Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 311 in total

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  1. Fulltext Social and Reproductive Behavior of Captive Malayan Tapirs' (Tapirus indicus): Interactions with Maternal Experience and Environmental Conditions
    Arumugam KA, Top MM, Ibrahim WNW, Buesching CD, Annavi G
    Sci Rep, 2020 03 05;10(1):4117.
    PMID: 32139707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60429-0
    Malayan tapirs are listed as endangered and are bred in captivity under governmental management. The success of captive breeding programs varies and the underlying causes are unclear. Here, we investigate how tapir reproduction is affected by previous breeding experience, enclosure type/size and visitor numbers so that appropriate steps can be taken to achieve self-sustaining captive populations. Data on social and reproductive behaviors were collected from six tapirs (three males, three females), from different breeding centers in Peninsular Malaysia for 18 weeks. Results revealed that social and reproductive behavior of both sexes was significantly influenced by social and environmental conditions. Larger enclosure size tended to increase social and reproductive behaviors, whereas high number of visitors reduced initial interaction between males and females. No specific breeding month was confirmed; however, reproductive behaviors were highest in April. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between social and reproductive behaviors, and captive environments on Malayan tapirs. In future, frequency of sexual interactions should be monitored regularly to identify animals exhibiting below-average frequency and who might, therefore, be prone to reproductive difficulties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal*
  2. Fulltext Male-lure type, lure dosage, and fly age at feeding all influence male mating success in Jarvis' fruit fly
    Wee SL, Clarke AR
    Sci Rep, 2020 09 14;10(1):15004.
    PMID: 32929156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72209-x
    Males of certain Dacini fruit flies are strongly attracted to, and feed upon, plant secondary compounds such as methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone and zingerone. The consumed lure is generally found to induce physiological and behavioural changes that enhance the mating performance of lure-fed males. Male Bactrocera jarvisi respond strongly to zingerone from a young age, but only weakly respond to raspberry ketone. We hypothesized that this selective lure-response would be reflected in the physiological importance of the lure to the fly. We found that zingerone feeding by young males resulted in significantly greater mating success in competitive mating trials with lure-deprived flies, but the mating advantage was lost in older males. Lure dosage had a significant effect on the duration of the mating advantage, for example when fed 20 µg of zingerone, the advantage lasted only 1 day post-feeding, but when fed of 50 µg zingerone the advantage lasted 7 days. Raspberry ketone feeding did not confer any mating advantage to males except at one dosage (50 µg) for 1 day after feeding. When given a choice, B. jarvisi females preferred to mate with zingerone-fed versus to raspberry ketone-fed males. This study revealed lure, dosage and age of fly at time of lure administration are all important factors for maximising lure-enhanced fruit fly mating performance. These findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the evolution of fruit fly-lure interactions and may help improve fruit fly pest management via the Sterile Insect Technique through semiochemical-mediated enhancement of sterile male mating performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal*
  3. Fulltext Penetration mechanics of elongated female and male genitalia of earwigs
    Matsumura Y, Kamimura Y, Lee CY, Gorb SN, Rajabi H
    Sci Rep, 2021 04 12;11(1):7920.
    PMID: 33846369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86864-1
    We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both virga and spermatheca. The short virga of E. denticulatum has a material gradient with the stiffer base, whereas the long virga of E. horridum and the spermathecae of both species are homogeneously sclerotised. The long virga of E. horridum has a lower bending stiffness than the spermatheca. The virga of E. denticulatum is overall less flexible than the spermatheca. We compared our results to a previous study on the penetration mechanics of elongated beetle genitalia. Based on the comparison, we hypothesised that the lower stiffness of the male intromittent organ comparing to the corresponding female structure is a universal prerequisite for the penetration mechanics of the elongated intromittent organ in insects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology*
  4. Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
    Sorokowski P, Kowal M, Sternberg RJ, Aavik T, Akello G, Alhabahba MM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Jan 14;13(1):773.
    PMID: 36641519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4
    Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries' modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  5. Fractional view analysis of sexual transmitted human papilloma virus infection for public health
    Bahi MC, Bahramand S, Jan R, Boulaaras S, Ahmad H, Guefaifia R
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 06;14(1):3048.
