Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 336 in total

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  1. Fulltext Intraocular nematode with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: case report
    Yusoff M, Alwi AA, Said MM, Zakariah S, Ghani ZA, Zunaina E
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2011;11:15.
    PMID: 21679403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-15
    Live intraocular nematode is a rare occurrence. Nematode can migrate actively within the eye, creating visual symptoms and damaging ocular tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  2. The use of graphic rules in grade one to help identify children at risk of handwriting difficulties
    Khalid PI, Yunus J, Adnan R, Harun M, Sudirman R, Mahmood NH
    Res Dev Disabil, 2010 Nov-Dec;31(6):1685-93.
    PMID: 20554150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.005
    Previous researches on elementary grade handwriting revealed that pupils employ certain strategy when writing or drawing. The relationship between this strategy and the use of graphic rules has been documented but very little research has been devoted to the connection between the use of graphic rules and handwriting proficiency. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the relative contribution of the use of graphic rules to the writing ability. A sample of 105 first graders who were average printers and 65 first graders who might experience handwriting difficulty, as judged by their teachers, of a normal primary school were individually tested on their use of graphic rules. It has been found that pupils who are below average printers use more non-analytic strategy than average printers to reproduce the figures. The results also reveal that below average printers do not acquire the graphic principles that foster an analytic approach to production skills. Although the findings are not sufficient to allow definitive conclusions about handwriting ability, it can be considered as one of the screening measures in identifying pupils who are at risk of handwriting difficulties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  3. Is First-Order Vector Autoregressive Model Optimal for fMRI Data?
    Ting CM, Seghouane AK, Khalid MU, Salleh ShH
    Neural Comput, 2015 Sep;27(9):1857-71.
    PMID: 26161816 DOI: 10.1162/NECO_a_00765
    We consider the problem of selecting the optimal orders of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for fMRI data. Many previous studies used model order of one and ignored that it may vary considerably across data sets depending on different data dimensions, subjects, tasks, and experimental designs. In addition, the classical information criteria (IC) used (e.g., the Akaike IC (AIC)) are biased and inappropriate for the high-dimensional fMRI data typically with a small sample size. We examine the mixed results on the optimal VAR orders for fMRI, especially the validity of the order-one hypothesis, by a comprehensive evaluation using different model selection criteria over three typical data types--a resting state, an event-related design, and a block design data set--with varying time series dimensions obtained from distinct functional brain networks. We use a more balanced criterion, Kullback's IC (KIC) based on Kullback's symmetric divergence combining two directed divergences. We also consider the bias-corrected versions (AICc and KICc) to improve VAR model selection in small samples. Simulation results show better small-sample selection performance of the proposed criteria over the classical ones. Both bias-corrected ICs provide more accurate and consistent model order choices than their biased counterparts, which suffer from overfitting, with KICc performing the best. Results on real data show that orders greater than one were selected by all criteria across all data sets for the small to moderate dimensions, particularly from small, specific networks such as the resting-state default mode network and the task-related motor networks, whereas low orders close to one but not necessarily one were chosen for the large dimensions of full-brain networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  4. Fulltext A Review of Cell Adhesion Studies for Biomedical and Biological Applications
    Khalili AA, Ahmad MR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2015 Aug 05;16(8):18149-84.
    PMID: 26251901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818149
    Cell adhesion is essential in cell communication and regulation, and is of fundamental importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. The mechanical interactions between a cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence and control cell behavior and function. The essential function of cell adhesion has created tremendous interests in developing methods for measuring and studying cell adhesion properties. The study of cell adhesion could be categorized into cell adhesion attachment and detachment events. The study of cell adhesion has been widely explored via both events for many important purposes in cellular biology, biomedical, and engineering fields. Cell adhesion attachment and detachment events could be further grouped into the cell population and single cell approach. Various techniques to measure cell adhesion have been applied to many fields of study in order to gain understanding of cell signaling pathways, biomaterial studies for implantable sensors, artificial bone and tooth replacement, the development of tissue-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip in tissue engineering, the effects of biochemical treatments and environmental stimuli to the cell adhesion, the potential of drug treatments, cancer metastasis study, and the determination of the adhesion properties of normal and cancerous cells. This review discussed the overview of the available methods to study cell adhesion through attachment and detachment events.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  5. Fulltext Inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of Newcastle disease virus strain AF2240 on mammary carcinoma cell line
    Ahmad U, Ahmed I, Keong YY, Abd Manan N, Othman F
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:127828.
