Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 120 in total

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  1. Patricia Sator, Mezi Marcella Madius, Magdlin Sargius, Bertsy Deborah Louis, Grace Shirley Randy
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacteria or germ which many people carry in their nose or on their skin and it is resistant to a range of antibiotics including methicillin. The primary mode of transmission of S. aureus is by direct contact usually, skin-to-skin contact, although contact with contaminated objects and surfaces or might also play a role. The risk of infection by antibiotic-resistant organisms is a common problem in a hospital setting. When it comes to caring for the patient with an infectious disease such as MRSA, most nursing students tried to avoid caring for the patient because they fear of getting infected. So, in this regards that it is important to find out the perception of nursing students towards MRSA patients. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a structured questionnaire used to evaluate the perception among student nurses regarding care for a patient with MRSA. The population of this study consists only of the nursing student of year 2 and year 3, which is 118 students. A minimum of 60 respondents selected by convenient sampling from this population. Results: Findings showed the respondent’s perception towards MRSA patients that 83.55% (n=55) of the respondent has the feeling of avoiding getting close to MRSA patients. While 16.7% (n=11) did not have the feeling to avoid them. 47% (n=31%) respondents felt refused to do any procedure on MRSA patients. While 53% (n=35) did not feel refuse to do any procedure on MRSA patient. 92.4% (n=61) respondents wear full PPE before caring for patients with MRSA. The other 7.6% (n=5) did not wear full PPE before caring for patients with MRSA. 98.5% (n=65) respondents always follow 5 moments of hand hygiene. While the other 1.5% (n=1) did not always follow 5 moments of hand hygiene. Conclusion: To conclude, even though most of the respondents know about MRSA but some of them did not know that MRSA is curable or not, some confusion about the mode of transmission of MRSA and did not know that they should wear full PPE in caring for the patient with MRSA. Lack of knowledge about MRSA might influence them to ask their friends to do procedures for the patient instead of doing it by themselves. Without good knowledge and skills about how to handle infectious patients, it is difficult for the nursing students to approach the patient with an infectious disease such as MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  2. Rusnani Ab Latif, Fairani Yusof, Tan, Yok Mui, Nor Suraizai Ibrahim
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Students learn in many ways. Some students are visual learners, while others are auditory or kinesthetic learners. The purpose of the study is to identify the learning style of the students and factors that influence their learning styles. Methods: This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Convenient sampling was used. In this study, a total of 51 nursing students were involved. A set of questionnaires using VARK (Visual; Auditory; Read/Write; Kinesthetic) inventory was used. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were use. Results: The learning styles of the respondents were mostly kinesthetic learning style and auditory learning styles which is 14(27.5%) for both, ten respondent had combinations of various styles, seven respondents had read write learning style and six respondent had visual learning style which is 13.7% and 11.8% respectively. Chi-square test shows that there was significant difference between learning style and respondents' demographic factors of previous school and number of siblings, where p-value 0.05). Conclusion: In order to achieve the goal of student learning it is important to use a combination of teaching methods and to make the classroom environment as stimulating and interactive as possible
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  3. Nelwati, Abdullah KL, Chan CM
    Nurse Educ Today, 2018 Dec;71:185-192.
    PMID: 30293048 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2018.09.018
    BACKGROUND: Peer learning experiences have been reported in previous qualitative studies, however individual findings could limit practical leverage due to small sample size. Thus it is necessary to integrate invaluable findings from various qualitative studies to consider appropriateness and acceptability of peer learning in professional nurse education.

    OBJECTIVE: To identify and synthesize qualitative evidence of peer learning experiences of undergraduate nursing students so as to understand their perceptions on peer learning experiences.

    DESIGN: A qualitative systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement.

    DATA SOURCES: Database searching was conducted on electronic databases such as Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Science Direct, and MEDLINE that published from 2007 to 2017.

    REVIEW METHODS: Qualitative studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data using line by line coding, organising coding into descriptive themes, and interpreting further to generate new insights.

    RESULTS: Six studies were included in this review. The most common themes identified were integrated into two new insights including personal development and professional development.

    CONCLUSION: This review has revealed that peer learning experiences contribute to the learning process of undergraduate nursing students in preparing them to become professional nurses through personal development and professional development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  4. Che CC, Chong MC, Hairi NN
    Int J Nurs Stud, 2018 Sep;85:61-67.
    PMID: 29852374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.05.007
    BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that student nurses hold positive attitudes towards older people; nevertheless, working with older people has consistently remained one of the least desired career choices among student nurses in most countries.

    OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to assess student nurses' intentions to work with older people and to determine the predictors of working intentions among nursing students.

    DESIGN: The study adopted a cross-sectional design.

    SETTINGS: Multistage sampling was used to recruit nursing students from five states in Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1462 nursing students from eleven nursing education institutions participated in this study.

    METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. This study is underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The Intent to Work with Older People Scale and Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Scale were used to assess nursing students' intentions and attitudes towards care of older people respectively. Researcher-developed instruments were used to assess subjective norms and perceived behavioural control among nursing students.

    RESULTS: The present study found that nursing students in Malaysia demonstrated a moderate level of intention to work with older people, with a mean of 39.72 (±4.38). There were significant differences in effects of gender, ethnic group, academic level, type of nursing institution and setting of older person care clinical experience on intentions to work with older people. There was a moderate and positive relationship between attitudes towards older people and intentions to work with older people, as well as between perceived behavioural control and intentions to work with older people; it was found that r = 0.36 for both relationships. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control accounted for 19.7% of the variance in intentions to work with older people.

    CONCLUSION: The primary findings of this national study revealed that Malaysian nursing students have a moderate level of intention to work with older people. It is imperative to develop educational interventions to nurture attitudes for caring and promote stronger intentions to work with older people.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing/psychology*
  5. Salari M, Roozbehi A, Zarifi A, Tarmizi RA
    BMC Med Educ, 2018 Aug 10;18(1):195.
    PMID: 30097035 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1305-0
    BACKGROUND: Nursing education in Iran has conventionally focused on lecture-based strategies. Improvements in teaching and learning over the years have led to an expansion of the pedagogies available to educators. Likewise, there has been a suggestion for a move toward more learner-centered teaching strategies and pedagogies that can result in improvement in learning. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Problem-Based Learning in developing cognitive skills in learning Pediatric Nursing among university students.

    METHODS: In this quasi-experimental, posttest-only nonequivalent control group design, the subjects were undergraduate students who had enrolled in Pediatric Nursing II at Islamic Azad University in Iran. The experiment was conducted over a period of eight weeks, one two-hour session and two two-hour sessions. Two experimental groups, Pure Problem-Based Learning (PPBL) and the Hybrid Problem- Based Learning (HPBL), and one Lecturing or Conventional Teaching and Learning (COTL) group were involved. In the PPBL group, PBL method with guided questions and a tutor, and in the HPBL group, problem-based learning method, some guided questions, minimal lecturing and a tutor were used. The COTL group, however, underwent learning using conventional instruction utilizing full lecture. The three groups were compared on cognitive performances, namely, test performance, mental effort, and instructional efficiency. Two instruments, i.e., Pediatric Nursing Performance Test (PNPT) and Paas Mental Effort Rating Scale (PMER) were used. In addition, the two-Dimensional Instructional Efficiency Index (IEI) formula was utilized. The statistical analyses used were ANOVA, ANCOVA, and mixed between-within subjects ANOVA.

    RESULTS: Results showed that the PPBL and HPBL instructional methods, in comparison with COTL, enhanced the students' overall and higher-order performances in Pediatric Nursing, and induced higher level of instructional efficiency with less mental effort (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing*
  6. Abusafia AH, Roslan NS, Mohd Yusoff D, Mat Nor MZ
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Aug;13(4):370-376.
    PMID: 31435349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.003
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate academic dishonesty among nursing students at a public university in Malaysia.

    Methods: This study utilized a descriptive and cross-sectional design to evaluate academic dishonesty among nursing students using a purposive sampling method. The participants of this study consisted of 201 students from diploma (Year 2 and 3) and degree (Year 2 to Year 4) nursing programmes. A self-administered, validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Institutional ethics committee clearance was obtained prior to commencement of the study.

    Results: The results of this study showed that 82.1% and 74.6% of nursing students had engaged at least once in an act of academic dishonesty in an academic or clinical setting, respectively. The most frequent form of academic dishonesty in an academic setting was plagiarism (77.1%). There was a significant association between gender and academic dishonesty in a clinical setting (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  7. Arunasalam N
    Nurse Res, 2018 Jun 07;26(1):23-27.
    PMID: 29799178 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2018.e1557
    BACKGROUND: The interpretive paradigm and hermeneutic phenomenological design are the most popular methods used in international cross-cultural research in healthcare, nurse education and nursing practice. Their inherent appeal is that they help researchers to explore experiences. The ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation can also be used to provide meaning, clarity and insight.