    PMID: 38321259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53696-8
    The infection of human papilloma virus (HPV) poses a global public health challenge, particularly in regions with limited access to health care and preventive measures, contributing to health disparities and increased disease burden. In this research work, we present a new model to explore the transmission dynamics of HPV infection, incorporating the impact of vaccination through the Atangana-Baleanu derivative. We establish the positivity and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed model HPV infection. The threshold parameter is determined through the next-generation matrix method, symbolized by [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we investigate the local asymptotic stability of the infection-free steady-state of the system. The existence of the solutions of the recommended model is determined through fixed-point theory. A numerical scheme is presented to visualize the dynamical behavior of the system with variation of input factors. We have shown the impact of input parameters on the dynamics of the system through numerical simulations. The findings of our investigation delineated the principal parameters exerting significant influence for the control and prevention of HPV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  6. Relative abundance and growth of male and female nemipterus furcosus population
    Amira FS, Kamaruzzaman BY, Jalal KCA, Rahman MM, Hossain MY, Khan NS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:79-86.
    A study was conducted to understand the relative abundance and growth of male and female Nemipterus furcosus population in the Pahang coastal water, Malaysia. The sampling was done monthly for a period of one year. A total of 1446 fish specimens were studied in this research. The results showed that male N. furcosus population was significantly more than female (p<0.01) N. furcosus population. The growth coefficient (b value) varied between 2.6808 and 3.2396 for male and 2.0926 and 3.2838 for female N. furcosus. The growth co-efficients of male N. furcosus were significantly different than the growth co-efficients of female N. furcosus in all months (p<0.05). They showed negative allometric growths in February- June and September. Female N. furcosus showed positive allometric growths in November-January and August. Isometric growths of female were observed only in October and July. As for male N. furcosus, negative allometric growths were observed in March-June, November and January. Male N. furcosus showed positive allometric growths in August, September, October, December and February. Male N. furcosus showed isometric growth only in July. The overall mean condition factor of male and female was statistically similar (p>0.05). The condition factor (K) ranged from 1.2559 to 1.3917 for male while 1.2503 to 1.3926 for female N. furcosus. Overall, higher mean condition factor was observed in smaller fish of both sexes. This study is useful for policy makers and fishery biologists for sustainable fishery management in the Pahang coastal water, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  7. Sexual behaviour among male methamphetamine and heroin dependents in selected areas in Malaysia
    MOHD FADZLI MOHAMAD ISA, NG CG, RUSDI ABD RASHID, MOHD HUSSAIN HABIL, HATTA SIDI, MAS AYU SAID, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1819-1826.
    This study aims to describe the pattern of sexual behaviour among methamphetamine and heroin users. It describes the pattern of sexual behaviour based on aspects of sex such as desire, interest, drive and obsession in relation to the drug use. A cross-sectional study was carried out among attendees of drug rehabilitation programmes in Kota Kinabalu, Kota Bharu and Kuala Lumpur. All subjects were living in the community with satisfactory psychosocial functioning. This study was primarily based on a validated sexual behaviour self-rated questionnaire followed by face-to-face interview. A total of 227 subjects were included with 124 (54.6%) using methamphetamine while 103 (45.4%) using heroin. Majority (218; 96%) were heterosexuals with 104 (45.8%) reported having been involved in high risk sexual behaviour. More methamphetamine than heroin subjects agreed that their sexual thoughts, feelings and behaviours were often associated with the drug (p<0.05). Methamphetamine subjects agreed that the use of methamphetamine caused them to be more obsessed with sex and they found themselves to be preoccupied with sexual thoughts while being under the influence of the drug (p<0.05). Heroin subjects mainly reported on negative effects of the drug on their sexual behaviour. Methamphetamine subjects reported that the use of drug had positively affected their sexual interest and drive (p<0.05). Methamphetamine subjects were also 1.97 times more likely than heroin subjects to be involved in risky sexual behaviour. The results of this study can be utilized to improve the drug treatment and rehabilitation programme. Methamphetamine subjects were more likely than heroin subjects to be involved in risky sexual behaviour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  8. Fertility suppression in male sprague-dawley rats by administration of methanolic extract of hempedu bumi (Andrographis paniculata)
    Mahanem M, Dayang Nurul Fatihah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1249-1255.