    PMID: 25821783 DOI: 10.1155/2015/127828
    Breast cancer is the malignant tumour that developed from cells of the breast and is the first leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the available treatments for breast cancer, but these were reported to have side effects. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) known as Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV1) belongs to the genus Avulavirus in a family Paramyxoviridae. NDV is shown to be a promising anticancer agent, killing tumour cells while sparing normal cells unharmed. In this study, the oncolytic and cytotoxic activities of NDV AF2240 strain were evaluated on MDA-MB-231, human mammary carcinoma cell line, using MTT assay, and its inhibitory effects were further studied using proliferation and migration assays. Morphological and apoptotic-inducing effects of NDV on MD-MB-231 cells were observed using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. Detection of DNA fragmentation was done following terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated Br-dUTP nick end labeling staining (TUNEL) assay, which confirmed that the mode of death was through apoptosis and was quantified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, analysis of cellular DNA content demonstrated that the virus caused an increase in the sub-G1 phase (apoptotic peak) of the cell cycle. It appears that NDV AF2240 strain is a potent anticancer agent that induced apoptosis in time-dependent manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  6. In vitro activity of some monoclonal antibodies against Brugia malayi microfiliariae and infective larvae
    Tan MA, Mak JW, Yong HS
    Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1989 Sep;40(3):317-21.
    PMID: 2617040
    Two out of six monoclonals (McAbs) produced against subperiodic Brugia malayi infective larva (L3) antigens impaired B. malayi L3 motility independently of human buffy coat cells. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed damage to L3 surface and loss of regular cuticular annulations. The two McAbs (BML 1a and BM1 8b) did not affect B. malayi microfilaria (mf). They were IFAT-positive with B. malayi adult and L3 antigens; other McAbs which did not affect mf or L3 motility were IFAT-negative. All six McAbs did not promote cellular adherence of normal human buffy coat cells to mf or L3.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  7. Fulltext The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and risk factors among women assembly workers in the semiconductor industry
    Chandrasakaran A, Chee HL, Rampal KG, Tan GLE
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):657-66.
    PMID: 15190650
    A cross-sectional study to determine work-related musculoskeletal problems and ergonomic risk factors was conducted among 529 women semiconductor workers. Overall, 83.4% had musculoskeletal symptoms in the last one year. Pain in the back (57.8%), lower leg (48.4%) and shoulder (44.8%) were the three most common musculoskeletal problems. Significant associations were found between prolonged standing and upper and lower leg pain, between prolonged sitting and neck and shoulder pain and between prolonged bending and shoulder arm, back and upper leg pain. The study therefore showed a clear association between work-related musculoskeletal pain and prolonged hours spent in particular postures and movements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  8. Inhibition of cell migration and invasion by miR‑29a‑3p in a colorectal cancer cell line through suppression of CDC42BPA mRNA expression
    He PY, Yip WK, Chai BL, Chai BY, Jabar MF, Dusa N, et al.
    Oncol Rep, 2017 Dec;38(6):3554-3566.
