Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 171 in total

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  1. Respiratory epithelium, production performance and behaviour of formaldehyde-exposed broiler chicks
    Zulkifli I, Fauziah O, Omar AR, Shaipullizan S, Siti Selina AH
    Vet Res Commun, 1999 Mar;23(2):91-9.
    PMID: 10359153
    Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of formaldehyde vaporization of a hatcher on the tracheal epithelium of chick embryos, and on the production performance and behaviour of commercial broiler chicks. In experiment 1, chick embryos were exposed to 23.5 ppm of formaldehyde vapour during the last 3 days of incubation. Tracheal samples were taken at 0, 6, 30 and 54 h after exposure to formaldehyde and examined by scanning electron microscopy for pathological changes. Observable lesions included excessive accumulation of mucus, matted cilia, loss of cilia and sloughing of the epithelium. The lesions were more severe in chicks exposed for 54 h as compared to those exposed for 6 or 30 h. In experiment 2, 60 chicks that had been exposed to formaldehyde vapour as above and 60 control chicks were used to investigate the effect of formaldehyde fumigation on production performance and behaviour. Formaldehyde vaporization resulted in higher weekly (days 0-6 and 21-27) and total (days 0-41) feed intake and poorer weekly (days 0-6, 7-13, 21-27 and 28-34) and overall (days 0-41) feed conversion ratios. Body weight, mortality and behaviour (eating, drinking, sitting and standing activities) were not affected by formaldehyde fumigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects
  2. Fulltext Stimulatory Secretions of Airway Epithelial Cells Accelerate Early Repair of Tracheal Epithelium
    Kardia E, Mohamed R, Yahaya BH
    Sci Rep, 2017 09 15;7(1):11732.
    PMID: 28916766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11992-6
    Airway stem/progenitor epithelial cells (AECs) are notable for their differentiation capacities in response to lung injury. Our previous finding highlighted the regenerative capacity of AECs following transplantation in repairing tracheal injury and reducing the severity of alveolar damage associated acute lung injury in a rabbit model. The goal of this study is to further investigate the potential of AECs to re-populate the tracheal epithelium and to study their stimulatory effect on inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial cell migration and proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process following tracheal injury. Two in vitro culture assays were applied in this study; the direct co-culture assay that involved a culture of decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AECs in a rotating tube, and indirect co-culture assay that utilized microporous membrane-well chamber system to separate the partially decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AEC culture. The co-culture assays provided evidence of the stimulatory behaviour of AECs to enhance tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and migration during early wound repair. Factors that were secreted by AECs also markedly suppressed the production of IL-1β and IL-6 and initiated the EMT process during tracheal remodelling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/metabolism*
  3. In silico identification of genes involved in chronic metabolic acidosis
    Sheikh IA, Malik A, AlBasri SFM, Beg MA
    Life Sci, 2018 Jan 01;192:246-252.
    PMID: 29138116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.014
    AIMS: Chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) refers to increased plasma acidity due to disturbed acid-base equilibrium in human body. CMA leads to many dysfunctions including disorders of intestinal metabolism and barrier functions. The human body responds to these intestinal dysfunctions by creating a compensatory mechanism at genomic level in intestinal epithelial cells. This study was to identify the molecular pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction and compensatory adaptations in intestinal epithelium during CMA.

    MAIN METHODS: In silico approaches were utilized to characterize a set of 88 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from intestinal cells of rat CMA model. Interaction networks were constructed for DEGs by GeneMANIA and hub genes as well as enriched clusters in the network were screened using GLay. Gene Ontology (GO) was used for enriching functions in each cluster.

    KEY FINDINGS: Four gene hubs, i.e., trefoil factor 1, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5a, solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter), member 11, and glutamate receptor, ionotropic, n-methyl d-aspartate 2b, exhibiting the highest node degree were predicted. Six biologically related gene clusters were also predicted. Functional enrichment of GO terms predicted neurological processes such as neurological system process regulation and nerve impulse transmission which are related to negative and positive regulation of digestive system processes., intestinal motility and absorption and maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium.

