Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 142 in total

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  1. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition as a therapeutic target for plant nutraceuticals in mitigating inflammatory lung diseases
    Alharbi KS, Afzal O, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Javed Shaikh MA, Thangavelu L, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2022 Feb 25;354:109842.
    PMID: 35104489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109842
    Nutraceuticals are dietary supplements that are used to improve health, postpone aging, prevent illnesses, and maintain the human body's correct functioning. Nutraceuticals are now garnering a lot of interest because of their nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The research indicating the relevance of nutraceuticals as a possible therapeutic candidate against inflammatory lung disease was covered in this review. Nowadays, inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, becoming highly dreadful because of their associated fatality. Inflammation is one of the cores and common factors of these diseases which is mainly associated with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, NF-κB p65 and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation, and initiation of the signaling pathway of the NF-κB. The secondary metabolites from natural sources are the active component that attenuates NF-κB and the associated pathway that inhibits inflammation in lung diseases. Nutraceuticals belonging to the chemical category polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins have the potential to combat the NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, this review discusses the medical value of nutraceuticals briefly and their ability to mitigate various inflammatory lung diseases through targeting inhibition of NF-κB.
  2. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways Inhibitors with Potential Prospects in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
    Alharbi KS, Shaikh MAJ, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alzarea SI, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2022;41(4):85-102.
    PMID: 36374963 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022042281
    Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe. The most prevalent pathological form of lung cancer is non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elevated stimulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway causes a slew of cancer-related symptoms, making it a promising target for new anticancer drugs. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR path is involved extensively in carcinogenesis and disease advancement in NSCLC. Several new inhibitors targeting this pathway have been discovered in preclinical investigations and clinical trials. The etiology and epidemiology of NSCLC and biology of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade and its role in NSCLC pathogenesis have all been discussed in this article. In this article, we've reviewed PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors that have been proven in vitro and in preclinical trials to be effective in NSCLC. Drugs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR path in the treatment of NSCLC were also addressed. A better knowledge of the underlying molecular biology, including epigenetic changes, is also critical to detecting relevant biomarkers and guiding combination methods. Additionally, improved clinical trial designs will increase the capacity to test novel drugs and combinations for accounting for genomic variation and eventually improve patient outcomes.
  3. Role of Medicinal plant-derived Nutraceuticals as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer
    Alharbi KS, Almalki WH, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Nagraik R, et al.
    J Food Biochem, 2022 Dec;46(12):e14387.
    PMID: 36121313 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14387
    Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most challenging cancers to treat, accounting for many cancer-related deaths. Over some years, chemotherapy, hormone treatment, radiation, and surgeries have been used to treat cancer. Unfortunately, these treatment options are unsuccessful due to crucial adverse reactions and multidrug tolerance/resistance. Although it is clear that substances in the nutraceuticals category have a lot of anti-cancer activity, using a supplementary therapy strategy, in this case, could be very beneficial. Nutraceuticals are therapeutic agents, which are nutrients that have drug-like characteristics and can be used to treat diseases. Plant nutraceuticals categorized into polyphenols, terpenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, and flavonoids are part of health food products, that have great potential for combating BC. Nutraceuticals can reduce BC's severity, limit malignant cell growth, and modify cancer-related mechanisms. Nutraceuticals acting by attenuating Hedgehog, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling are the main pathways in controlling the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). This article reviews some important nutraceuticals and their modes of action, which can be very powerful versus BC. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nutraceuticals' importance to the control and diagnosis of breast cancer is undeniable and cannot be overlooked. Natural dietary compounds have a wide range of uses and have been used in traditional medicine. In addition, these natural chemicals can enhance the effectiveness of other traditional medicines. They may also be used as a treatment process independently because of their capacity to affect several cancer pathways. This study highlights a variety of natural chemicals, and their mechanisms of action, routes, synergistic effects, and future potentials are all examined.