    PMID: 29039592 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6037
    The objective of this study was to determine the effect of miR‑29a‑3p inhibitor on the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines (CRC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. miR‑29a‑3p was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) in the CRC cell lines HCT11, CaCo2, HT29, SW480 and SW620. An invasive subpopulation designated SW480‑7 was derived from the parental cell line, detected by Transwell and Transwell Matrigel assays. Cytoskeleton Regulators RT2 profiler PCR array and western blot analysis were utilized to identify the alterations in expression of downstream mRNAs. siRNA against CDC42BPA was transfected into SW480‑7 and effects on cell migration and invasion were investigated. Data obtained showed that miR‑29a‑3p was detected in these five CRC cell lines. miR‑29a‑3p inhibitor had no effect on viability but stimulated cell migration and invasion of SW480‑7 cells. In contrast, miR‑29a‑3p mimic suppressed cell migration and invasion. TargetScan miRBD and DIANA were employed to identify the potential direct target genes of miR‑29a‑3p in the Cytoskeleton Regulators RT2-Profiler PCR array. Cytoskeleton Regulators RT2-Profiler PCR array data showed that 3 out of the 5 predicted targets genes, CDC42BPA (2.33-fold), BAIAP2 (1.79-fold) and TIAM1 (1.77-fold), in the array were upregulated by miR‑29a‑3p. A significant increase in expression IQGAP2, PHLDB2, SSH1 mRNAs and downregulation of PAK1 mRNA was also detected with miR‑29a‑3p inhibition. Increase in CDC42BPA, SSH1 and IQGAP2 mRNA expression correlated with increased protein level in miR‑29a‑3p transfected SW-480-7 cells. Silencing of CDC42BPA (an enhancer of cell motility) partially abolished miR‑29a‑3p inhibitor-induced stimulation of cell migration and invasion. miR‑29a‑3p expression in stage II and III CRC is relatively lower than that of stage I CRC. However, the data need to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. In conclusion, inhibition of miR‑29a‑3p stimulates SW480‑7 cell migration and invasion and downstream expression IQGAP2, PHLDB2, SSH1 mRNAs are upregulated whilst PAK1 mRNA is downregulated. Silencing of CDC42BPA expression partially reduces miR29a‑3p inhibitor-induced migration and invasion of SW480‑7 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  9. Fulltext The effectiveness of home-based therapy on functional outcome, self-efficacy and anxiety among discharged stroke survivors
    Pui Kei C, Mohd Nordin NA, Abdul Aziz AF
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2020 Nov 20;99(47):e23296.
    PMID: 33217861 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023296
    INTRODUCTION: Stroke survivors are commonly at risk of functional decline following discharge from rehabilitation, which increase their susceptibility to falls, dependency in activities of daily living and emotional disturbances. To combat these, continued therapy is important. Home-based therapy (HBT) has been shown to be useful in maintaining functional performance and quality of life of chronic stroke survivors. However, evidence on its effectiveness remains limited, while no studies are available to date which report the benefit of HBT on stroke survivors self-efficacy and emotional status. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of post-discharge HBT in comparison to usual practice on functional outcome (mobility and gait speed), self-efficacy and anxiety level among stroke survivors.

    METHODS: This is an assessor-blinded randomized control trial comparing 2 types of intervention which are HBT (experimental group) and usual practice (UP) (control group). Based on sample size calculation using GPower, a total number of 42 participants will be recruited and allocated into either the HBT or the UP group. Participants in HBT group will receive a set of structured exercise therapy consisting of progressive strengthening, balance and task-related exercises. While participants in UP group will receive a usual "intervention" practised by rehabilitation professional prior to discharging stroke patients from their care. Both groups are advised to perform the given interventions for 3 times per week for 12 weeks under the supervision of their caregiver. Outcomes of interventions will be measured using timed up and go test (for mobility), ten-meter walk test (for gait speed), stroke self-efficacy questionnaire (for self-efficacy) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (for anxiety level). All data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

    DISCUSSION: This study will provide the information on the effectiveness of HBT in comparison to UP among stroke population who are discharged from rehabilitation. Findings from the study will enable rehabilitation professionals to design effective discharge care plan for stroke survivors in combating functional decline when no longer receiving hospital-based therapy.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619001182189 (last updated 22/11/2019).

    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  10. Fulltext Neutralizing FGF4 protein in conditioned medium of IL-21-silenced HCT116 cells restores the migratory activity of the colorectal cancer cells
    Abdalkareem EA, Ong CY, Lim BH, Khoo BY
    Cytotechnology, 2018 Oct;70(5):1363-1374.
