Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 128 in total

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  1. Fulltext Evaluation of outer retinal layers in diabetic macula edema treated with intravitreal ranibizumab
    Nur Aqilah, S., Wong, H.S., Syed Zulkifli, S.Z., Mushawiahti, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):88-96.
    MyJurnal
    Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reduces choroidal thickness by choroidal hypoperfusion in diabetic macula oedema (DME) patients. Indirect effect of anti-VEGF towards outer retinal layers (ORL) which supplied by choroidal circulation has not been well described. We evaluate the ORL thickness between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with inner-segment-outer-segment photoreceptor junction (IS/OS) and RPE with external limiting membrane (ELM) in pre- and postintravitreal Ranibizumab (IVR) treated eyes with central foveal diabetic macula edema. A total of 60 eyes (40 patients) were analysed. ORL thickness measured with optical coherence tomography at pre- and post-injection day 1, week 4 and week 6. Mean thickness of RPE-IS/OS was statistically significant over time (p=0.023) but not for RPE-ELM (p=0.216). Thickness ratio between RPE-IS/OS and RPE-ELM and central subfoveal thickness (CST) both showed statistically significant result over time with p=0.038 and p=0.000, respectively. We observed an initial reduction of ORL thickness at day 1 followed by increased in thickness at week 4 with subsequent reduction at week 6 was observed. ORL is an aspect that can be explore and emphasized further in patients considered for IVR injections. The long-term effects of IVR to the ORL however could not be concluded due to short follow up period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  2. Fulltext Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness post-laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy: argon versus pattern scanning laser
    Maimunah, M., Ropilah, A.R., Othmaliza, O., Mushawiahti, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(2):199-208.
    MyJurnal
    Conventional argon laser causes transient thickening of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The effect of pattern scanning laser (PASCAL) has not been well described. We compared the immediate changes in peripapillary RNFL thickness post-panretinal photocoagulation between conventional argon lasers and PASCAL in patients with diabetic retinopathy changes. A total of 32 subjects were recruited. There were 16 patients in the argon group and 16 patients in PASCAL group. Diabetic patients were recruited from Ophthalmology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Complete eye examinations and fundus photographs were performed at baseline prior to laser treatment, and post-laser treatment at two and four months. RNFL thickness was measured using time domain optical coherence tomography. Both groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and demographics. There was no significant difference in average RNFL thickness between the two groups prior to treatment (p= 0.323). RNFL post-laser treatment for patients receiving conventional argon laser remained unchanged with no significant differences in all quadrants at any time-point (two and four months). However, for the PASCAL group, significant thickening occurred at four months for average RNFL and the inferior quadrant (p <0.05). The other quadrants similarly demonstrated increasing thickness at four months but this did not reach statistical significance. Transient RNFL thickening occurs in both conventional and PASCAL laser patients. The PASCAL laser induces a greater increase in RNFL thickness than the argon laser group. Important events, such as laser eye treatments and even type of laser used, are worthy of consideration when evaluating RNFL.
    Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence, photocoagulation, retinal ganglion cells, tomography
    Study site: Ophthalmology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  3. Retinal image analysis for disease screening through local tetra patterns
    Porwal P, Pachade S, Kokare M, Giancardo L, Mériaudeau F
    Comput Biol Med, 2018 11 01;102:200-210.
    PMID: 30308336 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.09.028
    Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) are the most prevalent diseases responsible for visual impairment in the world. This work investigates discrimination potential in the texture of color fundus images to distinguish between diseased and healthy cases by avoiding the prior lesion segmentation step. It presents a retinal background characterization approach and explores the potential of Local Tetra Patterns (LTrP) for texture classification of AMD, DR and Normal images. Five different experiments distinguishing between DR - normal, AMD - normal, DR - AMD, pathological - normal and AMD - DR - normal cases were conducted and validated using the proposed approach, and promising results were obtained. For all five experiments, different classifiers namely, AdaBoost, c4.5, logistic regression, naive Bayes, neural network, random forest and support vector machine were tested. We experimented with three public datasets, ARIA, STARE and E-Optha. Further, the performance of LTrP is compared with other texture descriptors, such as local phase quantization, local binary pattern and local derivative pattern. In all cases, the proposed method obtained the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and f-score values higher than 0.78 and 0.746 respectively. It was found that both performance measures achieve over 0.995 for DR and AMD detection using a random forest classifier. The obtained results suggest that the proposed technique can discriminate retinal disease using texture information and has potential to be an important component for an automated screening solution for retinal images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  4. Localization of optic disc and fovea in retinal images using intensity based line scanning analysis
    Kamble R, Kokare M, Deshmukh G, Hussin FA, Mériaudeau F
    Comput Biol Med, 2017 08 01;87:382-396.
