Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 4436 in total

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  1. Dengue virus infection--the Malaysian experience
    George R, Lam SK
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1997 Nov;26(6):815-9.
    PMID: 9522985
    Since dengue was first documented in Malaysia in 1902 and made notifiable in 1973, the disease pattern has changed from major outbreaks every four years to one of increasing trend yearly. The largest outbreak was seen in 1996 with 14,255 dengue cases reported and 32 deaths. The case fatality rate varied from a high of 10.43% in 1985 when dengue type 3 was the predominant type to a low of 1.29% when dengue type 1 predominated. Severe disease patterns have been observed with dengue 2 and 3 serotypes in the country. The clinical spectrum has also been changing and multisystem involvement with more severe manifestations are being seen. Liver involvement has been documented since 1987. Fulminant hepatitis with encephalopathy can resemble Reye's syndrome. Dengue type 3 has been isolated from liver biopsy specimens. Neurological manifestations can very from irritability, convulsions, coma to peripheral neuritis. The isolation of dengue viruses from cerebrospinal fluids recently strongly suggests that dengue viruses can be neurovirulent. Adult respiratory distress syndrome was seen in three children admitted with shock. Deaths were more frequent in children in the early period but since 1982, over 50% of deaths have occurred in patients over the age of 15 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  2. Fulltext Epidemiology of COVID-19 cases and vaccination coverage in Seremban District, Malaysia, 2021
    Khairul Amin KHA, Bujang NNA, Abas SA, Zulkifli NI, Amir SA, Shah SM, et al.
    Western Pac Surveill Response J, 2023;14(2):1-7.
    PMID: 37475779 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.2.985
    OBJECTIVE: Malaysia's first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in January 2020, with the first case in the state of Negeri Sembilan diagnosed on 17 February 2020. The National COVID-19 Immunization Programme commenced in early March 2021 in Negeri Sembilan. This study describes the COVID-19 cases and vaccination coverage in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, during 2021.

    METHODS: The demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases and the district's vaccination coverage were described. Vaccination coverage was plotted against COVID-19 cases on the epidemic curve. The χ2 test was used to examine the differences between the vaccination status of COVID-19 cases and severity category, hospitalization status and mortality.

    RESULTS: In Seremban District, there were 65 879 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 2021. The data revealed that the 
21-30-year age group had the highest proportion of cases (16 365; 24.8%), the majority of cases were male (58.3%), and most cases were from the subdistrict of Ampangan (23.1%). The majority of cases were Malaysian. Over half (53.5%) were symptomatic, with fever (29.8%) and cough (22.8%) being the most frequently reported symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination status was significantly associated with severity category, hospitalization and mortality (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  3. Fulltext Efficient and Effective Diabetes Care in the Era of Digitalization and Hypercompetitive Research Culture: A Focused Review in the Western Pacific Region with Malaysia as a Case Study
    Chew BH, Lai PSM, Sivaratnam DA, Basri NI, Appannah G, Mohd Yusof BN, et al.
    Health Syst Reform, 2025 Dec 31;11(1):2417788.
    PMID: 39761168 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2024.2417788
    There are approximately 220 million (about 12% regional prevalence) adults living with diabetes mellitus (DM) with its related complications, and morbidity knowingly or unconsciously in the Western Pacific Region (WP). The estimated healthcare cost in the WP and Malaysia was 240 billion USD and 1.0 billion USD in 2021 and 2017, respectively, with unmeasurable suffering and loss of health quality and economic productivity. This urgently calls for nothing less than concerted and preventive efforts from all stakeholders to invest in transforming healthcare professionals and reforming the healthcare system that prioritizes primary medical care setting, empowering allied health professionals, improvising health organization for the healthcare providers, improving health facilities and non-medical support for the people with DM. This article alludes to challenges in optimal diabetes care and proposes evidence-based initiatives over a 5-year period in a detailed roadmap to bring about dynamic and efficient healthcare services that are effective in managing people with DM using Malaysia as a case study for reference of other countries with similar backgrounds and issues. This includes a scanning on the landscape of clinical research in DM, dimensions and spectrum of research misconducts, possible common biases along the whole research process, key preventive strategies, implementation and limitations toward high-quality research. Lastly, digital medicine and how artificial intelligence could contribute to diabetes care and open science practices in research are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  4. Fulltext New estimates of CMV seroprevalence in Malaysia. Where do we go from here?