  4. Fulltext Gut Microbiota Disruption in COVID-19 or Post-COVID Illness Association with severity biomarkers: A Possible Role of Pre / Pro-biotics in manipulating microflora
    Alharbi KS, Singh Y, Hassan Almalki W, Rawat S, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, et al.
    Chem Biol Interact, 2022 May 01;358:109898.
    PMID: 35331679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109898
    Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a coronavirus-induced illness attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, is thought to have first emerged on November 17, 2019. According to World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has been linked to 379,223,560 documented occurrences and 5,693,245 fatalities globally as of 1st Feb 2022. Influenza A virus that has also been discovered diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort was found in the infected person, highlighting the need of monitoring them for gastro intestinal tract (GIT) symptoms regardless of whether the sickness is respiration related. The majority of the microbiome in the intestines is Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes are found in the lungs. Although most people overcome SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people continue to have symptoms months after the original sickness, called Long-COVID or Post COVID. The term "post-COVID-19 symptoms" refers to those that occur with or after COVID-19 and last for more than 12 weeks (long-COVID-19). The possible understanding of biological components such as inflammatory, immunological, metabolic activity biomarkers in peripheral blood is needed to evaluate the study. Therefore, this article aims to review the informative data that supports the idea underlying the disruption mechanisms of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute COVID-19 or post-COVID-mediated elevation of severity biomarkers.
  5. Exploring the Mechanical Perspective of a New Anti-Tumor Agent: Melatonin
    Rohilla S, Singh M, Priya S, Almalki WH, Haniffa SM, Subramaniyan V, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2023;42(1):1-16.
    PMID: 36734949 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022042088
    Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and antioxidants. Melatonin synthesis and release are more pronounced during the night, whereas exposure to light decreases it. Evidence is mounting in favor of the therapeutic effects of melatonin in cancer prevention, treatment and delayed onset in various cancer subtypes. Melatonin exerts its anticancer effect through modification of its receptors such as melatonin 1 (MT1), melatonin 2 (MT2), and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation), metastasis, angiogenesis, altered cellular energetics, and immune evasion. Melatonin performs a significant function in immune modulation and enhances innate and cellular immunity. In addition, melatonin has a remarkable impact on epigenetic modulation of gene expression and alters the transcription of genes. As an adjuvant to cancer therapies, it acts by decreasing the side effects and boosting the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy. Since current treatments produce drug-induced unwanted toxicities and side effects, they require alternate therapies. A recent review article attempts to summarize the mechanistic perspective of melatonin in different cancer subtypes like skin cancer, breast cancer, hepatic cancer, renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon oral, neck, and head cancer. The various studies described in this review will give a firm basis for the future evolution of anticancer drugs.
  6. Recent Developments and Challenges in Molecular-Targeted Therapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
    Rohilla S, Singh M, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Al-Abbasi FA, Kazmi I, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2023;42(1):27-50.
    PMID: 36734951 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022042983
    Treatment of lung cancer with conventional therapies, which include radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy results in multiple undesirable adverse or side effects. The major clinical challenge in developing new drug therapies for lung cancer is resistance, which involves mutations and disturbance in various signaling pathways. Molecular abnormalities related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-RAF) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations, translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification have been studied to overcome the resistance and to develop new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But, inevitable development of resistance presents limits the clinical benefits of various new drugs. Here, we review current progress in the development of molecularly targeted therapies, concerning six clinical biomarkers: EGFR, ALK, MET, ROS-1, KRAS, and B-RAF for NSCLC treatment.
  7. Role of Flavonoids in Management of Various Biological Targets in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Preclinical to Clinical Studies
    Alharbi KS, Javed Shaikh MA, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Almalki WH, et al.
    Curr Med Chem, 2023;30(18):2061-2074.