    PMID: 28595892 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.04.016
    Accurate detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) mainly depends on identification of retinal landmarks such as optic disc and fovea. Present methods suffer from challenges like less accuracy and high computational complexity. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel approach for fast and accurate localization of optic disc (OD) and fovea using one-dimensional scanned intensity profile analysis. The proposed method utilizes both time and frequency domain information effectively for localization of OD. The final OD center is located using signal peak-valley detection in time domain and discontinuity detection in frequency domain analysis. However, with the help of detected OD location, the fovea center is located using signal valley analysis. Experiments were conducted on MESSIDOR dataset, where OD was successfully located in 1197 out of 1200 images (99.75%) and fovea in 1196 out of 1200 images (99.66%) with an average computation time of 0.52s. The large scale evaluation has been carried out extensively on nine publicly available databases. The proposed method is highly efficient in terms of quickly and accurately localizing OD and fovea structure together compared with the other state-of-the-art methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis; Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
  5. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for diabetic cystoid macular oedema
    Sahoo S, Barua A, Myint KT, Haq A, Abas AB, Nair NS
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015.
    PMID: 25686158 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010009.pub2
    Diabetic cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a condition which involves fluid accumulation in the inner portion of the retina. It often follows changes in retinal blood vessels which enhance the fluid to come out of vessels. Although it may be asymptomatic, symptoms are primarily painless loss of central vision, often with the complaint of seeing black spots in front of the eye.It is reported that CMO may resolve spontaneously, or fluctuate for months, before causing loss of vision. If left untreated or undiagnosed, progression of CMO may lead to permanent visual loss.It has been noted that patients with diabetic retinopathy have elevated inflammatory markers, and therefore it is likely that inflammation aids in the progression of vascular disease in these patients. Several topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ketorolac 0.5%, bromfenac 0.09%, and nepafenac 0.1%, have therefore also been used topically to treat chronic diabetic CMO. Hence this review was conducted to find out the effects of topical NSAIDs in diabetic CMO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/complications; Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy*
  6. Fulltext Assessment of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetics attending the peripheral diabetic clinics in Melaka, Malaysia
    Addoor KR, Krishna RA, Bhandary SV, Khanna R, Rao LG, Lingam KD, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):48-52.
    PMID: 23765143 MyJurnal
    In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia, we conducted a study to assess the awareness of complications of diabetes among the diabetics attending the peripheral clinics in Melaka. The study period was from January 2007 to December 2007. 351 patients were included in the study. 79.8% were aware of the complications of diabetes mellitus and 87.2% were aware that diabetes can affect the eyes. However, only 50% of the patients underwent an ophthalmological evaluation. Although awareness was good, the motivation to undergo the assessment was poor.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Peringgit, Klinik Kommunity Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  7. Fulltext Status of diabetic retinopathy among diabetics registered to the Diabetic Eye Registry, National Eye Database, 2007
    Goh PP, National Eye Database Study Group
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:24-8.
    PMID: 19230243
    Diabetic Eye Registry, a web based registry hosted at the National Eye Database (www.acrm.org.my/end) collects data in a systematic and prospective nature on status of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetics seen for the first time at Ministry of Health ophthalmology clinics. The 2007 report on 10,586 diabetics revealed that 63.3% of eyes examined had no DR, 36.8% had any form of DR, of which 7.1% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Up to 15.0% of eyes had vision threatening DR requiring laser or surgery at their first visit. Data on diabetic eye registry is useful in monitoring the quality of diabetic management, particularly in eye screening as reflected by the proportion of patients with severe DR needing intervention at the first visit to Ophthalmology clinics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  8. Fulltext HbA1c and retinal sensitivity in diabetics using microperimetry
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ismail SA, Mutalib HA, Ngah NF
    J Optom, 2018 05 26;12(3):174-179.
    PMID: 29843983 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.03.007
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between HbA1c values and retinal sensitivity at central 10° using the MP-1 microperimeter.

    METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on 32 healthy subjects (control group) and 60 diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised of 30 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and group 2 had 30 patients with mild non-proliferative DR. A full-threshold microperimetry of the central 10° of retina (the macula) was performed on all subjects, utilizing 32 points with the MP-1. The relationship between light sensitivity and HbA1c value was calculated using linear regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Total mean sensitivity at 10° for group 1 without DR, group 2 with mild NPDR and control group were 18.67±0.83, 17.98±1.42 and 19.45±0.34 (dB), respectively. There was a significant difference in total mean retinal sensitivity at 10° between the 3 groups (F(2,89)=18.14, p=0.001). A simple linear regression was calculated to predict HbA1c based on retinal sensitivity. A significant regression equation was found (F(1,90)=107.61, p=0.0001, with an R2 of 0.545). The linear regression analysis revealed that there was a 0.64dB decline in mean retinal sensitivity within the central 10° diameter with an increase of 1mmHg of HbA1c.