    Camalxaman SN, Zeenathul NA, Quah YW, Zuridah H, Loh HS
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):231.
    PMID: 22822655
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  5. Fulltext Stroke registry--relevance and contributions
    Tharakan J
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):251-2.
    PMID: 23082411
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  6. Fulltext Prevalence of bronchial asthma among orang asli in peninsular Malaysia
    Ngui R, Lim YA, Chow SC, de Bruyne JA, Liam CK
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):27-31.
    PMID: 23765139 MyJurnal
    A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma and their contributing risk factors among Orang Asli subgroups living in Malaysia using IUATLD questionnaire and spirometry without being discriminatory towards age or gender. Of the 1171 distributed questionnaires, 716 (61.1%) comprising of 62.7% Semai Pahang, 51.3% Temiar, 74.2% Mah Meri, 65.6% Semai Perak, 53.6% Temuan, 53.8% Semelai, 61.1% Jakun and 67.4% Orang Kuala subgroups completed their questionnaire and were included in the data analysis. Participants comprised 549 (76.7%) children and 167 (23.3%) adults, age between 1 to 83 years old, 304 (42.5%) males and 412 (57.5%) females. The overall prevalence of bronchial asthma was 1.4% of which 1.5% was children, 1.3% adults, 1.0% male and 1.7% female, respectively. Of the 8 subgroups surveyed, 5 out of 10 confirmed asthma cases were Semai Pahang, followed by 3 cases among Mah Meri, and one case each among Temuan and Semai Perak subgroups, respectively. This study also demonstrated that the prevalence of self-reported and confirmed bronchial asthma tend to be higher among those who had close contact with pets, smoking individuals and among those who had a family history of asthma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  7. Melioidosis and rainfall in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sam IC, Puthucheary SD
    J Infect, 2007 May;54(5):519-20.
    PMID: 16965821
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  8. Suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia: a review of the literature
    Aishvarya S, Maniam T, Sidi H, Oei TP
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S95-100.
    PMID: 23433220 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.005
    The aim of this paper was to review the literature on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia. PsyINFO, PubMed, Medline databases from 1845 to 2012 and detailed manual search of local official reports from Ministry of Health, Malaysian Psychiatric Association and unpublished dissertations from 3 local universities providing postgraduate psychiatric training, were included in the current review. A total of 13 studies on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia were found and reviewed. The review showed that research on suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia was fragmented and limited, at best. Approximately 50% of existing research on suicide ideation and intent simply focused on sociodemographic data. Fifty-four percent of the data were obtained from hospitals. No study has been conducted on treatment and interventions for suicide ideation and intent. None of the studies used validated suicide scales. The impact of culture was rarely considered. It was clear from the review that for researchers, clinicians and public health policy makers to gain a better understanding of suicide behavior especially suicide ideation and intent in Malaysia, more systematic and empirically stringent methodologies and research frameworks need to be used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  9. Dengue control programme in Malaysia
    Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi, 1994 Dec;10 Suppl:S113-5.
    PMID: 7844838
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  10. Mycobacterial infection
    Mahayiddin AA
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Jun;18(1):17-9.
    PMID: 10879219
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  11. Fulltext Cancer in Malaysia--there is light at the end of the tunnel
    Lim GCC
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):632-5.
    PMID: 15190645
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  12. Spectrum of breast cancer in Malaysian women: overview
    Hisham AN, Yip CH
    World J Surg, 2003 Aug;27(8):921-3.