    PMID: 29802489 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0228-2
    The interleukin-21 (IL-21) protein was found to be expressed at an elevated level in clinical samples of colorectal cancer patients without or with a parasitic infection that were collected from Sudan in our previous study. The IL-21 gene in HT29 and HCT116 cells was then correlated to cell proliferation and cell migration, as well as the cellular mechanisms associated with gene expressions in our present study. Our results demonstrated that silencing the IL-21 gene in HCT116 cells increased the cytotoxic level and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF4) mRNA expression in the cancer cells. Moreover, specific gene silencing reduced the migration of cancer cells compared to non-silenced cancer cells. These events were not observed in IL-21-silenced HT29 cells. Neutralizing FGF4 in conditioned medium of IL-21-silenced HCT116 cells further increased the cytotoxic level and restored the migratory activity of HCT116 cells in the culture compared to silencing the IL-21 gene alone in the cancer cells. Our results indicate the importance of both silencing the IL-21 gene and co-expression of the FGF4 protein in HCT116 cells, which pave the way for the discovery of important factors to be used as biomarkers for the design of drugs or cost-effective supplements to effectively treat the patients having infectious disease and HCT116 cells of colorectal cancer simultaneously in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  11. Fulltext 3D Microfluidic Bone Tumor Microenvironment Comprised of Hydroxyapatite/Fibrin Composite
    Ahn J, Lim J, Jusoh N, Lee J, Park TE, Kim Y, et al.
    Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2019;7:168.
    PMID: 31380359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00168
    Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis, as its fertile microenvironment attracts tumor cells. The unique mechanical properties of bone extracellular matrix (ECM), mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) affect a number of cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as proliferation, migration, viability, and morphology, as well as angiogenic activity, which is related to bone metastasis. In this study, we engineered a bone-mimetic microenvironment to investigate the interactions between the TME and HA using a microfluidic platform designed for culturing tumor cells in 3D bone-mimetic composite of HA and fibrin. We developed a bone metastasis TME model from colorectal cancer (SW620) and gastric cancer (MKN74) cells, which has very poor prognosis but rarely been investigated. The microfluidic platform enabled straightforward formation of 3D TME composed the hydrogel and multiple cell types. This facilitated monitoring of the effect of HA concentration and culture time on the TME. In 3D bone mimicking culture, we found that HA rich microenvironment affects cell viability, proliferation and cancer cell cytoplasmic volume in a manner dependent on the different metastatic cancer cell types and culture duration indicating the spatial heterogeneity (different origin of metastatic cancer) and temporal heterogeneity (growth time of cancer) of TME. We also found that both SW620 and MKN72 cells exhibited significantly reduced migration at higher HA concentration in our platform indicating inhibitory effect of HA in both cancer cells migration. Next, we quantitatively analyzed angiogenic sprouts induced by paracrine factors that secreted by TME and showed paracrine signals from tumor and stromal cell with a high HA concentration resulted in the formation of fewer sprouts. Finally we reconstituted vascularized TME allowing direct interaction between angiogenic sprouts and tumor-stroma microspheroids in a bone-mimicking microenvironment composing a tunable HA/fibrin composite. Our multifarious approach could be applied to drug screening and mechanistic studies of the metastasis, growth, and progression of bone tumors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  12. Fulltext The classification of movement intention through machine learning models: the identification of significant time-domain EMG features
    Mohd Khairuddin I, Sidek SN, P P Abdul Majeed A, Mohd Razman MA, Ahmad Puzi A, Md Yusof H
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e379.