    PMID: 36415096 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666221122115212
    More than 10 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative neurological illness and the most prevalent form of dementia. AD's progression in memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral changes are all symptoms. Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), the hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated tau protein, and other cellular and systemic alterations are all factors that contribute to cognitive decline in AD. Rather than delivering a possible cure, present therapy strategies focus on reducing disease symptoms. It has long been suggested that various naturally occurring small molecules (plant extract products and microbiological isolates, for example) could be beneficial in preventing or treating disease. Small compounds, such as flavonoids, have attracted much interest recently due to their potential to alleviate cellular stress. Flavonoids have been proven helpful in various ways, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents, but their mechanism remains unknown. The flavonoid therapy of Alzheimer's disease focuses on this review, which includes a comprehensive literature analysis.
  8. A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Polymers in Ocular Drug Delivery
    Paramjot, Wadhwa S, Sharma A, Singh SK, Vishwas S, Kumar R, et al.
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2024;21(1):16-37.
    PMID: 36627785 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230110140312
    Amongst different routes of drug delivery systems, ophthalmic drug delivery still requires a careful investigation and strict parameter measurements because the eyes are one of the most sensitive parts of the body and require special attention. The conventional systems for eyes lead to rapid elimination of formulation and hence very small contact time on the ocular epithelium. The current review article covers various types of polymers used in ocular drug delivery along with their applications/ limitations. Polymers are widely used by researchers in prodrug techniques and as a penetration enhancer in ocular delivery. This article covers the role and use of different polymeric systems which makes the final formulation a promising candidate for ophthalmic drug delivery. The researchers are still facing multiple challenges in order to maintain the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the eyes because of its complex structure. There are several barriers that further restrict the intraocular entry of the drug. In order to remove/reduce such challenges, these days various types of polymers are used for ocular delivery in order to develop different drug carrier systems for better efficacy and stability. The polymers used are highly helpful in increasing residence time by increasing the viscosity at the ocular epithelium layer. Such preparations also get easily permeated in ocular cells. The combination of different polymeric properties makes the final formulation stable with prolonged retention, high viscosity, high permeability, and better bioavailability, making the final formulation a promising candidate for ocular drug delivery.
  9. Molecular insights and therapeutic implications of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols for targeting lung cancer: part II
    Das SS, Tambe S, Prasad Verma PR, Amin P, Singh N, Singh SK, et al.
    Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(23):1799-1816.
    PMID: 36636965 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0117
    Flavonoids represent a major group of polyphenolic compounds. Their capacity to inhibit tumor proliferation, cell cycle, angiogenesis, migration and invasion is substantially responsible for their chemotherapeutic activity against lung cancer. However, their clinical application is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, low permeability and quick blood clearance, which leads to their low bioavailability. Nanoengineered systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers and nanotubes can considerably enhance the targeted action of the flavonoids with improved efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties, and flavonoids can be successfully translated from bench to bedside through various nanoengineering approaches. This review addresses the therapeutic potential of various flavonoids and highlights the cutting-edge progress in the nanoengineered systems that incorporate flavonoids for treating lung cancer.
  10. Molecular insights and therapeutic implications of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols for targeting lung carcinoma: part I
    Das SS, Tambe S, Prasad Verma PR, Amin P, Singh N, Singh SK, et al.
    Nanomedicine (Lond), 2022 Oct;17(23):1779-1798.
    PMID: 36636930 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0133
    Lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancer cases. Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems have exhibited immense potential in lung cancer therapy due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, in vivo stability, bioavailability, prolonged and targeted delivery, gastrointestinal absorption and therapeutic efficiency of their numerous chemotherapeutic agents. However, traditional chemotherapeutics have systemic toxicity issues; therefore, dietary polyphenols might potentially replace them in lung cancer treatment. Polyphenol-based targeted nanotherapeutics have demonstrated interaction with a multitude of protein targets and cellular signaling pathways that affect major cellular processes. This review summarizes the various molecular mechanisms and targeted therapeutic potentials of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols in the effective management of lung cancer.