    PMID: 12784146
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. Nonetheless, in Malaysia there is a marked geographical difference in the incidence of breast cancer with advanced stage of presentation. The breast clinic in Kuala Lumpur Hospital diagnosed approximately 150 to 200 new cases of breast cancer a year. This number, however, represents only 12.0% to 15.0% of all breast disease seen annually in Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Between 1998 and 2001, of a total of 774 cases of newly diagnosed breast cancer in Kuala Lumpur Hospital, only 5.0% (40/774) were impalpable breast cancers. The peak age group for the three major ethnic distributions (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) ranged from 40 to 49 years. The mean tumor size at presentation was 5.4 cm (range: 1-20 cm), and the advanced stage of breast cancer is observed to be highest among the Malay ethnic group. Although it appears that the incidence of breast cancer in Malaysia is lower than in the developed countries, the difference may be attributable to the difficulty in getting accurate statistics and to underreporting of cases. Nonetheless, from the available data, it is clear that breast cancer continues to be the most common cancer among Malaysian women. The strongly negative social-cultural perception of the disease, made worse by the geographical isolation of many rural areas, accounts for the delayed diagnosis and the often advanced stage of disease at presentation. A prospective population-based study is called for to verify the demographic patterns of breast cancer, particular in Malaysia and other developing countries. The findings of such a study may have implications for future breast screening programs and for facilitating the understanding of differing risks of breast cancer among women around the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext Measuring Time-Varying Effective Reproduction Numbers for COVID-19 and Their Relationship with Movement Control Order in Malaysia
    Musa KI, Arifin WN, Mohd MH, Jamiluddin MS, Ahmad NA, Chen XW, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 03 22;18(6).
    PMID: 33809958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063273
    To curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) in Malaysia, the government imposed a nationwide movement control order (MCO) from 18 March 2020 to 3 May 2020. It was enforced in four phases (i.e., MCO 1, MCO 2, MCO 3 and MCO 4). In this paper, we propose an initiative to assess the impact of MCO by using time-varying reproduction number (Rt). We used data from the Johns Hopkins University Centre for Systems Science and Engineering Coronavirus repository. Day 1 was taken from the first assumed local transmission of COVID-19. We estimated Rt by using the EpiEstim package and plotted the epidemic curve and Rt. Then, we extracted the mean Rt at day 1, day 5 and day 10 for all MCO phases and compared the differences. The Rt values peaked around day 43, which was shortly before the start of MCO 1. The means for Rt at day 1, day 5, and day 10 for all MCOs ranged between 0.665 and 1.147. The average Rt gradually decreased in MCO 1 and MCO 2. Although spikes in the number of confirmed cases were observed when restrictions were gradually relaxed in the later MCO phases, the situation remained under control with Rt values being stabilised to below unity level (Rt value less than one).
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  14. Fulltext Spatial Variation of Survival for Colorectal Cancer in Malaysia
    Ghazali AK, Keegan T, Taylor BM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 01 25;18(3).
    PMID: 33503972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031052
    A patient's survival may depend on several known and unknown factors and it may also vary spatially across a region. Socioeconomic status, accessibility to healthcare and other environmental factors are likely to contribute to survival rates. The aim of the study was to model the spatial variation in survival for colorectal cancer patients in Malaysia, accounting for individual and socioeconomic risk factors. We conducted a retrospective study of 4412 colorectal cancer (ICD-10, C18-C20) patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2013 to model survival in CRC patients. We used the data recorded in the database of the Malaysian National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer (NCPR-CRC). Spatial location was assigned based on the patients' central district location, which involves 144 administrative districts of Malaysia. We fitted a parametric proportional hazards model in which the spatially correlated frailties were modelled by a log-Gaussian stochastic process to analyse the spatially referenced survival data, which is also known as a spatial survival model. After controlling for individual and area level characteristics, our findings indicate wide spatial variation in colorectal cancer survival across Malaysia. Better healthcare provision and higher socioeconomic index in the districts where patients live decreased the risk of death from colorectal cancer, but these associations were not statistically significant. Reliable measurement of environmental factors is needed to provide good insight into the effects of potential risk factors for the disease. For example, a better metric is needed to measure socioeconomic status and accessibility to healthcare in the country. The findings provide new information that might be of use to the Ministry of Health in identifying populations with an increased risk of poor survival, and for planning and providing cancer control services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  15. An ecological study of the relationship between urban built environment and cardiovascular hospital admissions (2004-2016) in an Asian developing country
    Kwan SC, Ismail R, Ismail NH, Mohamed N
    Soc Sci Med, 2021 05;276:113868.
