MyMedR

The Noctuid Calpe [Calyptral] eustrigata Hmps. was reported as a skin-piercing blood-sucking moth for the first time in Malaya (Bänziger, 1968) and is so far the only lepidopteran proved to suck blood by means of a piercing act. A few field observations and the description of the piercing behaviour of caged moths were given. Apart from a taxonomic study of the genus Calpe (Berio, 1956), a single record (Büttiker, 1969) and some notes on the moth's proboscis and possible evolutionary pathway (Bänziger, 1970, 1971, 1972) to our knowledge no other data have been published on the moth after its description as a new species (Hampson, 1926). The life cycle is completely unknown. From the scanty museum specimens available, it appears that the species inhabits South and Southeast Asia. A closely related, though less rare species, the fruit-piercing C. thalictri Bkh., has been used for a detailed study of the piercing mechanism likely to be adopted by Calpe (Bänziger, 1970); the feeding turned out to be as unusual as the feeding habits. Little or nothing is known about other Calpe species. C. eustrigata is not the only adult lepidopterous parasite of mammals. Lachryphagous ("eye-frequenting") moths feed as "marginal" parasites upon eye-secretions of ungulates, elephants and occasionally man (Shannon, 1928; Reid, 1954; Büttiker, 1964, 1967; Bänziger, 1966). Arcyophora species and the eulachryphagous Noctuid Lobocraspis graseifusa Hmps. which apparently feeds exclusively upon eye discharges, are suspected as vectors of eye diseases (Guilbride et al., 1959, Büttiker, 1964; Bänziger, 1972). While no lachryphagous moth is able to suck blood by a piercing act, there are a number of facultative lachryphagous moths which lick up the blood freely present at wounds, or that excreted anally by mosquitoes (Bänziger, 1969, 1972). Because of the scientific interest in C. eustrigata, research has been carried out to investigate different biological aspects of the species in Malaysia, Thailand. Laos and Indonesia (May 1971-May 1973). The first account presented here will be continued with a paper (in prep.) on the piercing mechanism and soon, it is hoped, with more information on the physiology, life cycle and medical importance of the moth.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Soil-transmitted Helminths in rural infants and children near Kuala Lumpur

Joe LK, Hoa KE, Kong OC

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1971 Jun;2(2):196-200.

PMID: 5136709

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Fulltext Diabetes in Central America

West KM, Kalbfleisch JM

Diabetes, 1970 Sep;19(9):656-63.

PMID: 5469119 DOI: 10.2337/diab.19.9.656

The prevalence of diabetes in Central America was somewhat greater than in East Pakistan and Malaya, less
than in Uruguay and Venezuela, and substantially less than in affluent societies such as the United States. Differences in prevalence among Central American countries were modest but probably significant in some instances. In all Central American countries diabetes was more common in females but this difference was probably attributable to the greater adiposity of the women. Age-matched populations from eleven different countries of three continents have now been tested using standardized methods. Prevalence of diabetes varied greatly, and differences were more related to environment than to race. These results support the hypothesis that environmental factors can increase or reduce prevalence by several-fold.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Alpha-thalassaemia in newborns in West Malaysia

Lopez CG, Lie-Injo Luan Eng

Hum Hered, 1971;21(2):185-91.

PMID: 5127409

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine: a report on 137 cases

Dharmalingam SK, Taek YS, Mahadev V

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):3-7.

PMID: 4249493

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Five-year review of nephrotic syndrome in Singapore children

Chuan PL, Leng SC, Sinniah R

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1975 Oct;17(2):113-23.

PMID: 1207079

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Fulltext Persistent ductus arteriosus in Malaysian patients

Krishnan M, Snelling MR

Br Heart J, 1971 Sep;33(5):699-701.

PMID: 5115012 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.33.5.699

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Ocular leprosy in West Malaysia. Search for a posterior segment lesion

Weerekoon L

Br J Ophthalmol, 1972 Feb;56(2):106-13.

PMID: 5010311

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Fulltext New diabetics in Singapore

Lim P, Khoo OT

Singapore Med J, 1971 Dec;12(6):319-22.

PMID: 5141589

A clinical study was undertaken of new diabetics seen at a general medical unit in Singapore. Over a period of 12 months, there were seventy-five cases of which 38 (50.7%) were Chinese, 15 (20%) Malays and 22 (29.3%) Indians. Male patients were twice as common as female patients. The majority of patients (61.3%) were in the 5th and 6th decade and only 23 (30.7%) were obese. Oral sulphonylurea and dieting provided effective control in 80.6% of the patients, and only 9% of patients required insulin. Ketosis was present in only 6 cases and was easily controlled with appropriate treatment. Other clinical features are presented and discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

To breast feed or not?

Nutr Rev, 1972 May;30(5):112-4.

PMID: 4554312

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Food taboos among the Orang Asli in West Malaysia: a potential nutritional hazard

Bolton JM

Am J Clin Nutr, 1972 Aug;25(8):789-99.