    The recent expanding rat population is causing severe economic losses and diseases in human. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antifertility effects of Andrographis paniculata (AP) methanol extract on the weight of testis, sexual behaviour, fertility, sperm quality and serum testosterone level in treated male rats compared with control rats. A total of 21 adult male rats Sprague-Dawley aged 12 weeks were divided into three groups; control group (distilled water), low dose group (800 mg/kg) and high dose group (1600 mg/kg) of AP methanol extracts given orally for 24 days. Body and testis weight, sexual behaviour test, fertility test, sperm quality and serum testosterone level were measured. Oral administration of AP methanol extract showed a significant decrease in testis weight, number of mountings, number of fetuses, sperm count, sperm motility and serum testosterone levels for all treatment group as compared with the control group, whereas mortality showed a significant increase. Observation on testis histology of treatment group exhibited features of degeneration in Sertoli cells and germinal cells in the seminiferous tubules, followed by the shrinkage of Leydig cells as compared with the control group, which showed characteristics of normal spermatogenesis. In conclusion, AP methanol extract exhibited antifertility effects in male rats, suggesting that AP is a potential herb to be applied as rodenticide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  9. Gynura procumbens leaf improves blood glucose level, restores fertility and libido of diabetic-induced male rats
    Khaidatul Akmar Kamaruzaman, Mahanem Mat Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1471-1477.
    Gynura procumbens (GP) has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its ability in treating various types
    of diseases. This study was carried out to determine the effects of GP on blood glucose level, fertility and libido of
    streptozotocin-induced male rats. A total of 42 male rats were randomly sorted into six groups; normal, negative and
    positive controls and three treated groups with different dosages of GP aqueous extract (GPAE); 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg.
    Each group was treated via oral feeding for 14 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on day 15 for further analysis.
    Administration of GPAE significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and increased the plasma testosterone
    level of diabetic-induced rats compared to the positive and negative control groups. There was also a significant increase
    in the sperm quality as well as the fertility of GPAE treated groups compared to the negative and positive control groups.
    Sexual behaviour analysis demonstrated that GPAE is able to facilitate the expression of sexual behaviour significantly;
    increased mounting frequency and reduced mounting latency. These lines of evidence suggested that GPAE can act as
    antihyperglycaemic, profertility and libido agents. However, its mechanism(s) remains unresolved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  10. Male circumcision and penis enhancement in Southeast Asia: matters of pain and pleasure
    Hull TH, Budiharsana M
    Reprod Health Matters, 2001 Nov;9(18):60-7.
    PMID: 11765401
    This paper reviews some uniquely male sexual health concerns in Southeast Asia, with particular attention to Indonesia. These include various forms of male circumcision, different types of 'penis enhancement' carried out across the region and the use of dry sex by women. These practices appear to be motivated by specific notions of sexual pleasure, based on indigenous gender constructs. Although they may or may not pose a serious public health problem, as markers of misguided or exploitative gender relations they do reveal important aspects of social psychology related to sexuality and sexual health. Male circumcision provides an ideal opportunity to consider male reproductive health needs and risks in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Practices that involve cutting the male genitals need to be addressed in ways that stress the importance of sexual relationships based on mutual respect and open communication. Penis implants and inserts and other penis augmentation devices, as well as dry sex practices, are potentially dangerous to both men and women, and of questionable value in bringing pleasure to either, and should be discouraged.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/ethnology*
  11. Fulltext A cross-sectional study to explore postgraduate students' understanding of and beliefs about sexual and reproductive health in a public university, Malaysia
    Soleymani S, Abdul Rahman H, Lekhraj R, Mohd Zulkefli NA, Matinnia N
    Reprod Health, 2015;12:77.
    PMID: 26318873 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0070-3
    BACKGROUND:
    The main sexual and reproductive health issues among young people are premarital sexual intercourse, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health among Malaysian postgraduate students in a public university in Malaysia.

    METHODS:
    A cross-sectional study was carried out among postgraduate students by systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.