  11. From Plants to Therapies: Exploring the Pharmacology of Coumestrol for Neurological Conditions
    Singla M, Verma S, Thakur K, Goyal A, Sharma V, Sharma D, et al.
    Curr Med Chem, 2023 Oct 26.
    PMID: 37921179 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673250784231011094322
    Neurological disorders are possibly the most prevalent and have been identified to occur among individuals with autism beyond chance. These disorders encompass a diverse range of consequences with neurological causes and have been regarded as a major threat to public mental health. There is no tried-and-true approach for completely protecting the nervous system. Therefore, plant-derived compounds have developed significantly nowadays. Coumestrol (CML) is a potent isoflavone phytoestrogen with a protective effect against neurological dysfunction and has been discovered to be structurally and functionally similar to estrogen. In recent years, more research has been undertaken on phytoestrogens. This research demonstrates the biological complexity of phytoestrogens, which consist of multiple chemical families and function in various ways. This review aimed to explore recent findings on the most significant pharmacological advantages of CML by emphasising neurological benefits. Numerous CML extraction strategies and their pharmacological effects on various neurological disorders, including PD, AD, HD, anxiety, and cognitive impairments, were also documented.
  12. Nurse-led intervention on knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards acute coronary syndrome
    Darsin Singh SK, Ahmad A, Rahmat N, Hmwe NTT
    Nurs Crit Care, 2018 Jul;23(4):186-191.
    PMID: 27071369 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12240
    BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease has emerged as a number one killer in Malaysia and globally. Much of the morbidity and mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients is because of patients not recognizing their symptoms which contributes to delay in seeking early treatment.

    AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led health education programme on knowledge, attitude and beliefs of coronary patients towards the responses to acute coronary syndrome and the association with patients' characteristics.

    METHODS: A single-group quasi-experimental design took place in a tertiary hospital. A total of 60 coronary patients were recruited to this study. The knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were evaluated at baseline and after 1 month of giving education intervention.

    RESULTS: Knowledge, attitude and beliefs about ACS increased significantly from baseline to 1 month after intervention. Level of attitude was associated with gender, educational level and employment status.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that an education program conducted by a nurse improved patients' level of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in response to ACS symptoms at 1 month compared to baseline, but whether they are sustained for a longer period is unclear. Improving the responses towards ACS might reduce decision delay in symptom interpretation and seeking early treatment.

    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurse-led interventions have imparted positive outcomes in response to ACS symptoms among coronary patients. Therefore, nurses should take the initiative in educating patients to minimize delay in symptom interpretation and seeking early treatment.

  13. Spectrum of Multimodality Findings in Post-surgical Breast Cancer Imaging
    Ramli Hamid MT, Rahmat K, Hamid SA, Kirat Singh SK, Hooi TG
    Curr Med Imaging Rev, 2019;15(9):866-872.
    PMID: 32008533 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180627101520
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer affecting Malaysian women, accounting for an estimated 30% of all new cancer diagnosed annually. Improvements in breast cancer management have increased the breast cancer survival rate in Malaysia. Clinical and radiological surveillance of the treated breast is vital, as early detection of recurrence improves patient's survival rate.

    DISCUSSION: As surgery and radiotherapy alter the appearance of the breasts, distinguishing between recurrence and benign post-surgical changes can be challenging radiologically due to overlapping features. Despite this, differentiation between these two entities is usually possible by recognizing characteristic features of post-treatment sequelae and the evolution of the appearance of the conservatively treated breast by comparing interval findings on serial studies.

    CONCLUSION: This pictorial review aims to describe the typical and unusual features of post-treated breasts in the multimodality imaging workup of an established breast care centre in a teaching hospital in Malaysia.

  14. Fulltext Biological databases and tools for neurological disorders
    Usman MB, Ojha S, Jha SK, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Singh SK, et al.
    J Integr Neurosci, 2022 Jan 28;21(1):41.
