MyMedR

Histopathological Investigation of Skin and Hides Damage of Small and Large Ruminants due to Naturally Infested Ticks

Saleem MZ, Akhtar R, Aslam A, Rashid MI

Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):1081-1086.

Ticks are important ectoparasites which transmit many disease pathogen to animals; these are labelled tick borne diseases (TBD). Tick induced damage to skin and hides has not received attention. Skin and hides are important for the leather product industry, particularly in Pakistan. Due to economic importance and financial loss by ticks in leather industry, the present study was designed to investigate skin and hides damage due to ticks at microscopic level. Naturally tick infested tissue samples of hides and skin were collected from slaughter houses. Primary lesions at tick feeding sites showed epidermal edema with adjacent dermal edema. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration of epidermal layer down to the basal layer. Epidermal and sub dermal layers often displayed focal necrosis infiltrated with neutrophils and mononuclear cells at tick bite sites. Hyperplasia of keratinocytes was also seen at sites of ruptured epidermis. Quality of leather depends upon the grain (Outer) surface skin/hides. Ticks infestation damages the outer surface, due to bites, inflammatory responses, and secondary bacterial infections that often become established at feeding sites. Control of ticks should be given consideration to reduce infestation induced losses in the leather industry in Pakistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*

Fulltext Wound healing activity of Elaeis guineensis leaf extract ointment

Sasidharan S, Logeswaran S, Latha LY

Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(1):336-47.

PMID: 22312255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010336

Elaeis guineensis of the Arecaceae family is widely used in the traditional medicine of societies in West Africa for treating various ailments. To validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied. The results showed that E. guineensis leaf extract had potent wound healing capacity as evident from the better wound closure (P < 0.05), improved tissue regeneration at the wound site, and supporting histopathological parameters pertaining to wound healing. Matrix metalloproteinases expression correlated well with the results thus confirming efficacy of E. guineensis in the treatment of the wound. E. guineensis accelerated wound healing in rats, thus supporting its traditional use. The result of this study suggested that, used efficiently, oil palm leaf extract is a renewable resource with wound healing properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Co-localization of LTBP-2 with FGF-2 in fibrotic human keloid and hypertrophic scar

Sideek MA, Teia A, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Gibson MA

J Mol Histol, 2016 Feb;47(1):35-45.

PMID: 26644005 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9645-0

We have recently shown that Latent transforming growth factor-beta-1 binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) has a single high-affinity binding site for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and that LTBP-2 blocks FGF-2 induced cell proliferation. Both proteins showed strong co-localisation within keloid skin from a single patient. In the current study, using confocal microscopy, we have investigated the distribution of the two proteins in normal and fibrotic skin samples including normal scar tissue, hypertrophic scars and keloids from multiple patients. Consistently, little staining for either protein was detected in normal adult skin and normal scar samples but extensive co-localisation of the two proteins was observed in multiple examples of hypertrophic scars and keloids. LTBP-2 and FGF-2 were co-localised to fine fibrous elements within the extracellular matrix identified as elastic fibres by immunostaining with anti-fibrillin-1 and anti-elastin antibodies. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of RNA samples from multiple patients confirmed dramatically increased expression of LTBP-2 and FGF-2, similar TGF-beta 1, in hypertrophic scar compared to normal skin and scar tissue. Overall the results suggest that elevated LTBP-2 may bind and sequester FGF-2 on elastic fibres in fibrotic tissues and modulate FGF-2's influence on the repair and healing processes.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Methylation of the filaggrin gene promoter does not affect gene expression and allergy

Tan HT, Ellis JA, Koplin JJ, Martino D, Dang TD, Suaini N, et al.

Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 2014 Oct;25(6):608-10.

PMID: 24912553 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12245

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Atypical Presentation of Pyogenic Granuloma of the Right Index Finger: A Rare Case Report

Tan LS, Daud MH, Nasirudin N

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol, 2018 Dec;23(4):577-580.