    RESULTS:
    Out of 434 respondents, the majority of students were female (78.6 %) and single (78.3 %). The overall mean age of respondents was 27.0 ranging from 20 to 46 years of age. The main sources of information for sexual and reproductive health awareness were the internet (78.6 %) and newspaper (61.8 %). The majority (97.9 %) of the students knew that AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. Most of them believed that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases was through shaking hands (92.1 %). Use of condoms was perceived to be the best way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (88.4 %). Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was significantly associated with the students' age, marital status and faculty. The socio-demographic factors and current educational status accounted for a significant 9 % of the variability in sexual and reproductive health knowledge, f (7, 426) = 11, p <0.001.

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The postgraduate students' level of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health was not satisfactory. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was associated with the students' marital status and faculty. Intervention programs related to sexual and reproductive health are recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/psychology*
  12. Fulltext Factors associated with crisis pregnancies in Ireland: findings from three nationally representative sexual health surveys
    Bourke A, Kelleher C, Boduszek D, Morgan K
    Reprod Health, 2015;12:14.
    PMID: 25884222 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-015-0005-z
    Findings on the demographic and sexual health characteristics associated with the experience of a crisis pregnancy are important to inform the public health policy of a country, including Ireland. Studies from other jurisdictions have suggested that certain demographic groups are at risk for unintended pregnancies and the disparity between the groups has been growing in recent years. Ireland is a country which experienced much economic and societal change in the first decade of the 21(st) century; changes which are likely to have affected demographic variables pertaining to sexual health. The current study had two aims: to investigate changes in the socioeconomic characteristics associated with crisis pregnancies over a seven year period [2003 to 2010], and to investigate the recent [2010] socioeconomic risk factors associated with crisis pregnancies in Ireland.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  13. Sexual difficulties and associated factors among patients with psoriasis in Malaysia: data from the Malaysian Psoriasis registry
    Kwan Z, Baharum N, Yong SS, Mohd Affandi A, Johar A
    Psychol Health Med, 2020 Oct 12.
    PMID: 33044840 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1831557
    The impact of psoriasis on quality of life may have implications for the sexual function of patients. We aimed to determine the frequency of sexual difficulties and associated factors among adult patients with psoriasis. This cross-sectional study involved 13 673 patients notified to the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry. Sexual function was defined based on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Sexual difficulties were reported among 9.5% of subjects with significant predictors identified as younger age, male gender, married status, ethnicity, nail involvement, face and neck involvement and severity of disease. Smokers were more likely to report experiencing sexual difficulties. However, the presence of either ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia was associated with lower odds of sexual issues due to psoriasis. Clinicians should be aware of factors associated with sexual health in psoriasis to implement targeted interventions. Further studies need to be conducted to delineate the different aspects of sexual function and the magnitude of the problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  14. Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication
    Walter KV, Conroy-Beam D, Buss DM, Asao K, Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, et al.
    Psychol Sci, 2020 Apr;31(4):408-423.
    PMID: 32196435 DOI: 10.1177/0956797620904154
    Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives-an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective-offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample (N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/psychology
  15. A clinical and survey study of latah in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Chiu TL, Tong JE, Schmidt KE
    Psychol Med, 1972 May;2(2):155-65.
    PMID: 5034110 DOI: 10.1017/S0033291700040629
    During a psychiatric survey in Sarawak, subjects demonstrating latah were examined separately, both clinically and with a questionnaire. Latah occurred only in females, mainly Malays, occasionally Ibans, and never Chinese. Fifty latah subjects were examined, seven were firmly diagnosed as being mentally ill, and another 13 demonstrated mild psychiatric disorders. Dream content indicated an overt sexual component
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
  16. Reproductive success of two male morphs in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans
    Tajima T, Malim TP, Inoue E
    Primates, 2018 Mar;59(2):127-133.