    PMID: 33799201 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113868
    This study aims to evaluate the relationship between urban built environment and hospital admissions from cardiovascular diseases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Hospital admission data from 2004 to 2016 for cardiovascular diseases were used with patient residential postcodes as the unit of analysis. Data was split into 2004-2009 (12,551 cases) and 2010-2016 (17,154 cases) periods corresponding to land use data. We used generalized linear mixed model to analyse population density, property value, entropy index, and the kernel density (800 m) of specific land use, bus and rail stations, and road junctions, with time period and postcodes as the random effects to generate incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results indicated that entropy index and recreational area density were associated with fewer hypertensive disease and ischemic heart disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.49-0.68, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.97). Population density and property value were associated with fewer cerebrovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 0.29-0.34, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.75). Contrarily, density of road junctions was associated with 2.5-6.3 times more hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease hospital admissions (IRR range: 2.53-6.34, 95%CI: 1.07,17.91). There were no significant association between hospital admission and density of residential area, undeveloped land, rail and bus stations. The shapes of relationships for all attributes were non-linear, and changed markedly at the third quartile except for recreational area density. The findings suggest that land use attributes have some protective effects on the cardiovascular disease admission cases as compared to the transport attributes. These findings have important merits for integrating health into urban planning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  16. Fulltext Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, Practise and Health Literacy (KAPH) Towards COVID-19 in Post-COVID-19 New Reality: The Need and Its Challenges in Malaysia
    Dalawi I, Chen XW, Isa MR, Azhar ZI, Mohd Nor F
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:704115.
    PMID: 34368066 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.704115
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  17. Lifetime vibration dose correlates with severity of the neurological component of hand-arm vibration syndrome among tyre shop workers in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Qamruddin AA, Husain NRN, Sidek MY, Hanafi MH, Ripin ZM, Ali N
    Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2021 Jun;27(2):410-415.
    PMID: 30940001 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2019.1600872
    Introduction. Cumulative lifetime exposure to vibration is believed to contribute to more severe complications of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Objectives. To determine prevalence of the neurological component of HAVS and the correlation between lifetime vibration dose (LVD) and neurological severity of HAVS among tyre shop workers in Kelantan. Methods. The cross-sectional study involved 200 tyre shop workers from two districts in Kelantan. Part one data were collected in the field using a questionnaire and hand-arm vibration was measured. Part two involved a set of hand clinical examinations (Purdue pegboard, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament and two-point discrimination tests) carried out for neurological component severity staging. LVD for each worker was calculated from data gathered in part one. For workers who had neurological symptoms, staging according to Stockholm workshop scales was done according to part two data. The strength of correlation between LVD and neurological stages was then determined using Spearman correlation. Results. Prevalence of neurological component was 37%. Spearman correlation between LVD and the neurological stages showed a moderate positive correlation. Conclusion. Cumulative lifetime exposure to hand-transmitted vibration is likely to be related to neurological severity of HAVS and therefore must be considered when assessing workers' exposure to hand-arm vibration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  18. Seroprevalence of Hydatid Disease Among Migrant Workers in Malaysia
    Khan AH, Khanbabaie S, Yunus MH, Mohd Zain SN, Mohd Baharudeen Z, Sahimin N, et al.
