan. Oleh itu, bertitik-tolak daripada faktor tersebut isu ini terus berlaku di kawasan kajian.
As one of the states within the Federation of Malaysia, Sabah has inherited the characteristics of a
developing country’s security management. The threats are not only driven by external but also from
internal sources. As such, this article analyzes threats to Sabah's security predicaments. By using the
National Security Theory of Developing Countries and Securitization Theory as the basis for
discussion, the article explores and discusses how Sabah's security management have been influenced
by several variables such as local political influences, federal-state relations, and societal’s state
loyalty. The article concludes that Sabah’s security threats have been securitised by local political and
community leaders. But, the success of securitising the threats depend on how security actors at the
federal level are convinced with the omnipresent threats.
Pemerkasaan wanita adalah salah satu syarat utama untuk mencapai kesaksamaan gender. Kajiankajian terdahulu mendapati sektor ekopelancongan berpotensi untuk memperkasa wanita dan merapatkan jurang gender dalam sesebuah komuniti. Namun begitu, sehingga kini masih wujud ketidaksaksamaan gender dalam sektor ekopelancongan dan ini telah memperlahankan proses pemerkasaan wanita dan seterusnya mempengaruhi pencapaian pembangunan komuniti khususnya di luar bandar. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan perspektif gender untuk menganalisis kriteria-kriteria ketidaksaksamaan gender yang masih wujud dalam sektor ekopelancongan di luar bandar, Sabah. Disamping itu, kajian ini juga cuba untuk menilai sejauhmana sektor ekopelancongan mampu mengurangkan jurang ketidaksaksamaan gender serta mampu memperkasa wanita di luar bandar. Walaupun sebelum ini terdapat pelbagai kajian yang telah dilakukan di Sabah berkaitan isu ekopelancongan, namun pendekatan perspektif gender dalam kajian ekopelancongan di Malaysia khususnya di Sabah masih kurang. Untuk memenuhi kekurangan tersebut, kajian ini mengaplikasi pendekatan perspektif tersebut untuk menganalisis impak aktiviti sektor ekopelancongan di luar bandar terhadap pemerkasaan wanita, tahap pencapaian kearah kesaksamaan gender serta kesannya kepada pembangunan komuniti. Kajian ini dijalankan dalam dua buah kampung di Kota Belud iaitu Kampung Rampayan Laut dan Kampung Nanamun, iaitu dua buah kampung yang terlibat mengusahakan aktiviti-aktiviti berkaitan ekopelancongan.
The purpose of this study is to examine the level of readiness amongstudents in terms of knowledge,
skills and attitudes in using historical resources as history teaching and learning materials in secondary
schools. The design of this study is a quantitative research that uses survey method involving a total of
521 form four students from secondary schools using simple random sampling technique. The
questionnaire are used in this study which has been verified by the content expert dan has a good
realiability value. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as MONOVA
and Correlation Pearson using "IBM SPSS Statistics”version 24.The findings of this study indicate that
the level of readiness amongsecondary history students in terms of knowledge, skills and attitudes in
using historical resources as teaching and learning materials are at moderate level. Beside that, school
location influences the level of readiness and there a relationship between levels of readiness with
school location among students.Implication of this study can help history teachers know the level of their student knowledge, skills and attitudes toward using historical sources before carrying out in their
lessons.
The purpose of this survey study is to identify the type of student learning style preferences in history
subjects, as well to identify whether there are significantly mean differences of learning style on
student demographic aspects such as gender, achievement level, subject stream and school location.
This study involved a total 521 form four students from a state of north peninsular of Malaysia through
simple random sampling technique. This adapted Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Questionnaires
which are validated by the content expert matters and have a good reliability values are the research
instrument in this study. The data of this study were analyzed descriptively and inferred such as
independent sample-t test through IBM SPPS software. The findings of this study indicated that the
history student preferences learning style is auditory style for physiological dimension and collaborative style for sociological dimension. Furthermore, the findings also showed that there are
significantly mean differences between learning style and student demographic aspects such as
achievement level, subject stream and school location. Therefore, the findings also reported that there
are no significant mean differences in learning style among male and female history students.
Essentially, the findings can be used by the State of Education Department, the Curriculum
Development Center and the history teachers to redesign the implementation of meaningful history
teaching and learning process by taking account of the student learning styles aspects.