    SIGNIFICANCE: The study predicted several important genomic pathways that potentially play significant roles in metabolic disruptions or compensatory adaptations of intestinal epithelium induced by CMA. The results provide a further insight into underlying molecular mechanisms associated with CMA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  4. Fulltext [Zinc induces normoxic accumulation of transcriptionally active hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in mammary epithelial cells]
    Lee SY, Mustafa S, Ching YW, Shafee N
    Mol Biol (Mosk), 2017 3 3;51(1):104-110.
    PMID: 28251972 DOI: 10.7868/S0026898417010116
    Both zinc and the α-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) play important roles in the remodelling of mammary gland tissues. In the present study, we examined the level and the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α in mammary cells upon zinc treatment. In MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma and MCF-10A mammary epithelial cell lines, the toxicity levels of zinc differ. Interestingly, both cell lines overexpress HIF-1α following zinc treatment. As it was evident from an up-regulation of its specific target gene CA9 that encodes carbonic anhydrase IX, the stabilized HIF-1α translocated to the nucleus and was transcriptionally active. Hence, we conclude that zinc causes normoxic accumulation of transcriptionally active HIF-1α by interfering with its post-translational regulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells*
  5. Fulltext Differential expression of stem cell-like proteins in normal, hyperplastic and dysplastic oral epithelium
    Barakat SM, Siar CH
    J Appl Oral Sci, 2015 Jan-Feb;23(1):79-86.
    PMID: 25760270 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140245
    The identification of stem cells (SC) remains challenging. In the human oral mucosal epithelium, these cells are believed to be in the basal layer (stem cell niche), but their exact location is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the dysplastic oral epithelium for these SC-like proteins in order to assess their diagnostic value as biomarkers complementing the histological grading of dysplasia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/metabolism*; Epithelial Cells/pathology
  6. Autophagy in Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastric Cancer
    Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Goh KL, Fock KM, Mitchell HM
    Helicobacter, 2015 Oct;20(5):353-69.
    PMID: 25664588 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12211
    Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, plays a pivotal role in infection and inflammation. Given that defects in autophagy lead to increased susceptibility to infection, we investigated the role of autophagy in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/immunology; Epithelial Cells/microbiology
  7. Fulltext Transcriptional profiling of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in CRFK cells and in PBMCs from FIP diagnosed cats
    Harun MS, Kuan CO, Selvarajah GT, Wei TS, Arshad SS, Hair Bejo M, et al.
    Virol J, 2013;10:329.
    PMID: 24209771 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-329
    BACKGROUND:
    Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal systemic disease, caused by the FIP Virus (FIPV); a virulent mutant of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV). Currently, the viruses virulence determinants and host gene expressions during FIPV infection are not fully understood.

    METHODS:
    RNA sequencing of Crandell Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells, infected with FIPV strain 79-1146 at 3 hours post infection (h.p.i), were sequenced using the Illumina next generation sequencing approach. Bioinformatic's analysis, based on Felis catus 2X annotated shotgun reference genome, using CLC bio Genome Workbench mapped both control and infected cell reads to 18899 genes out of 19046 annotated genes. Kal's Z test statistical analysis was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes from the infected CRFK cells. Real time RT-qPCR was developed for further transcriptional profiling of three genes (PD-1, PD-L1 and A3H) in infected CRFK cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy and FIP-diseased cats.

    RESULTS:
    Based on Kal's Z-test, with False Discovery Rate (FDR) <0.05 and >1.99 fold change on gene expressions, a total of 61 genes were differentially expressed by both samples, where 44 genes were up-regulated and the remainder were down-regulated. Most genes were closely clustered together, suggesting a homogeneous expression. The majority of the genes that were significantly regulated, were those associated with monocytes-macrophage and Th1 cell functions, and the regulation of apoptosis. Real time RT-qPCR developed focusing on 2 up-regulated genes (PD-L1 and A3H) together with an apoptosis associated gene PD-1 expressions in FIPV infected CRFK cells and in PBMCs from healthy and FIP diagnosed cats produced concordant results with transcriptome data.