    PMID: 33817026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.379
    Electromyography (EMG) signal is one of the extensively utilised biological signals for predicting human motor intention, which is an essential element in human-robot collaboration platforms. Studies on motion intention prediction from EMG signals have often been concentrated on either classification and regression models of muscle activity. In this study, we leverage the information from the EMG signals, to detect the subject's intentions in generating motion commands for a robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation platform. The EMG signals are recorded from ten healthy subjects' biceps muscle, and the movements of the upper limb evaluated are voluntary elbow flexion and extension along the sagittal plane. The signals are filtered through a fifth-order Butterworth filter. A number of features were extracted from the filtered signals namely waveform length (WL), mean absolute value (MAV), root mean square (RMS), standard deviation (SD), minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX). Several different classifiers viz. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) were investigated on its efficacy to accurately classify the pre-intention and intention classes based on the significant features identified (MIN and MAX) via Extremely Randomised Tree feature selection technique. It was observed from the present investigation that the DT classifier yielded an excellent classification with a classification accuracy of 100%, 99% and 99% on training, testing and validation dataset, respectively based on the identified features. The findings of the present investigation are non-trivial towards facilitating the rehabilitation phase of patients based on their actual capability and hence, would eventually yield a more active participation from them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  13. microRNA-548m suppresses cell migration and invasion by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells
    Nor WMFSBW, Chung I, Said NABM
    Oncol Res, 2020 Oct 27.
    PMID: 33109304 DOI: 10.3727/096504020X16037933185170
    Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, in which the most severe form happens when it metastasizes to other regions of the body. Metastasis is responsible for most treatment failures in advanced breast cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in promoting metastatic processes in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNAs that play a role in regulating a broad range of biological processes, including cancer initiation and development, by functioning as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. Expression of miR-548m has been found in various types of cancers, but the biological function and molecular mechanisms of miR-548m in cancers have not been fully studied. Here, we demonstrated the role of miR-548m in modulating EMT in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Expression data for primary breast cancer obtained from NCBI GEO datasets showed that miR-548m expression was downregulated in breast cancer patients compared with healthy group. We hypothesize that miR-548m acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-548m in both cell lines increased E-cadherin expression and decreased the EMT-associated transcription factors SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, as well as MMP9 expression. Consequently, migration and invasion capabilities of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were significantly inhibited in miR-548m-overexpressing cells. Analysis of 1059 putative target genes of miR-548m revealed common pathways involving both tight junction and the mTOR signaling pathway, which has potential impacts on cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, this study identified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a direct target of miR-548m in breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel function of miR-548m in reversing the EMT of breast cancer by reducing their migratory and invasive potentials, at least in part via targeting AHR expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  14. Wound Healing Property of Curcuminoids as a Microcapsule-Incorporated Cream
    Ang LF, Darwis Y, Koh RY, Gah Leong KV, Yew MY, Por LY, et al.
    Pharmaceutics, 2019 May 01;11(5).
    PMID: 31052413 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050205
    Curcuminoids have been used for the management of burns and wound healing in traditional Chinese medicine practices but the wide application of curcuminoids as a healing agent for wounds has always been a known problem due to their poor solubility, bioavailability, colour staining properties, as well as due to their intense photosensitivity and the need for further formulation approaches to maximise their various properties in order for them to considerably contribute towards the wound healing process. In the present study, a complex coacervation microencapsulation was used to encapsulate curcuminoids using gelatin B and chitosan. This study also focused on studying and confirming the potential of curcuminoids in a microencapsulated form as a wound healing agent. The potential of curcuminoids for wound management was evaluated using an in vitro human keratinocyte cell (HaCaT) model and the in vivo heater-inflicted burn wound model, providing evidence that the antioxidant activities of both forms of curcuminoids, encapsulated or not, are higher than those of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene in trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) (DPPH) studies. However, curcuminoids did not have much impact towards cell migration and proliferation in comparison with the negative control in the in vitro HaCaT study. The micoencapsulation formulation was shown to significantly influence wound healing in terms of increasing the wound contraction rate, hydroxyproline synthesis, and greater epithelialisation, which in turn provides strong justification for the incorporation of the microencapsulated formulation of curcuminoids as a topical treatment for burns and wound healing management as it has the potential to act as a crucial wound healing agent in healthcare settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  15. The influence of serum-supplemented culture media in a transwell migration assay
    Omar Zaki SS, Kanesan L, Leong MYD, Vidyadaran S
    Cell Biol Int, 2019 Oct;43(10):1201-1204.