    CONCLUSION: Retinal sensitivity at the central 10° of the macula is affected by changes in HbA1c values.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology*
  9. Vascular intersection detection in retina fundus images using a new hybrid approach
    Aibinu AM, Iqbal MI, Shafie AA, Salami MJ, Nilsson M
    Comput Biol Med, 2010 Jan;40(1):81-9.
    PMID: 20022595 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2009.11.004
    The use of vascular intersection aberration as one of the signs when monitoring and diagnosing diabetic retinopathy from retina fundus images (FIs) has been widely reported in the literature. In this paper, a new hybrid approach called the combined cross-point number (CCN) method able to detect the vascular bifurcation and intersection points in FIs is proposed. The CCN method makes use of two vascular intersection detection techniques, namely the modified cross-point number (MCN) method and the simple cross-point number (SCN) method. Our proposed approach was tested on images obtained from two different and publicly available fundus image databases. The results show a very high precision, accuracy, sensitivity and low false rate in detecting both bifurcation and crossover points compared with both the MCN and the SCN methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis
  10. Analysis of retinal fundus images for grading of diabetic retinopathy severity
    Ahmad Fadzil MH, Izhar LI, Nugroho H, Nugroho HA
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2011 Jun;49(6):693-700.
    PMID: 21271293 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-011-0734-2
    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication due to diabetes mellitus that affects the retina. In this article, a computerised DR grading system, which digitally analyses retinal fundus image, is used to measure foveal avascular zone. A v-fold cross-validation method is applied to the FINDeRS database to evaluate the performance of the DR system. It is shown that the system achieved sensitivity of >84%, specificity of >97% and accuracy of >95% for all DR stages. At high values of sensitivity (>95%), specificity (>97%) and accuracy (>98%) obtained for No DR and severe NPDR/PDR stages, the computerised DR grading system is suitable for early detection of DR and for effective treatment of severe cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis*
  11. Determination of foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy digital fundus images
    Ahmad Fadzil MH, Izhar LI, Nugroho HA
    Comput Biol Med, 2010 Jul;40(7):657-64.
    PMID: 20573343 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2010.05.004
    Monitoring FAZ area enlargement enables physicians to monitor progression of the DR. At present, it is difficult to discern the FAZ area and to measure its enlargement in an objective manner using digital fundus images. A semi-automated approach for determination of FAZ using color images has been developed. Here, a binary map of retinal blood vessels is computer generated from the digital fundus image to determine vessel ends and pathologies surrounding FAZ for area analysis. The proposed method is found to achieve accuracies from 66.67% to 98.69% compared to accuracies of 18.13-95.07% obtained by manual segmentation of FAZ regions from digital fundus images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis*; Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
  12. Fulltext Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in a rural population in Sepang district, Selangor
    Reddy SC, Rampal L, Nurulaini O
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):212-7.
    PMID: 15559172 MyJurnal
    A community based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in residents aged forty years and above in kampung Jenderam Hilir of Sepang district, Selangor state. A total of 311 out of 341 (91.3%) respondents participated in this study. The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness observed was 18.9% and 2.9% respectively. The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness increased significantly with age. Amongst the 159 respondents who agreed for eye checkup, refractive errors (56%), cataract (20.1%), glaucoma (4.4%) and diabetic retinopathy (1.3%) were found to be causing visual impairment and blindness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  13. Fulltext Correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness with serum uric acid among type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Vinuthinee-Naidu MN, Zunaina E, Azreen-Redzal A, Nyi-Nyi N
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2017 Jun 14;17(1):91.
    PMID: 28615022 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0486-3
    BACKGROUND: Uric acid is a final breakdown product of purine catabolism in humans. It's a potent antioxidant and can also act as a pro-oxidant that induces oxidative stress on the vascular endothelial cells, thus mediating progression of diabetic related diseases. Various epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that uric acid has a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and macular thickness with serum uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eye Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan between the period of August 2013 till July 2015 involving type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with no diabetic retinopathy and with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). An evaluation for RNFL and macular thickness was measured using Spectralis Heidelberg optical coherence tomography. Six ml of venous blood was taken for the measurement of serum uric acid and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C).