PMID: 30428790 DOI: 10.1142/S2424835518720335

Pyogenic granuloma, also known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is a benign vascular lesion of the skin or mucous membrane with rapid growth or repetitive trauma. Rarely seen in adult, its management varies and surgical intervention is usually common. We report a case of pyogenic granuloma of the right index finger in a 46-year-old gentleman who presented with painless swelling of the right index finger after a trivial injury. Wedge biopsy confirmed the diagnosis and excision of the granuloma measuring 3 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm was done with curettage and electrocautery over the base of granuloma. The wound subsequently healed well with good functional and aesthetic outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*

The effect of topical extract of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) on wound healing in nondiabetic rats and in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin

Teoh SL, Latiff AA, Das S

Clin Exp Dermatol, 2009 Oct;34(7):815-22.

PMID: 19508570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03117.x

Momordica charantia (MC; bitter gourd) is a traditional herb commonly used for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, contraceptive and antibacterial properties. It is also used for the rapid healing of wounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Effect of keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite film as a sandwich layer for full-thickness skin mesh graft in experimental dogs

Thilagar S, Jothi NA, Omar AR, Kamaruddin MY, Ganabadi S

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2009 Jan;88(1):12-6.

PMID: 18161832

Skin grafts are indicated when there is a major loss of skin. Full-thickness skin graft is an ideal choice to reconstruct defect of irregular surface that is difficult to immobilize. Full-thickness mesh grafts can be applied to patch large skin defect when there is less donor site in extensively traumatized and burned surgical patients. The concept of using natural biomaterials such as keratin, basic fibroblast growth factor is slowly gaining popularity in the field of medical research to achieve early healing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of gelatin conjoined with keratin processed from the poultry feather and commercially available basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as a sandwich layer in promoting the viability of full-thickness skin mesh grafts. The efficacy was assessed from the observation of clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological findings in three groups of experimental dogs. The clinical observations such as color, appearance and discharge, and hair growth were selected as criteria which indicated good and early acceptance of graft in keratin-gelatin (group II). On bacteriological examination, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus was identified in few animals. Histopathological study of the patched graft revealed early presences of hair follicles; sebaceous gland, and normal thickness of the epidermis in keratin-gelatin in group II treated animals compared with other group (group I-control, group III-bFGF-gelatin).

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans: case reports

Ting HC

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):82-4.

PMID: 6513846

The presence of dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans in three local patients is documented and the condition briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Toxic epidermal necrolysis in Malaysian adults. A retrospective study

Ting HC, Adam BA

Singapore Med J, 1985 Oct;26(6):456-9.

PMID: 2937150

We report a retrospective study of all cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis admitted to the adult medical wards of the University Hospital in Kuala Lumpur over a 16 year period from 1967 to 1983. Over this period of time only 7 cases were encountered, suggesting the condition is rare in adults in our country. All the cases were females and the age ranged from 21 to 41 years. Four cases were due to drugs, 2 were idiopathic and one was attributed to Staphylococcal infection. One patient died. The other patients recovered completely with no sequelae.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Spectrum of cutaneous granulomatous lesions: A 5-year experience in a tertiary care centre in Sarawak

Ting IPL, Tan HZ, Teo HG, Kiing JW, Muniandy P

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):184-189.

PMID: 36988528

INTRODUCTION: Granulomatous skin lesions can have various histopathological features leading to diagnostic confusion. The study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of different granulomatous skin lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 5-year retrospective study done between April 2017 and March 2022 at Dermatology Department, Sarawak General Hospital. Subjects with a clinicopathological diagnosis of granulomatous diseases were included in the analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 1718 skin biopsies were done during the study periods, with 49 (2.8%) confirmed granulomatous skin lesions. Most patients were aged 40-60 with a male predominance of 51%. Most of the skin biopsy samples were taken from the upper limb (36%). In this study, epitheloid granuloma was the commonest subtype (21, 43%) followed by suppurative granuloma (12, 24%), tuberculoid granuloma (8, 16%) and foreign body granuloma (5, 10%). The commonest aetiology of granulomatous skin lesions in our study was infections (30, 61%) followed by foreign body inoculation (8, 16%). Fungal infection was the most common infective cause, followed by cutaneous tuberculosis.