An action research aims to identify whether historical conceptual understanding can be enhanced
through the Peer with Sources-Cards technique introduced in history subjects for students. The six
students selected through purposive sampling technique have been used as sample in this study.
Kemmis and McTaggart models, (1988) are used in this study which involved quantitative and
qualitative data collection such as performance tests, interviews and observations. The findings of the
study showed that there was improvement dan retention of historical conceptual understanding, as well
the misconception which existed among students could be reduced through Peer with Sources-Cards
technique. Students also demonstrated a positive perception of the implementation of Peer with
Sources-Cards technique in the process of teaching and learning history. It is hoped that the Peer with
Sources-Cards technique method should be extended to all other levels of form with different topics
that enable the process of teaching and learning of history to be more fun.
Racial polarisation issues in public higher learning institutions has long been debated and continues to
exist even with the many effort for unity seen through nation’s education policies. Despite the
existence of opportunities for students to interact with the other ethnic throughout their studies, their
social relation was relatively moderate. Past findings suggested further studies be made to the factors
contributing to racial polarisation and that there should be a platform which encouraged students to
cooperate and enabled them to reached a common ground. The objective of this paper is to do a
preliminary survey on inter-ethnic dialogue which could become a platform in enhancing good social
relation between students of different ethnics in public and private universities. A successful interethnic
dialogue must include the four dimension of social relation: assimilation, amalgamation,
acculturation and accommodation, with which the social relation in Malaysia revolves, contributed
primarily by its historical and political factors.
A plural society existence due to economic policy is an outcome of foreign colonization. Due to the
British economic policy, Malaya saw the influx two foreign ethnic; Chinese and Indian, working in tin
mining and rubber estates respectively. Early conflict involving the Malays and these foreign workers
is inevitable which is evident during both the Japanese intervention and the British colonization. The
objective of this paper is to review the role and responsibilities of Communities Liaison Committee in
pioneering social cohesion between the three main ethnics in Malaya during the crucial time of
Japanese intervention, British colonization, communist threat and the declaration of emergency. Before
CLC, a cooperation was initiated by AMCJA-PUTERA coalition but was short lived due to the absence
of support from the British and lack of bargaining between Malays and Non-Malays. CLC received a
full patronage of the British as the pioneer of social cohesion in Malaya, especially when it was able to call upon the three main ethnic in its discussion of bargaining and negotiation or what is widely known
as the social contract, as well as practicing political power sharing.
Arabic learning among religious-oriented students is a must and should be studied as it is included in
public examination such as PT3, SPM and STPM. To learn it effectively, students need to have high
level of motivational beliefs because Arabic language is a rather difficult and challenging subject for
students who are non-speakers. Previous studies recorded a low level of motivation for Arabic
language because it was difficult to master it. Hence, this study will explain the possibility of teachers'
teaching influence students’ motivational beliefs in Arabic language. A quantitative approach used in
this research and conducted using the Student's Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Rating Scale
(SETERS) and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) questionnaire as an
instrument that was responded to by 542 form 4 religious-oriented students. The data was processed through Pearson correlation analysis. The findings show that the moderate, but significant and positive
relationship between teacher’s teaching and motivational beliefs of religious-oriented students in
learning Arabic language. In this regard, teachers need to diversify their teaching strategies in terms of
delivery learning materials, interaction and the provision of conducive learning environment. This
effort will increase the student's motivational beliefs to Arabic language while developing more
effective and comprehensive Arabic language mastery potential.
Kemiskinan merupakan satu fenomena yang dialami oleh seseorang individu tanpa kerelaan dan kehendak mereka. Kemiskinan boleh dikategorikan kepada dua jenis iaitu material dan bukan material. Miskin material terdiri daripada miskin pendapatan dan bukan pendapatan iaitu pendidikan, akses kepada kesihatan, pekerjaan dan kemudahan awam. Manakala miskin bukan material ialah berkait berkenaan ciri-ciri sahsiah seperti emosi, psikologi dan rohani. Kesemua keadaan yang berlaku ini menyebabkan seseorang yang miskin mengalami kesukaran untuk keluar dari situasi kemiskinan sekiranya tiada tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pihak bertanggungjawab. Pengukuran kemiskinan adalah langkah awal dalam mengenal pasti golongan miskin. Terdapat dua jenis iaitu pengukuran kemiskinan undimensi yang melihat kemiskinan dari sudut pendapatan sahaja dan pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi yang melihat pada aspek holistik serta kemanusiaan. Terdapat banyak kelemahan pada pengukuran unidimensi kerana ia hanya mengukur kemiskinan dari perspektif pendapatan sahaja. Hal ini sudah tentulah tidak komprehensif dalam pengenalpastian golongan yang miskin. Oleh itu pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi akan diterokai bagi memahami dengan lebih lanjut seperti perbezaannya dengan pengukuran unidimensi dan mengapakah Indeks Kemiskinan Multidimensi (IKM) adalah pengukur kemiskinan yang paling sesuai lagi berkesan. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder sebagai metodologi kajian. Hasil kajian ini dijangka bukan sahaja boleh mengetahui berapa ramai yang miskin dan peratusannya, malahan kita juga boleh mengetahui dimensi penyumbang utama kepada masalah kemiskinan. Melalui pengukuran ini, sesuatu program atau pemberian insentif dapat disalurkan dengan tepat kepada kumpulan sasaran.