    CONCLUSION:
    The possible roles of these genes, and their importance in feline coronaviruses infection, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/immunology; Epithelial Cells/virology
  8. Organotypic culture of human amnion cells in air-liquid interface as a potential substitute for skin regeneration
    Fatimah SS, Chua K, Tan GC, Azmi TI, Tan AE, Abdul Rahman H
    Cytotherapy, 2013 Aug;15(8):1030-41.
    PMID: 23830235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.05.003
    The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of air-liquid interface on the differentiation potential of human amnion epithelial cells (HAECs) to skin-like substitute in organotypic culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology; Epithelial Cells/metabolism*
  9. Fulltext Human respiratory epithelial cells from nasal turbinate expressed stem cell genes even after serial passaging
    Ruszymah BH, Izham BA, Heikal MY, Khor SF, Fauzi MB, Aminuddin BS
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):440-2.
    PMID: 22390097 MyJurnal
    Current development in the field of tissue engineering led to the idea of repairing and regenerating the respiratory airway through in vitro reconstruction using autologous respiratory epithelial (RE). To ensure the capability of proliferation, the stem cell property of RE cells from the nasal turbinate should be evaluated. Respiratory epithelial cells from six human nasal turbinates were harvested and cultured in vitro. The gene expression of FZD-9 and BST-1 were expressed in passage 2 (P2) and passage 4 (P4). The levels of expression were not significant between both passages. The RE cells exhibit the stem cell properties, which remains even after serial passaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology*; Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  10. Treatment with bindarit, an inhibitor of MCP-1 synthesis, protects mice against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis
    Bhatia M, Landolfi C, Basta F, Bovi G, Ramnath RD, de Joannon AC, et al.
    Inflamm Res, 2008 Oct;57(10):464-71.
    PMID: 18827968 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-008-7210-y
    Chemokines play a fundamental role in trafficking and activation of leukocytes in colonic inflammation. We investigated the ability of bindarit, an inhibitor of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) synthesis, to inhibit chemokine production by human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) and its effect in trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology; Epithelial Cells/drug effects
  11. Current progress and challenges in ocular surface reconstruction using cultivated epithelial sheet transplantation
    Inatomi T, Nakamura T, Koizumi N, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:42.
    PMID: 19024975
    The cultivated epithelial transplantation is a new surgical modality for treating a variety of severe ocular surface disorders. This type of tissue-engineered epithelial sheet provides a rapid epithelial coverage on the corneal surface that reduces inflammation and postoperative complications. Although cultivated corneal epithelial transplantation is an effective surgical strategy, autologous transplantation is limited to unilateral cases. Autologous cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) enables surgeons to reconstruct the ocular surface using autologous, non-ocular surface cells, and has opened a new pathway for treating severe, bilateral ocular surface disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology*; Epithelial Cells/transplantation
  12. Fulltext The effects of acacia honey on in vitro corneal abrasion wound healing model
    Ker-Woon C, Abd Ghafar N, Hui CK, Mohd Yusof YA, Wan Ngah WZ
    BMC Cell Biol., 2015;16:2.
    PMID: 25887200 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0053-9
    Acacia honey (AH) has been proven to improve skin wound healing, but its therapeutic effects on corneal epithelium has not been elucidated to date. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AH on cultured corneal epithelial cells (CEC) on in vitro corneal abrasion wound healing model. Six New Zealand white rabbits' CEC were isolated and cultured until passage 1. Circular wound area was created onto a confluent monolayer CEC using a corneal trephine which mimicked corneal abrasion and treated with 0.025% AH supplemented in basal medium (BM) and complete cornea medium (CCM). Wound healing was measured as the percentage of wound closure by the migration of CEC on day 0, day 3 and day 6, post wound creation. The morphological changes of CEC were assessed via phase contrast microscopy. Gene and protein expressions of cytokeratin (CK3), fibronectin and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) in AH treated groups and control groups were determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology*; Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  13. Fulltext Preparation, characterization and therapeutic properties of gum arabic-stabilized gallic acid nanoparticles
    Hassani A, Azarian MMS, Ibrahim WN, Hussain SA
    Sci Rep, 2020 10 20;10(1):17808.
    PMID: 33082415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71175-8
    Gallic acid (GA) is a natural phenolic compound with therapeutic effects that are often challenged by its rapid metabolism and clearance. Therefore,  GA was encapsulated using gum arabic into nanoparticles to increase its bioavailability. The formulated nanoparticles (GANPs) were characterized for physicochemical properties and size and were then evaluated for antioxidant and antihypertensive effects using various established in vitro assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide scavenging (NO), β-carotene bleaching and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory assays. The GANPs were further evaluated for the in vitro cytotoxicity, cell uptake and cell migration in four types of human cancer cell lines including (MCF-7, MDA-MB231) breast adenocarcinoma, HepG2 hepatocellular cancer, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma, and MCF-10A breast epithelial cell lines. The GANPs demonstrated potent antioxidant effects and have shown promising anti-cancer properties in a dose-dependent manner with a predilection toward HepG2 and MCF7 cancer cells. The uptake of GANPs was successful in the majority of cancer cells with a propensity to accumulate in the nuclear region of the cells. The HepG2 and MCF7 cancer cells also had a significantly higher percentage of apoptosis and were more sensitive to gallic acid nanoparticle treatment in the cell migration assay. This study is the first to confirm the synergistic effects of gum arabic in the encapsulation of gallic acid by increasing the selectivity towards cancer cells and enhancing  the antioxidant properties. The formulated nanoparticles also had remarkably low toxicity in normal cells. Based on these findings, GANPs may have promising therapeutic applications towards the development of more effective treatments with a probable targeting precision in cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects; Epithelial Cells/physiology*
  14. Fulltext Chemical composition and in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of fractions of essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus L
    Muhd Haffiz J, Norhayati I, Getha K, Nor Azah MA, Mohd Ilham A, Lili Sahira H, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;30(1):9-14.
    PMID: 23665703 MyJurnal
    Essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei BS221 (IC50 = 0.31 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and cytotoxic effect on normal kidney (Vero) cells (IC50 = >100 μg/mL). The crude essential oil was subjected to various chromatography techniques afforded active sub fractions with antitrypanosomal activity; F4 (IC50 = 0.61 ± 0.06 μg/mL), F6 (IC50= 0.73 ± 0.33 μg/mL), F7 (IC50 = 1.15 ± 0 μg/mL) and F8 (IC50 = 1.11 ± 0.01 μg/mL). These active fractions did not exhibit any toxic effects against Vero cell lines and the chemical profiles investigation indicated presence of α-and γ-eudesmol, elemol, α-cadinol and eugenol by GC/MS analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects; Epithelial Cells/physiology
  15. Fulltext A Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Line Model for Limbal Stem Cell Biology and Limbal Immunobiology
    Shaharuddin B, Ahmad S, Md Latar N, Ali S, Meeson A
    Stem Cells Transl Med, 2017 03;6(3):761-766.
    PMID: 28297580 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0175
    Limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency is a visually debilitating condition caused by abnormal maintenance of LSCs. It is treated by transplantation of donor-derived limbal epithelial cells (LECs), the success of which depends on the presence and quality of LSCs within the transplant. Understanding the immunobiological responses of these cells within the transplants could improve cell engraftment and survival. However, human corneal rings used as a source of LSCs are not always readily available for research purposes. As an alternative, we hypothesized that a human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cell (HTCEC) line could be used as a model for studying LSC immunobiology. HTCEC constitutively expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not class II molecules. However, when stimulated by interferon-γ, HTCECs then expressed HLA class II antigens. Some HTCECs were also migratory in response to CXCL12 and expressed stem cell markers, Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. In addition because both HTCECs and LECs contain side population (SP) cells, which are an enriched LSC population, we used these SP cells to show that some HTCEC SP cells coexpressed ABCG2 and ABCB5. HTCEC SP and non-side population (NSP) cells also expressed CXCR4, but the SP cells expressed higher levels. Both were capable of colony formation, but the NSP colonies were smaller and contained fewer cells. In addition, HTCECs expressed ΔNp63α. These results suggest the HTCEC line is a useful model for further understanding LSC biology by using an in vitro approach without reliance on a supply of human tissue. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:761-766.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/cytology; Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  16. Fulltext RNA sequencing analysis of human podocytes reveals glucocorticoid regulated gene networks targeting non-immune pathways
    Jiang L, Hindmarch CC, Rogers M, Campbell C, Waterfall C, Coghill J, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 10 24;6:35671.
    PMID: 27774996 DOI: 10.1038/srep35671
    Glucocorticoids are steroids that reduce inflammation and are used as immunosuppressive drugs for many diseases. They are also the mainstay for the treatment of minimal change nephropathy (MCN), which is characterised by an absence of inflammation. Their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Evidence suggests that immunomodulatory drugs can directly act on glomerular epithelial cells or 'podocytes', the cell type which is the main target of injury in MCN. To understand the nature of glucocorticoid effects on non-immune cell functions, we generated RNA sequencing data from human podocyte cell lines and identified the genes that are significantly regulated in dexamethasone-treated podocytes compared to vehicle-treated cells. The upregulated genes are of functional relevance to cytoskeleton-related processes, whereas the downregulated genes mostly encode pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. We observed a tendency for dexamethasone-upregulated genes to be downregulated in MCN patients. Integrative analysis revealed gene networks composed of critical signaling pathways that are likely targeted by dexamethasone in podocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects*; Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  17. Disruption of repressive p130-DREAM complexes by human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7 oncoproteins is required for cell-cycle progression in cervical cancer cells
    Nor Rashid N, Yusof R, Watson RJ
    J Gen Virol, 2011 Nov;92(Pt 11):2620-2627.
    PMID: 21813705 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.035352-0
    Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) with tropism for mucosal epithelia are the major aetiological factors in cervical cancer. Most cancers are associated with so-called high-risk HPV types, in particular HPV16, and constitutive expression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins is critical for malignant transformation in infected keratinocytes. E6 and E7 bind to and inactivate the cellular tumour suppressors p53 and Rb, respectively, thus delaying differentiation and inducing proliferation in suprabasal keratinocytes to enable HPV replication. One member of the Rb family, p130, appears to be a particularly important target for E7 in promoting S-phase entry. Recent evidence indicates that p130 regulates cell-cycle progression as part of a large protein complex termed DREAM. The composition of DREAM is cell cycle-regulated, associating with E2F4 and p130 in G0/G1 and with the B-myb transcription factor in S/G2. In this study, we addressed whether p130-DREAM is disrupted in HPV16-transformed cervical cancer cells and whether this is a critical function for E6/E7. We found that p130-DREAM was greatly diminished in HPV16-transformed cervical carcinoma cells (CaSki and SiHa) compared with control cell lines; however, when E6/E7 expression was targeted by specific small hairpin RNAs, p130-DREAM was reformed and the cell cycle was arrested. We further demonstrated that the profound G1 arrest in E7-depleted CaSki cells was dependent on p130-DREAM reformation by also targeting the expression of the DREAM component Lin-54 and p130. The results show that continued HPV16 E6/E7 expression is necessary in cervical cancer cells to prevent cell-cycle arrest by a repressive p130-DREAM complex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/physiology; Epithelial Cells/virology
  18. Helicobacter pylori outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) suppresses apoptosis of AGS gastric cells in vitro
    Al-Maleki AR, Loke MF, Lui SY, Ramli NSK, Khosravi Y, Ng CG, et al.
    Cell. Microbiol., 2017 12;19(12).
    PMID: 28776327 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12771
    Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) is an important virulence factor associated with gastric cancer and ulcer development; however, the results have not been well established and turned out to be controversial. This study aims to elucidate the role of OipA in Helicobacter pylori infection using clinical strains harbouring oipA "on" and "off" motifs. Proteomics analysis was performed on AGS cell pre-infection and postinfection with H. pylori oipA "on" and "off" strains, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AGS apoptosis and cell cycle assays were performed. Moreover, expression of vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) was screened using Western blotting. AGS proteins that have been suggested previously to play a role or associated with gastric disease were down-regulated postinfection with oipA "off" strains comparing to oipA "on" strains. Furthermore, oipA "off" and ΔoipA cause higher level of AGS cells apoptosis and G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest than oipA "on" strains. Interestingly, deletion of oipA increased bacterial VacA production. The capability of H. pylori to induce apoptosis and suppress expression of proteins having roles in human disease in the absence of oipA suggests that strains not expressing OipA may be less virulent or may even be protective against carcinogenesis compared those expressing OipA. This potentially explains the higher incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia where oipA "on" strains predominates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/microbiology*; Epithelial Cells/physiology*
  19. Lutein improves cell viability and reduces Alu RNA accumulation in hydrogen peroxide challenged retinal pigment epithelial cells
    Chong YS, Mai CW, Leong CO, Wong LC
    Cutan Ocul Toxicol, 2018 Mar;37(1):52-60.
    PMID: 28554225 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1335748
    PURPOSE: Dysfunction of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme DICER1 and Alu RNA accumulation are linked to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study determined the optimal dose of lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA) to protect human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effect of the optimal dose of LUT and ZEA as DICER1 and Alu RNA modulators in cultured human RPE cells challenged with H2O2 was investigated.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with LUT, ZEA, or both for 24 h before 200 μM H2O2 challenge. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DICER1 and Alu RNA were quantified by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