    AIM: To examine the use of hermeneutic phenomenology and the ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation in a research study conducted with Malaysian nurses on part-time, transnational, post-registration, top-up nursing degree programmes provided by one Australian and two UK universities.

    DISCUSSION: To enable the researcher to undertake international cross-cultural research and illuminate Malaysian nurses' views for the reader, cultural aspects need to be considered, as they will influence the information participants provide. Useful strategies that western researchers can adopt to co-create research texts with interviewees are outlined. The paradigm and research designs used in the study revealed the views and experiences of Malaysian nurses.

    CONCLUSION: Hermeneutic phenomenology enabled the exploration of participants' experiences, and the ethnographic principle of cultural interpretation enabled the researcher's reflexivity to provide emic and etic views for the reader.

    IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This paper adds to the discussion of the paradigms and research designs used for international, cross-cultural research in Asia. It identifies the influence participants' cultural values have on their confidence and level of disclosure with western researchers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing/psychology*
  8. Tan K, Chong MC, Subramaniam P, Wong LP
    Nurse Educ Today, 2018 May;64:180-189.
    PMID: 29500999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.12.030
    BACKGROUND: Outcome Based Education (OBE) is a student-centered approach of curriculum design and teaching that emphasize on what learners should know, understand, demonstrate and how to adapt to life beyond formal education. However, no systematic review has been seen to explore the effectiveness of OBE in improving the competencies of nursing students.

    OBJECTIVE: To appraise and synthesize the best available evidence that examines the effectiveness of OBE approaches towards the competencies of nursing students.

    DESIGN: A systematic review of interventional experimental studies.

    DATA SOURCES: Eight online databases namely CINAHL, EBSCO, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched.

    REVIEW METHODS: Relevant studies were identified using combined approaches of electronic database search without geographical or language filters but were limited to articles published from 2006 to 2016, handsearching journals and visually scanning references from retrieved studies. Two reviewers independently conducted the quality appraisal of selected studies and data were extracted.

    RESULTS: Six interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. Two of the studies were rated as high methodological quality and four were rated as moderate. Studies were published between 2009 and 2016 and were mostly from Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Results showed that OBE approaches improves competency in knowledge acquisition in terms of higher final course grades and cognitive skills, improve clinical skills and nursing core competencies and higher behavioural skills score while performing clinical skills. Learners' satisfaction was also encouraging as reported in one of the studies. Only one study reported on the negative effect.