CONCLUSION: The major cause of granulomatous dermatoses in developing countries is still infections, fungal and tuberculosis being the leading causes.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Challenges in diagnosis and management of pseudoptosis secondary to asymmetrical skin creases

Ting SL, Koay AC, Yew YH, Chua CN

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):121-3.

PMID: 22106691 MyJurnal

Asymmetrical eyelid skin crease may be mistaken for ptosis due to apparent narrowing of the palpebral fissure in the eye without the skin crease. This study describes a series of patients who were mistakenly referred for ptosis operation as a result of absent skin crease.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Loss-of-Function Myeloperoxidase Mutations Are Associated with Increased Neutrophil Counts and Pustular Skin Disease

Vergnano M, Mockenhaupt M, Benzian-Olsson N, Paulmann M, Grys K, Mahil SK, et al.

Am J Hum Genet, 2020 09 03;107(3):539-543.

PMID: 32758448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.020

The identification of disease alleles underlying human autoinflammatory diseases can provide important insights into the mechanisms that maintain neutrophil homeostasis. Here, we focused our attention on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a potentially life-threatening disorder presenting with cutaneous and systemic neutrophilia. Following the whole-exome sequencing of 19 unrelated affected individuals, we identified a subject harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.2031-2A>C) in MPO. This encodes myeloperoxidase, an essential component of neutrophil azurophil granules. MPO screening in conditions phenotypically related to GPP uncovered further disease alleles in one subject with acral pustular psoriasis (c.2031-2A>C;c.2031-2A>C) and in two individuals with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (c.1705C>T;c.2031-2A>C and c.1552_1565del;c.1552_1565del). A subsequent analysis of UK Biobank data demonstrated that the c.2031-2A>C and c.1705C>T (p.Arg569Trp) disease alleles were also associated with increased neutrophil abundance in the general population (p = 5.1 × 10-6 and p = 3.6 × 10-5, respectively). The same applied to three further deleterious variants that had been genotyped in the cohort, with two alleles (c.995C>T [p.Ala332Val] and c.752T>C [p.Met251Thr]) yielding p values < 10-10. Finally, treatment of healthy neutrophils with an MPO inhibitor (4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide) increased cell viability and delayed apoptosis, highlighting a mechanism whereby MPO mutations affect granulocyte numbers. These findings identify MPO as a genetic determinant of pustular skin disease and neutrophil abundance. Given the recent interest in the development of MPO antagonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, our results also suggest that the pro-inflammatory effects of these agents should be closely monitored.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Simultaneous dual syringe electrospinning system using benign solvent to fabricate nanofibrous P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct as potential leave-on wound dressing

Vigneswari S, Murugaiyah V, Kaur G, Abdul Khalil HPS, Amirul AA

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016 Sep 01;66:147-155.

PMID: 27207048 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.102

The main focus of this study is the incorporation of collagen peptides to fabricate P(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] nano-fiber construct to further enhance surface wettability and support cell growth while harbouring desired properties for biodegradable wound dressing. Simultaneous electrospinning of nanofiber P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct was carried out using dual syringe system. The wettability of the constructs increased with the increase in 4HB molar fraction from 20mol% 4HB [53.2°], P(3HB-co-35mol%4HB)[48.9°], P(3HB-co-50mol%4HB)[44.5°] and P(3HB-co-82mol%4HB) [37.7°]. In vitro study carried out using mouse fibroblast cells (L929) grown on nanofiber P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct showed an increase in cell proliferation. In vivo study using animal model (Sprague Dawley rats) showed that nanofibrous P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct had a significant effect on wound contractions with the highest percentage of wound closure of 79%. Hence, P(3HB-co-4HB)/collagen peptides construct suitable for wound dressing have been developed using nano-fabrication technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Oral and cutaneous lichenoid reaction with nail changes secondary to imatinib: report of a case and literature review

Wahiduzzaman M, Pubalan M

Dermatol. Online J., 2008;14(12):14.