    PMID: 29387973 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0648-1
    The reproductive success of male primates is not always associated with dominance status. For example, even though male orangutans exhibit intra-sexual dimorphism and clear dominance relationships exist among males, previous studies have reported that both morphs are able to sire offspring. The present study aimed to compare the reproductive success of two male morphs, and to determine whether unflanged males sired offspring in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans, using 12 microsatellite loci to determine the paternity of eight infants. A single flanged male sired most of the offspring from parous females, and an unflanged male sired a firstborn. This is consistent with our observation that the dominant flanged male showed little interest in nulliparous females, whereas the unflanged males frequently mated with them. This suggests that the dominant flanged male monopolizes the fertilization of parous females and that unflanged males take advantage of any mating opportunities that arise in the absence of the flanged male, even though the conception probability of nulliparous females is relatively low.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal*
  17. Spotlight: Malaysia
    Patriquin W
    Popul Today, 1988 Mar;16(3):12.
    PMID: 12341834
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior*
  18. The influence of infant and child mortality on fertility in selected countries of the Asian and Pacific region
    United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP. Population Division. Fertility and Family Planning Section
    Popul Res Leads, 1985.
    PMID: 12314064
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior*
  19. Fulltext Acquisition of HIV by African-born residents of Victoria, Australia: insights from molecular epidemiology
    Lemoh C, Ryan CE, Sekawi Z, Hearps AC, Aleksic E, Chibo D, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e84008.
    PMID: 24391866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084008
    African-born Australians are a recognised "priority population" in Australia's Sixth National HIV/AIDS Strategy. We compared exposure location and route for African-born people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Victoria, Australia, with HIV-1 pol subtype from drug resistance assays and geographical origin suggested by phylogenetic analysis of env gene. Twenty adult HIV positive African-born Victorian residents were recruited via treating doctors. HIV exposure details were obtained from interviews and case notes. Viral RNA was extracted from participant stored plasma or whole blood. The env V3 region was sequenced and compared to globally representative reference HIV-1 sequences in the Los Alamos National Library HIV Database. Twelve participants reported exposure via heterosexual sex and two via iatrogenic blood exposures; four were men having sex with men (MSM); two were exposed via unknown routes. Eight participants reported exposure in their countries of birth, seven in Australia, three in other countries and two in unknown locations. Genotype results (pol) were available for ten participants. HIV env amplification was successful in eighteen cases. HIV-1 subtype was identified in all participants: eight both pol and env; ten env alone and two pol alone. Twelve were subtype C, four subtype B, three subtype A and one subtype CRF02_AG. Reported exposure location was consistent with the phylogenetic clustering of env sequences. African Australians are members of multiple transnational social and sexual networks influencing their exposure to HIV. Phylogenetic analysis may complement traditional surveillance to discern patterns of HIV exposure, providing focus for HIV prevention programs in mobile populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior/ethnology*
  20. Fulltext Determinants of knowledge on sexually transmitted infections among students in public higher education institutions in Melaka state, Malaysia
    Mansor N, Ahmad N, Rahman HA
    PLoS One, 2020;15(10):e0240842.
    PMID: 33119620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240842
    INTRODUCTION: The increasing trend of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the young population is a significant public health problem. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge on STIs among students in higher education institutions and its predicting factors, in Melaka.

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 students from higher education institutions in Melaka aged between 18 to 30 years old. Multistage sampling of the institutions was performed. Valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire in the national language, Bahasa Malaysia, was used as to collect data on sociodemographic, personal background, knowledge on STIs and sources of information for STIs. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software version 25.

    RESULTS: The response rate for this study was 88%. The mean knowledge score was 24.1 ±5.1 out of 38. HIV was the most known STIs while gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and chlamydial infections were among the least known STIs. Oral intercourse was the least known sexual activity that could transmit STIs. Higher proportion of respondents had correct knowledge on control and preventive measures of STIs (between 78% and 95%) compared to correct knowledge on sign and symptoms of STIs (between 8.5% and 67.8%). More than 90% of the respondents were unaware that a person infected with STIs could be symptom free. Four variables were identified as the determinants of the knowledge on STIs, which were level of education, place of stay, history of sexual and reproductive health education and involvement in STIs awareness programs (F (4,445) = 11.405, p <0.001, R2 = 0.093).

    CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on STIs among students in higher education institutions was unsatisfactory. The existing sexual education programs can be strengthened by delivering more information on other STIs rather than focusing on HIV only. The future program should focus on students of diploma and/or skill certificate and staying off-campus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior
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