    CONCLUSIONS: Although OBE approaches does show encouraging effects towards improving competencies of nursing students, more robust experimental study design with larger sample sizes, evaluating other outcome measures such as other areas of competencies, students' satisfaction, and patient outcomes are needed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing*
  9. Rusnani Ab Latif, Akehsan Dahlan, Zamzaliza Ab Mulud, Mohd Zarawi Mat Nor
    MyJurnal
    The major component in nursing education is attachmnet at clinical practices to give the students experience,
    responsibility and understanding in care of the patient. Nurse educators and the clinical nurse instructors are
    responsible for coordinating the education of nursing students in clinical area. Currently practice using nursing
    processes is more familiar to compare than concept mapping care plan among the nurses and nursing students.
    Nursing care plan or nursing process has been utilized at the clinical setting to assess the actual and potential
    health problems of the patients. However, the format of nursing care plans makes challenging to the students,
    especially for new students in semester one to gather the information based on patients problems. In addition,
    this nursing process evaluation is one of examination tools for them in running assessments. Therefore, the
    development of concept mapping care plan at clinical practices was used to evalaute the students academic
    achievement in clinical pratices. Concept mapping care plan was found to enhance the knowledge and
    understanding of the nursing students and also improving the quality of clinical education. Nursing students
    who have good skills will perform certain procedures better than students having fewer skills. This affects the
    quality of work in the future as either a higher quality or of poor quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  10. Mardiana Mansor, Ayu Sulaini Jusoh, Lim, Chin Choon
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this article is to discuss the strengths and limitations of two teaching strategies currently utilized
    in Diploma in Nursing, in Malaysia. The diploma was started in 1994 with a 3 years duration of study. It also
    requires certificates of qualification from the Malaysian Quality Agency (MQA) and the Malaysian Board of
    Nursing.
    Teaching strategies of individual teachers differ according to their teaching styles and generalized lesson plans,
    which include structures, instructional objectives, outlines of teaching and learning tactics, and other
    accessories needed to implement the strategies. A strategy does not necessarily follow a single track all the
    time, but changes according to the demands of the situations such as the age, level, needs, interests and abilities
    of the students. Thus, strategy is a method that is more comprehensive. It is directional in nature and refers to
    the goal oriented activities of the teacher. Hence, it resembles science rather than arts.
    Lecture and simulation methods are the best teaching strategies for nursing students in Malaysia. The lecture
    method allows clarification on difficult concepts, organizes thinking, and promotes problem solving attitudes,
    whereas simulation provides students with the opportunity for proper social, emotional and intellectual
    development. Moreover, students are highly motivated by educational simulation, for they enjoy the learning
    process while participating in it.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  11. Segaran R., Ryan, Rancel Ronquilo
    MyJurnal
    Over the last few years, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) as part of its global marketing initiative opened its doors to international students to take up elective as well full time programmes. In September 2017, 36 nursing students from a university in China completed a 12-week elective /mobility programme in UMS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  12. R. Segaran, Mohd Amsyar Bacho, Asrani Yaco
    MyJurnal
    Organ transplant has become a main stream important medical procedure commonly used in hospitals. However, for organ transplant programme to be successful, it heavily relies on the public to voluntarily register for organ procurement. Effort to promote awareness and register public as organ donors has been ongoing, but public response to commit and register as donors has been lukewarm. Arguably, healthcare personnel and nurses are in a key position to educate and advocate for organ donation but often, ironically healthcare personal themselves are reluctant or unwilling to commit as organ donors. Thus, in the context of student nurses in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), the question arises, what is their stance and views regarding organ donation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  13. Hairie Aiery, Nur Izzati M. T, Ivyta D., Farah Ezora Shafine A. B., Sukhbeer K. Darsin Singh, R. Segaran
    MyJurnal
    The theory-practice gap is arguably the most important issue in nursing today, given that it challenges the concept of research-based practice, which is the basis of nursing as a profession. Majority of the student nurses shared their views that some of the practical procedures that they learned during their theory sessions were different from what was practised in the wards which caused some worries among the students that it may affect their performance during their Obstructive Structured Clinical Examination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  14. Jamaludin TSS, Zakaria MA, Saidi S, Chong MC
    MyJurnal
    Objective: As the incidence of emergencies has steadily increased in recent years, it is important to en-sure that individuals, including university students, are adequately trained to deal with such events. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of, and attitudes towards, first aid among IIUM Kuantan campus students.

    Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey with stratified random sam-pling study was conducted among 348 students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire which was adapted from Hong Kong Red Cross. The questionnaire was available in both English and the Malay language.

    Results: A total of 42.8% participants had a moderate level of first aid knowledge. However, 90.8% participants had aware-ness of and a positive attitude towards first aid knowledge. On the other hand, 55.4% of study participants had not experienced taking first aid courses and they had little knowledge of this. There were significant associations between gender, Kulliyyah or faculty, year of study, and first aid training experience, and the level of first aid knowledge based on a one-way ANOVA test with p-values of < 0.05 representing statistical significance.

    Conclusion: The findings indicate that most health sciences university students have good awareness and attitudes towards first aid. Nevertheless, implementation of regular educational programs with structured modules may be able to improve their knowledge of first aid practices and skills.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  15. Fatimah Sham, Siti Munirah Abdul Wahab, Nor Afizah Ramli, Norlia Anuar, Wan Nor Izzatul Huda Wan Hassan
    MyJurnal
    Clinical posting is the most important part in nursing education, requiring knowledge, skills, and the right
    attitude to facilitate the development to be a professional nurse. However, clinical posting was found to be the
    most stressful phase for nursing students throughout their education process in most countries. As nursing
    students enter the real hospital environment with the lack of knowledge and nursing skills, their health can be
    affected. The aim of this study is to assess the level of stress and physio-psycho-social symptoms among
    nursing students in a public university during clinical posting. This cross-sectional study design involved 181
    undergraduate nursing students who had completed their clinical posting in a government hospital. The
    results showed that the nursing students experienced stress most of time especially during their clinical
    posting. The most common cause of stress was from the workload and assignment and the most common
    response to stress was behavioral symptoms. This study revealed that the residence where these students lived
    had significance with the level of stress during their clinical posting (p=0.01). Detecting early stress events,
    creating more effective environment and understanding the effectiveness of coping behaviors may help
    nursing educators reduce the negative effects of stress which will altogether help students handle stress more
    effectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  16. Rusnani Ab Latif
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The effectiveness of teaching and learning process is highly dependent on the methods and
    strategies of teaching and learning practices. As a result, nurse educator must choose and use the suitable
    method to help the nursing students to achieve the learning objective.