    RESULTS: A total of 180 diabetic patients were recruited (90 patients with no diabetic retinopathy and 90 patients with NPDR) into the study. The mean level of serum uric acid for both the groups was within normal range and there was no significance difference between the two groups. Based on gender, both male and female gender showed significantly higher level of mean serum uric acid in no diabetic retinopathy group (p = 0.004 respectively). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in patient with HbA1C 
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/blood; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis*; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
  14. Fulltext Detection of neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy
    Hassan SS, Bong DB, Premsenthil M
    J Digit Imaging, 2012 Jun;25(3):437-44.
    PMID: 21901535 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-011-9418-6
    Diabetic retinopathy has become an increasingly important cause of blindness. Nevertheless, vision loss can be prevented from early detection of diabetic retinopathy and monitor with regular examination. Common automatic detection of retinal abnormalities is for microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton wool spot. However, there is a worse case of retinal abnormality, but not much research was done to detect it. It is neovascularization where new blood vessels grow due to extensive lack of oxygen in the retinal capillaries. This paper shows that various combination of techniques such as image normalization, compactness classifier, morphology-based operator, Gaussian filtering, and thresholding techniques were used in developing of neovascularization detection. A function matrix box was added in order to classify the neovascularization from natural blood vessel. A region-based neovascularization classification was attempted as a diagnostic accuracy. The developed method was tested on images from different database sources with varying quality and image resolution. It shows that specificity and sensitivity results were 89.4% and 63.9%, respectively. The proposed approach yield encouraging results for future development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology*
  15. Fulltext Retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria
    Reddy SC, Kihn YM, Nurjahan MI, Ramil A
    Nepal J Ophthalmol, 2013;5(1):69-74.
    PMID: 23584650 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7830
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with micoalbuminuria and to evaluate the association of risk factors with prevalence of retinopathy in these patients.
    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A fundus examination of 137 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria was done, with direct ophthalmoscope/ binocular indirect ophthalmoscope after dilating the pupils with 1 % tropicamide eye drops. Retinal changes were graded as no retinopathy, non-proliferative retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy and maculopathy. The association of the duration of diabetes, control of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity and peripheral neuropathy was assessed with the prevalence of retinopathy in these patents.
    RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 58 years (range 35 - 79 years); 62 % were females, and 49.6 % were Chinese. Diabetic retinopathy was seen in 36.5 % of the patients - non proliferative in 29.2 %, proliferative in 7.3 % and maculopathy in 5.1 % of patients. A longer duration of diabetes (p = 0.002), poor control of diabetes (p = 0.002), presence of hypertension (p = 0.03), and presence of peripheral neuropathy (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the prevalence of retinopathy; while hyperlipidemia (p = 0.29), smoking (p = 0.43) and obesity (p = 0.43) were not associated with retinopathy.
    CONCLUSION: Retinopathy was seen in 36.5 % of type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria; 7.3 % had proliferative retinopathy and 5.1 % maculopathy (both sight threatening changes). All diabetic patients with microalbuminuria should be screened for retinopathy so that treatment can be instituted in the required patients to prevent ocular morbidity/ blindness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/complications; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  16. Fulltext Awareness of eye complications and prevalence of retinopathy in the first visit to eye clinic among type 2 diabetic patients
    Tajunisah I, Wong P, Tan L, Rokiah P, Reddy S
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(5):519-24.
    PMID: 22553714 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.05.12
    AIM: To assess the awareness of eye complications and the prevalence of retinopathy, in the first visit to eye clinic, among type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    METHODS: An investigator-administered questionnaire was given to 137 patients with diabetes undergoing first time eye screening in the eye clinic. This was followed by a detailed fundus examination by a senior ophthalmologist to assess for presence of retinopathy.
    RESULTS: Almost 86% of respondents were aware of diabetic eye complications, especially in patients who had achieved tertiary educational level (96.3%). The majority of the patients (78.8%) were referred by their physicians and only 20.4% came on their own initiative. Many of the patients (43.8%) did not know how frequent they should go for an eye check-up and 72.3% did not know what treatments were available. Lack of understanding on diabetic eye diseases (68.6%) was the main barrier for most patients for not coming for eye screening earlier. Despite a high level of awareness, only 21.9% had recorded HbA1c level of <6.5% while 31.4% were under the erroneous assumption of having a good blood sugar control. A total of 29.2% had diabetic retinopathy in their first visit eye testing.
    CONCLUSION: In the present study, 29.2% of type 2 diabetic patients had retinopathy in their first time eye testing. Although the awareness of diabetic eye complications was high among first time eye screening patients, the appropriate eye care-seeking behavior was comparatively less and should be rectified to prevent the rise of this sight threatening eye disease.
