Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 594 in total

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  1. Carbon nanotubes fibres/aluminium-NiZnFe2O4 based electromagnetic transmitter for improved magnitude versus offset (MVO) in a scaled marine environment
    Yahya N, Akhtar MN, Nasir N, Shafie A, Jabeli MS, Koziol K
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2012 Oct;12(10):8100-9.
    PMID: 23421185
    In seabed logging the magnitude of electromagnetic (EM) waves for the detection of a hydrocarbon reservoir in the marine environment is very important. Having a strong EM source for exploration target 4000 m below the sea floor is a very challenging task. A new carbon nanotubes (CNT) fibres/aluminium based EM transmitter is developed and NiZn ferrite as magnetic feeders was used in a scaled tank to evaluate the presence of oil. Resistive scaled tank experiments with a scale factor of 2000 were carried out. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were done to characterize the synthesized magnetic feeders. Single phase Ni0.76Mg0.04Zn0.2Fe2O4, obtained by the sol-gel method and sintered at 700 degrees C in air, has a [311] major peak. FESEM results show nanoparticles with average diameters of 17-45 nm. Samples which have a high Q-factor (approximately 50) was used as magnetic feeders for the EM transmitter. The magnitude of the EM waves of this new EM transmitter increases up to 400%. A curve fitting method using MATLAB software was done to evaluate the performance of the new EM transmitter. The correlation value with CNT fibres/aluminium-NiZnFe2O4 base transmitter shows a 152.5% increase of the magnetic field strength in the presence of oil. Modelling of the scale tank which replicates the marine environment was done using the Finite Element Method (FEM). In conclusion, FEM was able to delineate the presence of oil with greater magnitude of E-field (16.89%) and the B field (4.20%) due to the new EM transmitter.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  2. Fulltext Carbonate hydroxyapatite and silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite: synthesis, mechanical properties, and solubility evaluations
    Bang LT, Long BD, Othman R
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:969876.
    PMID: 24723840 DOI: 10.1155/2014/969876
    The present study investigates the chemical composition, solubility, and physical and mechanical properties of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3Ap) and silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (Si-CO3Ap) which have been prepared by a simple precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques were used to characterize the formation of CO3Ap and Si-CO3Ap. The results revealed that the silicate (SiO4(4-)) and carbonate (CO3(2-)) ions competed to occupy the phosphate (PO4(3-)) site and also entered simultaneously into the hydroxyapatite structure. The Si-substituted CO3Ap reduced the powder crystallinity and promoted ion release which resulted in a better solubility compared to that of Si-free CO3Ap. The mean particle size of Si-CO3Ap was much finer than that of CO3Ap. At 750°C heat-treatment temperature, the diametral tensile strengths (DTS) of Si-CO3Ap and CO3Ap were about 10.8 ± 0.3 and 11.8 ± 0.4 MPa, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  3. Catalytic performance of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 for slurry methanol synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation: Effect of Cu/Zn Molar Ratio
    Salina Shaharun, Maizatul S. Shaharun, Mohamad F.M. Shah, Nurul A. Amer
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:207-214.
    Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is an attractive way to recycle and utilize CO2. A series of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 catalysts (CZAZ) containing different molar ratios of Cu/Zn were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Higher surface area, SABET values (42.6-59.9 m2/g) were recorded at low (1) and high (5) Cu/Zn ratios with the minimum value of 35.71 m2/g was found for a Cu/Zn of 3. The reducibility of the metal oxides formed after calcination of catalyst samples was also affected due to change in metal-support interaction. At a reaction temperature of 443 K, total gas pressure of 3.0 MPa and 0.1 g/mL of the CZAZ catalyst, the selectivity to methanol decreased as the Cu/Zn molar ratio increased, and the maximum selectivity of 93.9 was achieved at Cu/Zn molar ratio of 0.33. With a reaction time of 3h, the best performing catalyst was CZAZ75 with Cu/Zn molar ratio of 5 giving methanol yield of 6.4%.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  4. Catalytic study on TiO2 photocatalyst synthesised via microemulsion method on atrazine
    Ruslimie C, Hasmizam Razali, Wan M. Khairul
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Titanium dioxide photocatalyst was synthesised by microemulsions method under controlled hydrolysis of titanium butoxide, Ti(O(CH2)3)CH3. The synthesised TiO2 photocatalyst was compared with Sigma-commercial TiO2 by carrying out the investigation on its properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photocatalytic activities for both photocatalysts were studied for atrazine photodegradation.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  5. Cellulose Supported Pd(II) Complex Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bonds Formation
    Sarkar SM, Rashid SS, Karim KMR, Mustapha SNH, Lian YM, Zamri N, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 05 01;19(5):2856-2861.