    PMID: 30811086 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11122
    Our work cautions against the use of serum-supplemented culture media in a transwell migration assay when using chemoattractants other than FBS. At 24 h, a 5% foetal bovine serum (FBS) gradient caused BV2 microglia to migrate toward the lower compartment of the transwell apparatus. Interestingly, FBS-supplemented media in the absence of a gradient also resulted in notable microglia migration. Serum can therefore confound the interpretation of a transwell migration assay when another chemoattractant is used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  16. Fulltext Oncogenic Role of miR-200c-3p in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Progression via Targeting the 3'-Untranslated Region of DLC1
    Ankasha SJ, Shafiee MN, Abdul Wahab N, Raja Ali RA, Mokhtar NM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 05 27;18(11).
    PMID: 34071861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115741
    High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most common ovarian cancer with highly metastatic properties. A small non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA) was discovered to be a major regulator in many types of cancers through binding at the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), leading to degradation of the mRNA. In this study, we sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of miR-200c-3p in HGSC progression and metastasis. We identified the upregulation of miR-200c-3p expression in different stages of HGSC clinical samples and the downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene, Deleted in Liver Cancer 1 (DLC1), expression. Over expression of miR-200c-3p in HGSC cell lines downregulated DLC1 but upregulated the epithelial marker, E-cadherin (CDH1). Based on in silico analysis, two putative binding sites were found within the 3'UTR of DLC1, and we confirmed the direct binding of miR-200c-3p to the target binding motif at position 1488-1495 bp of 3'UTR of DLC1 by luciferase reporter assay in a SKOV3 cell line co-transfected with vectors and miR-200c-3p mimic. These data showed that miR-200c-3p regulated the progression of HGSC by regulating DLC1 expression post-transcription and can be considered as a promising target for therapeutic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  17. Clinical Activity Monitoring System (CATS): An automatic system to quantify bedside clinical activities in the intensive care unit
    Guo P, Chiew YS, Shaw GM, Shao L, Green R, Clark A, et al.
    Intensive Crit Care Nurs, 2016 Dec;37:52-61.
    PMID: 27401048 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2016.05.003
    Monitoring clinical activity at the bedside in the intensive care unit (ICU) can provide useful information to evaluate nursing care and patient recovery. However, it is labour intensive to quantify these activities and there is a need for an automated method to record and quantify these activities. This paper presents an automated system, Clinical Activity Tracking System (CATS), to monitor and evaluate clinical activity at the patient's bedside. The CATS uses four Microsoft Kinect infrared sensors to track bedside nursing interventions. The system was tested in a simulated environment where test candidates performed different motion paths in the detection area. Two metrics, 'Distance' and 'Dwell time', were developed to evaluate interventions or workload in the detection area. Results showed that the system can accurately track the intervention performed by individual or multiple subjects. The results of a 30-day, 24-hour preliminary study in an ICU bed space matched clinical expectations. It was found that the average 24-hour intervention is 22.0minutes/hour. The average intervention during the day time (7am-11pm) is 23.6minutes/hour, 1.4 times higher than 11pm-7am, 16.8minutes/hour. This system provides a unique approach to automatically collect and evaluate nursing interventions that can be used to evaluate patient acuity and workload demand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  18. Mutant p53 upregulates alpha-1 antitrypsin expression and promotes invasion in lung cancer
    Shakya R, Tarulli GA, Sheng L, Lokman NA, Ricciardelli C, Pishas KI, et al.
    Oncogene, 2017 08;36(31):4469-4480.