PMID: 19265627

Imatinib mesylate--Gleevec (US), Glivec (worldwide), STI571--is an oral cancer drug that selectively inhibits several protein tyrosine kinases associated with human malignancy. The drug is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and some other conditions. Treatment with imatinib is generally well tolerated but not without the risk of adverse effects. The risk of severe adverse events is low. Cutaneous side effects of this drug are common but muco-cutaneous lichenoid eruption with nail changes is very rare. We report a case of lichenoid eruption during imatinib therapy involving the skin, mucous membranes, and nails that cleared in spite of ongoing imatinib therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*

Quantitative study of mast cells in Kimura's disease

Wong KT, Shamsol S

J Cutan Pathol, 1999 Jan;26(1):13-6.

PMID: 10189239

The association of mast cells with typical lesions of Kimura's disease was investigated by quantitative methods after immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII-related antigen and counterstaining with toluidine blue. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, tissue sections from 9 confirmed cases of Kimura's disease were examined after staining to estimate mast cell and blood vessel densities by counting 100 random fields under oil immersion. There was a statistically significant increase of both mast cells and blood vessels in Kimura's disease (p<0.01) compared with normal skin and reactive lymph node controls. However, as far as the individual Kimura's disease lesion is concerned, there was generally no correlation between areas with mast cell increase and the degree of vascularity. Moreover, when lesions of less than 1 year's duration were compared with older lesions, there appeared to be a relative decrease in mast cells and a concomitant increase in vascularity in the latter. These results confirmed that mast cells are associated with Kimura's disease, and suggest that they may be involved in its early pathogenesis, although its possible role in angiogenesis may not be direct.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with a past history of lepromatous leprosy: a case report

Wong SM, Tang JJ

Med Mycol, 2012 May;50(4):404-6.

PMID: 22074310 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.630684

Disseminated sporotrichosis is uncommon and usually occurs in patients who are immunodeficient. Here we describe a male patient who was otherwise in good physical condition, who presented with disseminated sporotrichosis. The only significant event in his past medical history was lepromatous leprosy which had been treated 42 years earlier.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

"Fleshy" Skin Cellulitis: A Triggering Factor for ANCA Associated Vasculitis

Yang SC, Mustafar R, Kamaruzaman L, Wei Yen K, Mohd R, Cader R

Acta Med Indones, 2019 Oct;51(4):338-343.

PMID: 32041918

A 59-year-old lady with underlying hypothyroidism presented with acute contact dermatitis progressed to cellulitis with superimposed bacterial infection and acute kidney injury. She responded to initial management with antibiotics, but a week later, she had cutaneous and systemic vasculitis. Her skin biopsy consistent with immune-mediated leuko-cytoclastic vasculitis and her blood test was positive for cytoplasmic-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA). A diagnosis of ANCA-associated vasculitis was made and she was treated with immunosuppressant with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis support for her kidney failure. Despite aggressive measures, the patient succumbed to her illness. This case report demonstrates that soft tissue infection could trigger the development of ANCA-associated vasculitis whilst a background of hypothyroidism serves as a predisposing factor as both condition were reported separately in a couple of case studies before.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*

Fulltext Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent individual

Yap FB

Int J Infect Dis, 2011 Oct;15(10):e727-9.

PMID: 21719337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.05.005

Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by the ubiquitous fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis is an uncommon entity and is usually present in the immunosuppressed. Here, a case of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient is reported. This 70-year-old healthy woman presented with multiple painful ulcerated nodules on her face and upper and lower extremities of 6-month duration, associated with low-grade fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy revealed epidermal hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation in the dermis, with budding yeast. Fungal culture identified S. schenckii. She had total resolution of the lesions after 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B and 8 months of oral itraconazole. All investigations for underlying immunosuppression and internal organ involvement were negative. This case reiterates that disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis, although common in the immunosuppressed, can also be seen in immunocompetent patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Chromoblastomycosis

Yap FB

Int J Infect Dis, 2010 Jun;14(6):e543-4.

PMID: 19889559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.07.005

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Dermatopathology of 400 skin biopsies from Sarawak

Yap FBB

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2009 Sep-Oct;75(5):518-9.

PMID: 19736441 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.55407

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*