    PMID: 30501791 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16289
    Corn-cobs are an agro-industrial waste and composed of cellulose mostly. In this study cellulose was isolated from the waste corn-cobs and modified to polymeric hydroxamic acid palladium complex 1 and characterized by using a variety of spectroscopic methods such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The complex 1 exhibited high catalytic activity towards Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions of activated and deactivated aryl halides to give the respective coupling products with high yield. Moreover, the complex 1 was recovered and recycled five times with no considerable loss of catalytic overall performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  6. Characterisation of a remineralising Glass Carbomer® ionomer cement by MAS-NMR spectroscopy
    Zainuddin N, Karpukhina N, Law RV, Hill RG
    Dent Mater, 2012 Oct;28(10):1051-8.
    PMID: 22841162 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.06.011
    The purpose of this study was to characterize commercial glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) or glass ionomer cement (GIC), Glass Carbomer(®), which is designed to promote remineralization to fluorapatite (FAp) in the mouth. The setting reaction of the cement was followed using magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  7. Characteristics and performance of a mesoporous cerium-aluminum-silver mixed oxide for removal of methyl Violet Dye
    Phatai P, Srisomang R
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1477-1485.
    In this study, the adsorption efficiency of methyl violet (MV) dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7 and Ce0.3Al0.7Agx (x = 0.1, 0.3 & 0.5) mixed oxides was investigated. The properties of mixed oxide were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Characterization showed that synthesized mixed oxide with fluorite has a pure cubic structure of a mesoporous nature and a small grain size with rough surface. Batch adsorption experiments were used to study parameters including contact time and initial dye concentration. The results showed that these parameters affected the degree of MV dye adsorption. The dye adsorption of mixed oxides attained equilibrium at 120 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior of MV dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7 was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9951), providing a maximum monolayer adsorptive capacity of 2.35 mg/g. Alternatively, the adsorption of MV dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.1 (R2 = 0.7839), Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.3 (R2 = 0.9301) and Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.5 (R2 = 0.9396) followed the Freundlich isotherm. The possible adsorption mechanisms of MV dyes onto the Ce0.3Al0.7 and Ce0.3Al0.7Agx were also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  8. Fulltext Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles
    Aziz SB, Brza MA, Brevik I, Hamsan MH, Abdulwahid RT, Majid SR, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Nov 17;12(11).
    PMID: 33212879 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112718
    In this work, plasticized polymer electrolyte films consisting of chitosan, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and glycerol for utilization in energy storage devices was presented. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the concerned electrolyte and the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The nature of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components was examined via X-ray diffraction analysis. In the morphological study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer on the morphology of films. The polymer electrolyte (conducting membrane) was found to have a conductivity of 3.21 × 10-3 S/cm. It is indicated that the number density (n), mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are increased with the glycerol amount. The mechanism of charge storing was clarified, which implies a non-Faradaic process. The voltage window of the polymer electrolyte is 2.32 V. It was proved that the ion is responsible for charge-carrying via measuring the transference number (TNM). It was also determined that the internal resistance of the EDLC assembly lay between 39 and 50 Ω. The parameters associated with the EDLC assembly are of great importance and the specific capacitance (Cspe) was determined to be almost constant over 1 to 1000 cycles with an average of 124 F/g. Other decisive parameters were found: energy density (18 Wh/kg) and power density (2700 W/kg).
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  9. Characteristics of nanostructured CaxZn(I_x)Al204 thin films prepared by sol-gel method for GPS patch antennas
    Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal, Huda Abdullah, Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar, Sahbudin Shaari, Mohammad Thariqul Islam, Badariah Bais
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:833-842.