    PMID: 28368395 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.66
    Missense mutations in the TP53 tumor-suppressor gene inactivate its antitumorigenic properties and endow the incipient cells with newly acquired oncogenic properties that drive invasion and metastasis. Although the oncogenic effect of mutant p53 transcriptome has been widely acknowledged, the global influence of mutant p53 on cancer cell proteome remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that mutant p53 drives the release of invasive extracellular factors (the 'secretome') that facilitates the invasion of lung cancer cell lines. Proteomic characterization of the secretome from mutant p53-inducible H1299 human non-small cell lung cancer cell line discovered that the mutant p53 drives its oncogenic pathways through modulating the gene expression of numerous targets that are subsequently secreted from the cells. Of these genes, alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) was identified as a critical effector of mutant p53 that drives invasion in vitro and in vivo, together with induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers expression. Mutant p53 upregulated A1AT transcriptionally through the involvement with its family member p63. Conditioned medium containing secreted A1AT enhanced cell invasion, while an A1AT-blocking antibody attenuated the mutant p53-driven migration and invasion. Importantly, high A1AT expression correlated with increased tumor stage, elevated p53 staining and shorter overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Collectively, these findings suggest that A1AT is an indispensable target of mutant p53 with prognostic and therapeutic potential in mutant p53-expressing tumors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
  19. The potential of iRest in measuring the hand function performance of stroke patients
    Abdul Rahman H, Khor KX, Yeong CF, Su EL, Narayanan AL
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2017;28(2):105-116.
    PMID: 28372264 DOI: 10.3233/BME-171660
    BACKGROUND: Clinical scales such as Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) are widely used to evaluate stroke patient's motor performance. However, there are several limitations with these assessment scales such as subjectivity, lack of repeatability, time-consuming and highly depend on the ability of the physiotherapy. In contrast, robot-based assessments are objective, repeatable, and could potentially reduce the assessment time. However, robot-based assessments are not as well established as conventional assessment scale and the correlation to conventional assessment scale is unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to identify important parameters in designing tasks that efficiently assess hand function of stroke patients and to quantify potential benefits of robotic assessment modules to predict the conventional assessment score with iRest.

    METHODS: Twelve predictive variables were explored, relating to movement time, velocity, strategy, accuracy and smoothness from three robotic assessment modules which are Draw I, Draw Diamond and Draw Circle. Regression models using up to four predictors were developed to describe the MAS.

    RESULTS: Results show that the time given should be not too long and it would affect the trajectory error. Besides, result also shows that it is possible to use iRest in predicting MAS score.

    CONCLUSION: There is a potential of using iRest, a non-motorized device in predicting MAS score.

    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
  20. Biomechanical features of six design of the delta external fixator for treating Pilon fracture: a finite element study
    Ramlee MH, Sulong MA, Garcia-Nieto E, Penaranda DA, Felip AR, Kadir MRA
    Med Biol Eng Comput, 2018 Oct;56(10):1925-1938.
    PMID: 29679256 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1830-3
    Pilon fractures can be caused by high-energy vertical forces which may result in long-term patient immobilization. Many experts in orthopedic surgery recommend the use of a Delta external fixator for type III Pilon fracture treatment. This device can promote immediate healing of fractured bone, minimizing the rate of complications as well as allowing early mobilization. The characteristics of different types of the Delta frame have not been demonstrated yet. By using the finite element method, this study was conducted to determine the biomechanical characteristics of six different configurations (Model 1 until Model 6). CT images from the lower limb of a healthy human were used to reconstruct three-dimensional models of foot and ankle bones. All bones were assigned with isotropic material properties and the cartilages were assigned to exhibit hyperelasticity. A linear link was used to simulate 37 ligaments at the ankle joint. Axial loads of 70 and 350 N were applied at the proximal tibia to simulate the stance and swing phase. The metatarsals and calcaneus were fixed distally in order to prevent rigid body motion. A synthetic ankle bone was used to validate the finite element model. The simulated results showed that Delta3 produced the highest relative micromovement (0.09 mm, 7 μm) during the stance and swing phase, respectively. The highest equivalent von Mises stress was found at the calcaneus pin of the Delta4 (423.2 MPa) as compared to others. In conclusion, Delta1 external fixator was the most favorable option for type III Pilon fracture treatment. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
    Matched MeSH terms: Movement
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