This study focused on drug epidemic in Selangor for 3 consecutive years (2016-2018). Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah (HTAR) analysed an estimate of 12988 samples for drug abuse (opiates and cannabinoids) from 2016 until 2018. Being the centre for receiving samples collected by Police and National Anti-Drug agencies in Southwest Selangor, these areas were combed for analytical study of habitual abusers, their age-related patterns and ethnic origins for better understanding and planning for advocates of control.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap dan hubungan elemen ‘Suri Teladan’ dan ‘Celik Alam Sekitar’ dalam kalangan pelajar di negeri Sabah. Sampel adalah terdiri daripada 110 orang responden yang dipilih secara rawak mudah dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan 5 di sebuah sekolah menengah di daerah Tawau, Sabah. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik tinjauan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Data deskriptif yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa tahap Celik Alam Sekitar (skor min= 4.20, SP= 0.30) dan ‘Suri Teladan’ (skor min= 4.09, SP= 0.34) pada guru adalah tinggi. Manakala Ujian-t menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi celik alam sekitar dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah harian berdasarkan penglibatan kelab dan persatuan. Namun begitu ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif antara suri teladan dan celik alam sekitar. Kesimpulannya, tahap celik alam sekitar bagi pelajar adalah pada tahap yang boleh dibanggakan dan responden bersetuju bahawa suri teladan berhubungan positif dengan celik alam sekitar.
Previous studies approved that not all lesson activities are suitable for gifted and talented students.
This study is designed to identify what are the proper musical activities that can fill the needs of gifted
and talented students in Malaysia. The research sample is among gifted and talented students from the
whole Malaysia who are studying in Pusat PERMATApintar Negara. Result in this study may be used
as reference for educators who want to teach music on gifted and talented children, so that educators
may choose the right and effective activities to implement on those children. Therefore, the researcher
collects data using Focus Group Discussion Techique,and Indepth Interview on gifted and talented
children who had experienced music in formal class. Observation is also conducted in music classes in
Pusat PERMATApintar Negara to identify their behavioral on the musical activities conducted. Result
reveals that all the students believe the most proper musical activities are playing musical instruments, performance, music theory and singing. Teachers may attract students’ attention by using interactive
learning apparatus, relates theory and practical, and justify the importance of music study.
Previous studies shows that to do two musical skills simultaneosly is not easy. This is more difficult
when it been taught to children. However, the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is believed can ease the
children to coordinate the musical skills to present a good musical performance. This is a pilot study
involving sample of 31 children from a primary school in Putrajaya divided into 19 boys and 12 girls.
Respondents’ achievement were analysed after 12 sessions of intervention for three months. Result
shows the mean score of the coordination singing and playing kompang is 61.7 with standard division
12.47. There are 3 students scored Grade A, 10 scored Grade B, 13 scored Grade C, 4 scored Grade D
and one student failed with Grade E. Because 30 students have passed the test, the reasearcher come up with the solution that the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is relevant to be taught to increase children
coordination skill which is sing and play percussion simultaneously.
This study aims at investigating the effect of using historical text document resources on the historical substantive concepts understanding among Form Four students. A learning activities module was developed based on using historical text document resources as reference for intervention in this study. Pre-Experimental Design: One Group PreTest-PostTest was used in this study. The impact of using historical teks document resources on the historical substantive concepts understanding were measured in the pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test. A sample of respondents comprising 55 students from existing classes was recruited in this study using cluster sampling techniques. The historical substantive concept understanding test was used in this study. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inference statistics using Repeated-Measures One Way ANOVA test. The findings showed that the use of historical text document resources has an impact on the historical substantive concepts understandingand retaintion. The implication of this study is to provide the content and methods for implementation of history learning by using a set of collections of historical text document resources which relevant to a historical topic.