    CaxZn(1_x)Al204thin films (x = 0.00; 0 .05 ; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by sol-gel method with the substitution of Zn2+ by Ca" in the framework of ZnAl204. The effect of Ca addition on the structure and morphology of CaZnAl204thin films was investigated by x-ray diffraction (xRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDx), ultra-violet visible (uv-Vis) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The xRD patterns showed the characteristic peaks of face-centred cubic (fcc)ZnAl204and CaZnAl204. The addition of Ca increased the crystallite size from 8.9 to 302 nm. The bandgap of CaxZnuld204 thin film was found in the range of 3.40 to 3.84 eV. sEm micrograph shows the morphology of all thin films is sphere-like, with the grain size increased from 33 to 123 nm. The AFM images show the roughness of surface morphology increased. The substitution of Zn2+ by Ca" increased the crystallite size, grain size and surface roughness which evidently increased the density (4.59 to 4.64 glcm3) and dielectric constant (8.48 to 9.54). The composition of CaxZn(1_x)Al204is considered as suitable material for GPS patch antennas.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  10. Characteristics of slag produced from incinerated hospital waste
    Idris A, Saed K
    J Hazard Mater, 2002 Jul 22;93(2):201-8.
    PMID: 12117466
    Ash produced from a hospital waste incinerator was treated using a high temperature melting process at 1200 degrees C. The quality of the produced slag was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), leaching tests and sequential chemical extraction of metals. The slag contained large amounts of SiO(2,) CaO, Al(2)O(3), Sn, Ni, Cu, Ba and B. XRD analysis revealed a moderate crystal structure for the melted slag and identified the main crystals as quartz (SiO(2)), kaolinite (Al(2)Si(2)O(5)(OH)(4)), albite (NaAlSi(3)O(8)) and gibbsite (Al(OH)(3)). The observed crystal structure assists in preventing the leaching of heavy metals from the slag. Furthermore, the leaching results found the produced slag to comply with disposal limits set by the US EPA. Results from sequential chemical extraction analysis showed that metals in the slag exhibited the strongest preference to be bound to the residual fraction (stable fraction), which is known to have very low leaching characteristics. Melting was found to stabilize heavy metals in hospital waste successfully and therefore it can be an acceptable method for disposal.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  11. Characteristics of supported nano-TiO2/ZSM-5/silica gel (SNTZS): photocatalytic degradation of phenol
    Zainudin NF, Abdullah AZ, Mohamed AR
    J Hazard Mater, 2010 Feb 15;174(1-3):299-306.
    PMID: 19818556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.051
    Photocatalytic degradation of phenol was investigated using the supported nano-TiO(2)/ZSM-5/silica gel (SNTZS) as a photocatalyst in a batch reactor. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, TEM, FT-IR and BET surface area analysis. The synthesized photocatalyst composition was developed using nano-TiO(2) as the photoactive component and zeolite (ZSM-5) as the adsorbents, all supported on silica gel using colloidal silica gel binder. The optimum formulation of SNTZS catalyst was observed to be (nano-TiO(2):ZSM-5:silica gel:colloidal silica gel=1:0.6:0.6:1) which giving about 90% degradation of 50mg/L phenol solution in 180 min. The SNTZS exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of the commercial Degussa P25 which only gave 67% degradation. Its high photocatalytic activity was due to its large specific surface area (275.7 m(2)/g), small particle size (8.1 nm), high crystalline quality of the synthesized catalyst and low electron-hole pairs recombination rate as ZSM-5 adsorbent was used. The SNTZS photocatalyst synthesized in this study also has been proven to have an excellent adhesion and reusability.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  12. Characterization and solubility study of norfloxacin-polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carbopol 974p solid dispersions
    Gorajana A, Kit WW, Dua K
    Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul, 2015;9(2):167-82.
    PMID: 25714525
    OBJECTIVE: Norfloxacin has a low aqueous solubility which leads to poor dissolution. Keeping this fact in mind the purpose of the present study is to formulate and evaluate norfloxacin solid dispersion.

    METHODS: Solid dispersions were prepared using hydrophilic carriers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and carbopol 974pNF (CP) in various ratios using solvent evaporation technique. These formulations were evaluated using solubility studies, dissolution studies; Fourier transmitted infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). The influence of polymer type and drug to polymer ratio on the solubility and dissolution rate of norfloxacin was also evaluated.

    RESULTS: FTIR analysis showed no interaction of all three polymers with norfloxacin. The results from XRD and DSC analyses of the solid dispersion preparations showed that norfloxacin existsin its amorphous form. Among the Norfloxacin: PEG solid dispersions, Norfloxacin: PEG 1:14 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8. For norfloxacin: PVP solid dispersions, norfloxacin: PVP 1:10 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8. For Norfloxacin: CP solid dispersions, norfloxacin: P 1:2 ratio showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 6.8.