    PMID: 35164477 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2101041
    Computational approach to study of neuronal impairment is rapidly evolving, as experiments and intuition alone could not explain the complexity of brain system. The increase in an overwhelming amount of new data from both theory and computational modeling necessitate the development of databases and tools for analysis, visualization, and interpretation of neuroscience data. To ensure the sustainability of this development, consistent update and training of young professionals are imperative. For this purpose, relevant articles, chapters, and modules are essential to keep abreast of developments. Therefore, this article seeks to outline the biological databases and analytical tools along with their applications. It's envisaged that knowledge along this line would be a "training recipe" for young talents and guide for professionals and researchers in neuroscience.
  15. ROCK2 inhibition: A futuristic approach for the management of Alzheimer's disease
    Mani S, Jindal D, Chopra H, Jha SK, Singh SK, Ashraf GM, et al.
    Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2022 11;142:104871.
    PMID: 36122738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104871
    Neurons depend on mitochondrial functions for membrane excitability, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Mitochondrial dynamics are important for neural cell maintenance. To maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, lysosomes remove dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy. Mitophagy promotes mitochondrial turnover and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. In many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitophagy is disrupted in neurons. Mitophagy is regulated by several proteins; recently, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) has been suggested to negatively regulate the Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway. Thus, ROCK2 inhibition may be a promising therapy for NDDs. This review summarizes the mitophagy pathway, the role of ROCK2 in Parkin-dependent mitophagy regulation, and mitophagy impairment in the pathology of AD. We further discuss different ROCK inhibitors (synthetic drugs, natural compounds, and gene therapy-based approaches) and examine their effects on triggering neuronal growth and neuroprotection in AD and other NDDs. This comprehensive overview of the role of ROCK in mitophagy inhibition provides a possible explanation for the significance of ROCK inhibitors in the therapeutic management of AD and other NDDs.
  16. Fulltext Bracing NK cell based therapy to relegate pulmonary inflammation in COVID-19
    Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Bapat A, Jain R, Sushmitha ES, Gulati A, et al.
    Heliyon, 2021 Jul;7(7):e07635.
    PMID: 34312598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07635
    The contagiosity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has startled mankind and has brought our lives to a standstill. The treatment focused mainly on repurposed immunomodulatory and antiviral agents along with the availability of a few vaccines for prophylaxis to vanquish COVID-19. This seemingly mandates a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis. This necessitates a plausible extrapolation of cell-based therapy to COVID-19 and is regarded equivalently significant. Recently, correlative pieces of clinical evidence reported a robust decline in lymphocyte count in severe COVID-19 patients that suggest dysregulated immune responses as a key element contributing to the pathophysiological alterations. The large granular lymphocytes also known as natural killer (NK) cells play a heterogeneous role in biological functioning wherein their frontline action defends the body against a wide array of infections and tumors. They prominently play a critical role in viral clearance and executing immuno-modulatory activities. Accumulated clinical evidence demonstrate a decrease in the number of NK cells in circulation with or without phenotypical exhaustion. These plausibly contribute to the progression of pulmonary inflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia and result in acute lung injury. In this review, we have outlined the present understanding of the immunological response of NK cells in COVID-19 infection. We have also discussed the possible use of these powerful biological cells as a therapeutic agent in view of preventing immunological harms of SARS-CoV-2 and the current challenges in advocating NK cell therapy for the same.
  17. Nanoparticles toxicity: an overview of its mechanism and plausible mitigation strategies
    Sharma N, Kurmi BD, Singh D, Mehan S, Khanna K, Karwasra R, et al.
    J Drug Target, 2024 Feb 19.