    RESULTS: H2O2 increased cell Alu RNA expression and decreased cell viability of ARPE-19, but had no significant impact on the DICER1 protein level. LUT, alone and in combination with ZEA pre-treatment, prior to H2O2 challenge significantly improved cell viability of ARPE-19 and reduced the level of Alu RNA compared to the negative control.

    CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of LUT alone, and in combination with ZEA, in AMD prevention and treatment. This study is also the first to report LUT modulating effects on Alu RNA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/drug effects*; Epithelial Cells/metabolism
  20. Fulltext Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development
    Balasubramaniam SD, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE, Kaur G
    Medicina (Kaunas), 2019 Jul 17;55(7).
    PMID: 31319555 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070384
    Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells are key early events in the neoplastic progression of cervical lesions. The viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, are responsible for the initial changes in epithelial cells. The viral proteins inactivate two main tumour suppressor proteins, p53, and retinoblastoma (pRb). Inactivation of these host proteins disrupts both the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Multiple genes involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation, growth factor activity, angiogenesis, as well as mitogenesis genes become highly expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. This genomic instability encourages HPV-infected cells to progress towards invasive carcinoma. The key molecular events involved in cervical carcinogenesis will be discussed in this review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epithelial Cells/pathology*; Epithelial Cells/virology
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