    CONCLUSION: The solid dispersion of norfloxacin with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and carbopol 974p NF (CP), lends an ample credence for better therapeutic efficacy.

    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  13. Characterization dataset for pre- and post-irradiated shrimp waste chitosan
    Pati S, Jena P, Shahimi S, Nelson BR, Acharya D, Dash BP, et al.
    Data Brief, 2020 Oct;32:106081.
    PMID: 32775581 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106081
    This dataset presents morphological features, elemental composition and functional groups of different pre- and post-gamma (γ)-irradiated chitosan (10kGy & 20kGy) prepared from shrimp waste. The γ-irradiated chitosan was characterized using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were performed using Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond DSC with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute and dynamic synthetic atmospheric air set at flow rate of 100 ml/minute. We observed γ-irradiated chitosan to have shorter polymer size, small pores and compacted structure with active alkyl and hydroxyl groups when compared to non-irradiated chitosan. Our data provides baseline understanding for structure of shrimp chitosan after 60Co exposure which means, the biopolymer becomes more stable and is considered suitable for vast food industry applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  14. Fulltext Characterization of CdTe films deposited at various bath temperatures and concentrations using electrophoretic deposition
    Daud MN, Zakaria A, Jafari A, Ghazali MS, Abdullah WR, Zainal Z
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5706-14.
    PMID: 22754325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055706
    CdTe film was deposited using the electrophoretic deposition technique onto an ITO glass at various bath temperatures. Four batch film compositions were used by mixing 1 to 4 wt% concentration of CdTe powder with 10 mL of a solution of methanol and toluene. X-ray Diffraction analysis showed that the films exhibited polycrystalline nature of zinc-blende structure with the (111) orientation as the most prominent peak. From the Atomic Force Microscopy, the thickness and surface roughness of the CdTe film increased with the increase of CdTe concentration. The optical energy band gap of film decreased with the increase of CdTe concentration, and with the increase of isothermal bath temperature. The film thickness increased with respect to the increase of CdTe concentration and bath temperature, and following, the numerical expression for the film thickness with respect to these two variables has been established.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  15. Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Conocarpus Fiber
    Fouad H, Kian LK, Jawaid M, Alotaibi MD, Alothman OY, Hashem M
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Dec 07;12(12).
    PMID: 33297332 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122926
    Conocarpus fiber is an abundantly available and sustainable cellulosic biomass. With its richness in cellulose content, it is potentially used for manufacturing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a cellulose derivative product with versatile industrial applications. In this work, different samples of bleached fiber (CPBLH), alkali-treated fiber (CPAKL), and acid-treated fiber (CPMCC) were produced from Conocarpus through integrated chemical process of bleaching, alkaline cooking, and acid hydrolysis, respectively. Characterizations of samples were carried out with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared-Ray (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). From morphology study, the bundle fiber feature of CPBLH disintegrated into micro-size fibrils of CPMCC, showing the amorphous compounds were substantially removed through chemical depolymerization. Meanwhile, the elemental analysis also proved that the traces of impurities such as cations and anions were successfully eliminated from CPMCC. The CPMCC also gave a considerably high yield of 27%, which endowed it with great sustainability in acting as alternative biomass for MCC production. Physicochemical analysis revealed the existence of crystalline cellulose domain in CPMCC had contributed it 75.7% crystallinity. In thermal analysis, CPMCC had stable decomposition behavior comparing to CPBLH and CPAKL fibers. Therefore, Conocarpus fiber could be a promising candidate for extracting MCC with excellent properties in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  16. Fulltext Characterization of al-si alloy matrix reinforced with fine SiC composites
    Yusof Abdullah, Abdul Razak Daud, Mohd Harun, Roslinda Shamsudin
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2008;2008(2):19-25.
    MyJurnal
    Al-Si/SiC composites with the fraction of 5 and 15 wt. % fine SiC particles were fabricated using stir casting process by which SiC powders were poured into aluminium melt and cast in a stainless steel mould to form ingot. Characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of constituent and intermetallic materials in the composites. Microstructure study revealed that both fine and course particles scattered in the Al-Si matrix. The characterization of thermal properties showed that the thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion decreased with the increase in SiC content. The conductivity and expansion behavior is correlated to the microstructure and weight fraction of the SiC particles. Meanwhile, the hardness of the composite increased with the increasing of SiC particles in the composites.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  17. Characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from olive fiber
    Kian LK, Saba N, Jawaid M, Fouad H
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Aug 01;156:347-353.