    PMID: 38328920 DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2024.2316785
    Over the last decade, nanoparticles have found great interest among scientists and researchers working in various fields within the realm of biomedicine including drug delivery, gene delivery, diagnostics, targeted therapy and biomarker mapping. While their physical and chemical properties are impressive, there is growing concern about the toxicological potential of nanoparticles and possible adverse health effects as enhanced exposure of biological systems to nanoparticles may result in toxic effects leading to serious contraindications. Toxicity associated with nanoparticles (nanotoxicity) may include the undesired response of several physiological mechanisms including the distressing of cells by external and internal interaction with nanoparticles. However, comprehensive knowledge of nanotoxicity mechanisms and mitigation strategies may be useful to overcome the hazardous situation while treating diseases with therapeutic nanoparticles. With the same objectives, this review discusses various mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the impact of nanotoxicity on biological control systems and organs including liver, brain, kidneys and lungs. An attempt also been made to present various approaches of scientific research and strategies that could be useful to overcome the effect of nanotoxicity during the development of nanoparticle-based systems including coating, doping, grafting, ligation and addition of antioxidants.
  18. Exploring the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring piceatannol in non-communicable diseases
    Gandhi H, Mahant S, Sharma AK, Kumar D, Dua K, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Biofactors, 2024;50(2):232-249.
    PMID: 37702264 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2009
    Piceatannol is a naturally occurring hydroxylated resveratrol analogue that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been documented to have a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-allergic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive properties. Piceatannol has significantly higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol. Piceatannol has been shown in preclinical studies to have the ability to inhibit or reduce the growth of cancers in various organs such as the brain, breast, lung, colon, cervical, liver, prostate, and skin. However, the bioavailability of Piceatannol is comparatively lower than resveratrol and other stilbenes. Several approaches have been reported in recent years to enhance its bioavailability and biological activity, and clinical trials are required to validate these findings. This review focuses on several aspects of natural stilbene Piceatannol, its chemistry, and its mechanism of action, and its promising therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of complex human diseases.
  19. Fulltext Exosomal mediated signal transduction through artificial microRNA (amiRNA): A potential target for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2
    Vadivalagan C, Shitut A, Kamalakannan S, Chen RM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Mishra V, et al.
    Cell Signal, 2022 Jul;95:110334.
    PMID: 35461900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110334
    Exosome trans-membrane signals provide cellular communication between the cells through transport and/or receiving the signal by molecule, change the functional metabolism, and stimulate and/or inhibit receptor signal complexes. COVID19 genetic transformations are varied in different geographic positions, and single nucleotide polymorphic lineages were reported in the second waves due to the fast mutational rate and adaptation. Several vaccines were developed and in treatment practice, but effective control has yet to reach in cent presence. It was initially a narrow immune-modulating protein target. Controlling these diverse viral strains may inhibit their transuding mechanisms primarily to target RNA genes responsible for COVID19 transcription. Exosomal miRNAs are the main sources of transmembrane signals, and trans-located miRNAs can directly target COVID19 mRNA transcription. This review discussed targeted viral transcription by delivering the artificial miRNA (amiRNA) mediated exosomes in the infected cells and significant resources of exosome and their efficacy.
  20. Fulltext Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines
    Sharma A, Shambhwani D, Pandey S, Singh J, Lalhlenmawia H, Kumarasamy M, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2023 Jan 10;8(1):10-41.
    PMID: 36643475 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04078
    Carcinoma of the lungs is among the most menacing forms of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, with a low overall survival rate due to delayed detection and ineffectiveness of conventional therapy. Therefore, drug delivery strategies that may overcome undesired damage to healthy cells, boost therapeutic efficacy, and act as imaging tools are currently gaining much attention. Advances in material science have resulted in unique nanoscale-based theranostic agents, which provide renewed hope for patients suffering from lung cancer. Nanotechnology has vastly modified and upgraded the existing techniques, focusing primarily on increasing bioavailability and stability of anti-cancer drugs. Nanocarrier-based imaging systems as theranostic tools in the treatment of lung carcinoma have proven to possess considerable benefits, such as early detection and targeted therapeutic delivery for effectively treating lung cancer. Several variants of nano-drug delivery agents have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles. In this Review, we present a comprehensive outline on the various types of overexpressed receptors in lung cancer, as well as the various targeting approaches of nanoparticles.
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