    Methodology: There were 218 respondents. This study consisted of two-group quasi experimental study
    with pre- and post-test design. The experimental and control groups received education using concept
    mapping and lecture method respectively. The data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistic.

    Results: In the pre-test, students were taught using concept mapping. These students had achievement
    mean scores of 11.23, SD=2.59 and post–test was 13.19, SD=1.71 with mean gain scores of 1.96. Students
    who were taught using lecture method had an achievement mean scores of 10.71, SD=2.23 in the pre-test
    and post-test was 12.60, SD=1.64 with mean gain scores of 1.89. The results showed an increase in grade
    achievement, the percentage pass for the experimental group increased from 95.4% in pre-test to 100% in
    the post-test. The percentage pass for control group had increased from 93.57% in pre-test increased to
    99.08% in the post-test.

    Conclusion: Student-centered learning is a teaching method that is active and can change passive to active
    learning. Findings from several reviewed studies suggest that using concept mapping can improve
    academic performance in nursing education and is a valuable teaching strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  17. Zulainah Osman, Chan, Siok Gim
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this project was to determine stress levels and to identify the main stressors that contribute to stress among Kolej Poly-Tech Mara (KPTM) nursing students during their clinical placement in order to help them overcome it. Atotal of 324 respondents undergoing training at KPTM participated in this project. The questionnaire consisting of six common stressors with 30 items using a 5-point Likert Scale was used to measure the level of stress among the respondents during their clinical placement. The data collected was examined for normal distribution, and inferential statistics such as correlations were used to seek relationships. The results indicated that the main stressors that contributed to stress among KPTM nursing students were from both environment, along with assignments and workload. There was moderate level of stress among KPTM nursing students during clinical placement and the factor that contributed to stress was due to the the possibility of making an error. Clinical placement is an essential component for nursing student's training. The practice allows nursing students the opportunity to relate the theory into practice during nursing care towards the patients. Findingsfrom this study will provide the nursing educators, clinical instructors with a meaningful understanding of the importance of clinical placement experience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  18. Norfadzilah Ahmad, Nurul Hamidah Khairul Anwar
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan nursing students, clinical nurse instructors, and staff nurses of the support offered to student nurses during learning in a clinical setting.

    Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on undergraduate nursing students (n=118), and clinical instructors (n=8) at the faculty or Kulliyyah of Nursing, IIUM, using the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES-T) survey. Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the sociodemographic data, and further statistical tests were conducted with regard to their levels of perception.

    Results: Overall, the participants perceived the clinical learning environment to be good. There was no difference in perception between nursing students and the clinical nurse instructors (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of gender and levels of perception (p>0.05). This study did find a significant relationship between level of study and area of posting for students and perception levels (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  19. Al-Mahmood SMA, Rahim H, Othman N, Ibrahim WN
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its association with perceived stress levels among nursing students at the International Islamic University Malaysia.
    Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. A three-part questionnaire was used to gather data on stress levels and IBS symptoms. Part A posed questions on socio-demographic aspects. In part B, a Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure individuals’ perceived stress. Part C used a questionnaire developed by the World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) with the support of Danone.
    Results: The response rate was 85.5%: out of 200 students, 171 completed the questionnaires. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between stress levels and IBS (p = 0.006), where students who experienced moderate stress (151, 88.3%) were more exposed to IBS (60, 39.7%). There is no association between the characteristics of subjects with IBS and their level of stress (P > 0.05).
    Conclusion: The prevalence of IBS among the students in this study was roughly moderate. The frequency of moderate stress levels was high and there was a significant association with IBS. On the other hand, subject characteristics, e.g. smoking habits, were insignificantly associated with IBS and stress level (SL).
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
  20. Mardiana Mansor, Ayu Sulaini Jusoh, Rosmawati Mansor, Lim, Chin Choon
    MyJurnal
    Currently, the development of information technology and the increase in the number of nursing students occur drastically. Based on this premise, the purpose of this article is to shed light into the future development of curriculum for the nursing field. Philosophy is considered one of the most important components of both education system and curriculum, because the educational philosophies reflect the social, economic and political aspects of a society, in which they are applied. As an educator, understanding the philosophy to be adapted in the curriculum and learning process is important, to provide a framework for the best performance of both the teacher and the student. In conclusion, it is important to implement the philosophy of curriculum in the education program as each philosophy aids in the principles and guidelines of the learning process. Globally, most programs are usually based on the philosophy related to that program. Therefore, as an educator, we must know the philosophical development of the curriculum of education, so that we are able to analyse and choose which is appropriate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
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