    J Immigr Minor Health, 2020 Oct;22(5):1105-1108.
    PMID: 32445161 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01029-y
    Hydatid disease is not endemic in Malaysia; however, its migrant workers originate from neighboring countries where the disease is prevalent. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of hydatid disease among the workers. A total of 479 migrant workers were screened for hydatid disease. The sociodemographic information was collected, and serum samples were tested with a rapid dipstick test for hydatid disease called Hyd Rapid™. The present study showed that 13.6% of the migrant workers were found to be seropositive for hydatid disease. The highest seroprevalence was seen among Indian workers (29.41%), followed by Myanmarese (21.43%), Bangladeshis (14.92%), Nepalese (10.68%), and Indonesian (10.66%). This is the first study that highlights the likely presence of hydatid disease among the migrant workers in Malaysia, which may be of interest to the health authorities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  19. Fulltext Spatial pattern of dengue cases: An analysis in Bangi District, Selangor, Malaysia
    Abd Majid N, Rainis R, Sahani M, Mohamed AF, Abdul Ghani Aziz SA, Muhamad Nazi N
    Geospat Health, 2021 03 11;16(1).
    PMID: 33706498 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.915
    In recent decades, dengue outbreaks have become increasingly common around the developing countries, including Malaysia. Thus, it is essential for rural as well as urbanised livelihood to understand the distribution pattern of this infection. The objective of this study is to determine the trend of dengue cases reported from the year 2014 to 2018 and the spatial pattern for this spread. Spatial statistical analyses conducted found that the distribution pattern and spatial mean centre for dengue cases were clustered in the eastern part of the Bangi region. Directional distribution observed that the elongated polygon of dengue cluster stretched from the Northeast to the Southwest of Bangi District. The standard distance observed for dengue cases was smallest in the year 2014 (0.017 m), and largest in 2016 (0.019 m), whereas in the year 2015, 2017 and 2018, it measured 0.018 m. The average nearest neighbour analysis also displayed clustered patterns for dengue cases in the Bangi District. The three spatial statistical analyses (spatial mean centre, standard distance and directional distribution) findings illustrate that the dengue cases from the year 2014 to 2018 are clustered in the Northeast to the Southwest of the study region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  20. Fulltext Perceived quality of care among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north east region of peninsular Malaysia
    Nordin N, Hairon SM, Yaacob NM, Hamid AA, Isa SAM, Hassan N
    BMC Public Health, 2021 02 02;21(1):268.
    PMID: 33568119 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10320-y
    BACKGROUND: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are best managed by a chronic care model that is associated with enhanced quality of care and improved patient outcome. Assessing patients' perceived quality of care is crucial in improving the healthcare delivery system. Hence, this study determined the perceived quality of care among people with T2DM and explored its associations with (i) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and (ii) types of healthcare clinics to guide future planning.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 20 primary healthcare clinics in the North East Region of Peninsular Malaysia and people with T2DM as the sampling unit was conducted from February to May 2019. The pro forma checklist, interview-guided Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11, and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (Malay version; PACIC-M) questionnaire were used for data collection. Univariate analysis and linear regression were used to determine the status of perceived quality of care and the factors associated with the perceived quality of care, respectively.

    RESULTS: Overall, data from 772 participants were analyzed. The majority was from the Malay ethnic group (95.6%) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.91% (2.30). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the number of medical officers available at each clinic was 6 (7), with Family Doctor Concept (FDC) clinics having a higher number of medical officers than non-FDC clinics (p = 0.001). The overall mean (SD) PACIC-M score was 2.65 (0.54) with no significant difference between scores of patients treated in the two clinic types (p = 0.806). Higher perceived quality of care was associated with lower number of medical officers (adjusted regression coefficient [Adj.β], - 0.021; p-value [p], 0.001), and greater doctor-patient interaction in all domains: distress relief (Adj.β, 0.033; p, Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
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