    KEYWORDS: awa-reness; diabetic retinopathy; eye complications; eye screening
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
  17. Fulltext Prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among the rural population - a case study of Temerloh Hospital
    Thevi T, Maslina B, Reddy SC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):6-10.
    PMID: 25606238
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among new patients at the eye clinic of Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang.
    Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 1081 new patients were examined over a period of six months. Age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity and diagnosis were noted from the medical records.
    Results: Out of 1081 examined, 607 (56.1%) were males, 783 (72.4%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 45.2 years (ranging from one month to 91 years). Cataract (248, 22.9%) was the most common eye disease, followed by retinal diseases (124, 11.5%) and ocular trauma (106, 9.8%). Majority of the patients (48) suffering from ocular trauma had foreign body cornea. In 85 premature infants screened for retinopathy, 19 showed different stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment was noted in 89 (8.2%) patients, severe visual impairment in 12 (1.1%) and blindness in 35 (3.2%); vision could not be determined in 85 premature infants (7.9%). Cataract was singled out as the cause of severe visual impairment in 11 out of 12 patients.
    Conclusion: Health education at primary health centres and availability of eye specialists in all the district hospitals will facilitate the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind persons by providing early treatment for eye problems (specifically prescription for spectacles, medical treatment and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation).
    Keywords: Visual impairment, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, ocular trauma, conjunctivitis
    Study site: Eye clinic, Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy
  18. Fulltext Ophthalmology inpatient consultation: does it make a difference to inpatient management?
    Tajunisah I, Azida J, Zurina ZA, Reddy SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):130-3.
    PMID: 20058572 MyJurnal
    Ophthalmology consultation is one of the commonest requested services for inpatients in a tertiary hospital. A total of 290 ophthalmology consultation requests were received over a period of six months (average 12 consultation requests per week) and from these, 222 patients were examined. The patient demographics, the hospitalization data, type of consultations (screening, new problem, preexisting problem), reasons for consultations and the ophthalmology diagnosis were determined. Out of 290 consultation requests, internal medicine services requested the highest number (95, 32.8%); the commonest type of consultation was screening for eye diseases (161, 55.5%) and the most common reason for consultation was to rule out diabetic retinopathy (125, 43.1%). The top five ophthalmology diagnoses after examination were diabetic retinopathy (45, 20.3%), diabetic retinopathy ruled out (37, 16.6%), conjunctivitis (12, 5.4%), refractive error (11, 4.8%) and normal ocular examination (11, 4.9%). Inpatient ophthalmologic procedures were performed in 146 patients, the commonest of which was retinal laser photocoagulation. A total of 133 (59.9%) inpatients had a change in their management as a result of the ophthalmology consultation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis
  19. Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy--a study of 217 patients from University of Malaya Medical Centre
    Tajunisah I, Nabilah H, Reddy SC
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):451-6.
    PMID: 17243523
    Two hundred and seventeen diabetic patients attending the eye clinic were examined to determine the prevalence of retinal changes, and the association between diabetic retinopathy and risk factors. A detailed fundus examination was done, after dilating the pupils, using 90 D lens and slitlamp biomicroscope. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 112 patients (51.6%). Background retinopathy was seen in 40 out of 217 (18.4%), pre-proliferative retinopathy in 11 (5.1%), proliferative retinopathy in 61 (28.1%) and maculopathy in 58 (26.7%) patients. Factors significantly associated with occurrence of retinopathy were duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and presence of systemic complications (diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy).
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology*
  20. Fulltext Adverse outcomes in Type I diabetic pregnant women with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
    Helen CCT, Tajunisah I, Reddy SC
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2011;4(4):443-6.
    PMID: 22553697 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.04.23
    AIM: To report maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, in spite of appropriate treatment and regular follow up, in diabetic pregnant women with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
    METHODS: Case series of four young pregnant diabetics aged between 20 and 25 years with type I diabetes mellitus and proliferative diabetic retrinopathy.
    RESULTS: The maternal adverse outcomes were abortion in one patient, pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery in one patient, and renal failure requiring dialysis in one patient. The fetal adverse outcomes were neonatal death in one case and premature baby in another case.
    CONCLUSION: These cases highlight the fact that diabetic pregnant women should be closely followed up by the obstetricians and physicians when they have proliferative retinopathy. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy should be considered as a part of the assessment when counseling a diabetic woman in antenatal check up and also in the follow up visits during pregnancy.
    KEYWORDS: pregnancy; proliferative diabetic retinopathy; type I diabetes mellitus; vitreous haemorrhage
    Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy*
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