    PMID: 32278601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.015
    Olive fiber is a renewable natural fiber which has potential as an alternative biomass for extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). MCC has been widely applied in various industries owing to its small dimensional size for ease of reactive fabrication process. At present study, a serial treatments of bleaching, alkaline and acid hydrolysis was employed to extract OL-BLF, OL-PUF, and OL-MCC respectively from olive stem fiber. In morphology examination, a feature of short micro-crystallite particles was obtained for OL-MCC. The particle size was found gradually reducing from OL-PUF (305.31 μm) to OL-MCC (156.06 μm) due to the disintegration of cellulose fibrils. From physicochemical analysis, most lignin and hemicellulose components had been removed from OL-BLF to form OL-PUF with individually fibril structure. The elemental analysis revealed that highly pure cellulose component was obtained for OL-MCC. Also, the rigidity had been improved from OL-BLF to OL-PUF, while with the highest for OL-MCC with 74.2% crystallinity, endowing it as a reliable load-bearing agent. As for thermal analysis, OL-MCC had the most stable heat resistance in among the chemically-treated fibers. Therefore, olive MCC could act as a promising reinforcing agent to withstand harsh conditions for variety fields of composite applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  18. Fulltext Characterization of mixed xWO3(1-x)Y2O3 nanoparticle thick film for gas sensing application
    Abadi MH, Hamidon MN, Shaari AH, Abdullah N, Misron N, Wagiran R
    Sensors (Basel), 2010;10(5):5074-89.
    PMID: 22399925 DOI: 10.3390/s100505074
    Microstructural, topology, inner morphology, and gas-sensitivity of mixed xWO(3)(1-x)Y(2)O(3) nanoparticles (x = 1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8) thick-film semiconductor gas sensors were studied. The surface topography and inner morphological properties of the mixed powder and sensing film were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, gas sensitivity properties of the printed films were evaluated in the presence of methane (CH(4)) and butane (C(4)H(10)) at up to 500 °C operating temperature of the sensor. The results show that the doping agent can modify some structural properties and gas sensitivity of the mixed powder.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  19. Characterization of residue from EFB and kenaf core fibres in the liquefaction process
    Sarani Zakaria, Rasidi Roslan, Umar Adli Amran, Chia CH, Saiful Bahari Bakaruddin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:429-435.
    Different type of fibers which is EFB and KC were liquefied in phenol with the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The liquefied residue was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional groups presents in both residues, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the degree of crystallinity in the residue, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to analyze the thermal properties of the residue and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the structure and morphology of the residue. Phenol-to-EFB/KC ratio shows great effect on the amount of residue in the liquefaction process. Peak appearance can be observed in the FTIR analysis at 810 and 750 cm-1 which is attributed to the para and meta benzene, respectively or to be specific its associated to the p-alkyl phenol and m-alkyl phenol. In the XRD analysis, CrI of lignocellulosic materials increased after liquefaction process. Liquefaction process caused chemical penetration across the grain of the fiber, thus the fiber bundles started to separate into individual fibers shown in the SEM micrograph and the weights lost curve for both liquefied EFB and KC experienced three region decompositions.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
  20. Fulltext Characterization of silicon nanowires prepared by thermal evaporation using AuPd catalyst
    Mohd. Azam Mohd. Adnan, Cheong, K.Y., Hutagalung, Sabar D.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):87-94.
    MyJurnal
    Silicon nanowires were synthesized on Si substrates (111) via thermal evaporation using AuPd thin layer catalyst. Pre cleaned of Si wafer was used as a substrate to assemble the nanostructure products. In this work, the effect of growth temperature that ranging from 800 to 1000°C on the formation of silicon nanowires studied extensively. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope were employed to characterize the structures and morphology of nanowires. Vertical aligned silicon nanowires have been successfully grown on Si substrates at 900 and 1000°C. At 1100°C, the high aspect ratio of silicon nanowires can be produced but the formation density is low. The presence of AuPd catalyst on the tip of nanowires, it is expected that VLS is the most suitable to explain the growth mechanism of obtained SiNWs. The crystalline structure of SiNWs was proved by XRD data.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Ray Diffraction
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