This survey study aims to identify whether there is a correlation between intrinsic motivation and history subject achievement, as well as to determine whether the predictor variables of interest, competence, effort, pressure, choice, usefulness and relevance contribute significantly to the history subject’s achievement. A total of 521 Form Four students were involved in this study through simple random sampling techniques. This research instrument is the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory questionnaire and the history subject achievement test which has been verified by the expert and has good reliability value, difficulty and good discrimination index. Quantitative data in this study was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests through IBM SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant negative linear correlation between intrinsic motivation and the history subject achievement. In addition, the interests, preferences and usefulness constructs have reported a high moderate negative linear relationship with the history subject achievement, while competency, effort, pressure and relevance have a low negative linear relationship with the history subject achievement. Furthermore, interest, choice, effort and usefulness are the predictor variables that contribute significantly, while competence, pressure, and relevance are the predictor variables that contribute non-significantly to the history subject’s achievement in this study. The implications of this study are suggested to all departments to develop intrinsic motivation among students as it is strongly related to increase and decrease the history subject’s achievement
Kajian tinjauan secara korelasi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi intrinsik dalam mata pelajaran sejarah. Seramai 521 orang murid Tingkatan Empat dari sekolah menengah harian di sebuah negeri di utara Semenanjung Malaysia yang dipilih melalui teknik persampelan rawak mudah terlibat sebagai sampel kajian dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan soal selidik Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Questionnaire dan Instrinsic Motivation Inventory yang diadaptasi dan disahkan oleh pakar penilai serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara statistik inferensi iaitu ujian korelasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang linear positif yang amat tinggi secara signifikan antara gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi intrinsik, di samping keenam-enam jenis gaya pembelajaran tersebut juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linear positif yang tinggi secara signifikan dengan motivasi intrinsik. Kajian ini memberi implikasi bahawa gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi intrinsik merupakan elemen penting yang perlu ditekankan dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran sejarah.
Oleh kerana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sejarah yang berkesan dapat membentuk sikap belajar yang positif dalam kalangan murid, maka kajian tinjauan ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap persepsi sikap belajar sejarah dari segi minat belajar sejarah, kebolehan belajar sejarah dan penggunaan bahan sejarah bagi murid yang mengikuti pembelajaran sejarah berasaskan penggunaan sumber sejarah, di samping untuk menentukan sama ada terdapat perbezaan min persepsi sikap belajar sejarah berdasarkan jantina. Seramai 55 orang murid Tingkatan Empat terlibat dalam kajian ini. Soal selidik yang telah diadaptasi yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai dalam bidang pendidikan sejarah serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik merupakan instrumen kajian ini. Data kajian ini telah dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi iaitu ujian-t sampel berpasangan melalui perisian IBM SPSS. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap persepsi sikap belajar sejarah dan ketiga-tiga konstruknya adalah tinggi. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini juga telah melaporkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan min persepsi sikap belajar sejarah berdasarkan jantina. Sikap belajar sejarah yang positif yang telah dipamerkan oleh murid-murid dalam kajian ini telah mencadangkan kepada guru-guru Sejarah untuk merekabentuk dan melaksanakan proses pembelajaran sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber sejarah secara intensif di dalam kelas selaras dengan matlamat kurikulum sejarah untuk membina minat terhadap mata pelajaran sejarah sebagai satu disiplin ilmu yang dinamik dan membina semangat patriotisme dalam mempertahankan kedaulatan negara.
Kajian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal. Seramai 25 orang murid Tingkatan Empat melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen ujian pemikiran kritikal yang diadaptasi yang telah disahkan pakar penilai dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik merupakan instrumen kajian ini. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara inferensi iaitu ujian ANOVA Satu Hala dengan pengukuran berulang melalui perisian IBM SPSS. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah adalah berkesan terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal dalam kalangan murid. Implikasi kajian ini telah mencadangkan kepada guru-guru Sejarah pada semua peringkat persekolahan untuk melaksanakan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah untuk memupuk kemahiran berfikir kritikal yang beterusan dalam kalangan murid.