PMID: 5046724

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

A study of immunoglobulin levels among Singapore infants and children

Paul FM, Leng T, Wee R

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1972 Apr;14(1):1-16.

PMID: 4626321

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Cleft lips in Malaysians

Sivaloganathan V

Plast Reconstr Surg, 1972 Feb;49(2):176-9.

PMID: 5059332

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Frequency of oral precancerous conditions in 407 Malaysians--with correlation to oral habits

Ramanathan K, Canaganayagam A, Keat TC, Retnanesan A

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):173-81.

PMID: 4268919

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia

Chher T, Hak S, Kallarakkal TG, Durward C, Ramanathan A, Ghani WMN, et al.

Ethn Health, 2018 Jan;23(1):1-15.

PMID: 27781495 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246431

OBJECTIVES: To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).

DESIGN: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field. Sociodemographic and risk habits data were collected via face-to-face interview, whilst presence of OML and clinical details of lesions such as type and site were collected following clinical oral examination by the examiners. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0. The association between risk habits and risk of OPMD was explored using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 1634 subjects were recruited. Prevalence of OML for this population was 54.1%. Linea alba was the most common lesion seen (28.7%). This study showed an overall OPMD prevalence of 5.6%. The most common type of OPMD was leukoplakia (64.8%), followed by lichen planus (30.8%). Subjects who only smoked were found to have an increased risk for OPMD of almost four-fold (RR 3.74, 95%CI 1.89-7.41). The highest risk was found for betel quid chewers, where the increased risk observed was more than six times (RR 6.75, 95%CI 3.32-13.72). Alcohol consumption on its own did not seem to confer an increased risk for OPMD, however when practiced concurrently with smoking, a significant risk of more than five times was noted (RR 5.69 95%CI 3.14-10.29).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of OML was 54.1%, with linea alba being the most commonly occurring lesion. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were found to be associated with the prevalence of OPMD, which was 5.6%.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Fulltext Gender Differences in HIV Risk Behaviors Among Persons Involved in the U.S. Criminal Justice System and Living with HIV or at Risk for HIV: A "Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain" Harmonization Consortium

Loeliger KB, Biggs ML, Young R, Seal DW, Beckwith CG, Kuo I, et al.

AIDS Behav, 2017 Oct;21(10):2945-2957.

PMID: 28188460 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1722-9

The U.S. female criminal justice (CJ) population is rapidly growing, yet large-scale studies exploring gender-specific HIV risk behaviors in the CJ population are lacking. This analysis uses baseline data on adults with a CJ history from eight U.S. studies in an NIH-funded "Seek, Test, Treat, Retain" harmonization consortium. Data were collected using a standardized HIV risk behavior assessment tool and pooled across studies to describe participants' characteristics and risk behaviors. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to test for gender-based behavior differences. Among 784 HIV-positive (21.4% female) and 5521 HIV-negative (8.5% female) participants, HIV-positive women had higher odds than HIV-positive men of engaging in condomless sexual intercourse (AOR 1.84 [1.16-2.95]) with potentially sero-discordant partners (AOR 2.40 [1.41-4.09]) and of sharing injection equipment (AOR 3.36 [1.31-8.63]). HIV risk reduction interventions targeting CJ-involved women with HIV are urgently needed as this population may represent an under-recognized potential source of HIV transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Evaluation of factors influencing the development of late Marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: virus pathotype and host sex

Faiz NM, Cortes AL, Guy JS, Fletcher OJ, Cimino T, Gimeno IM

Avian Pathol, 2017 Aug;46(4):376-385.

PMID: 28151004 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1290214

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphoma and immunosuppression in chickens. MDV-induced immunosuppression (MDV-IS) is complex and can be divided into two phases: early-MDV-IS associated with cytolytic infection in the lymphoid organs in chickens lacking maternal antibodies against MDV (MAbs) and late-MDV-IS that appears later in the pathogenesis and occurs even in chickens bearing MAbs. We have recently developed a model to reproduce late-MDV-IS under laboratory conditions. This model evaluates late-MDV-IS indirectly by assessing the effect of MDV infection on the efficacy of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines against challenge with ILT virus. In the present study, we have used this model to investigate the role of two factors (MDV pathotype and host sex) on the development of late-MDV-IS. Five MDV strains representing three different pathotypes: virulent (vMDV; 617A, GA), very virulent (vvMDV; Md5), and very virulent plus (vv+MDV; 648A, 686), were evaluated. Only vv+ strains were able to induce late-MDV-IS. An immunosuppression rank (IS-rank) was established based on the ability of MDV to reduce the efficacy of chicken embryo origin vaccine (values go from 0 to 100, with 100 being the highest immunosuppressive ability). The IS-rank of the evaluated MDV strains ranged from 5.97 (GA) to 20.8 (617A) in the vMDV strains, 5.97 to 16.24 in the vvMDV strain Md5, and 39.08 to 68.2 in the vv+ strains 648A and 686. In this study both male and female chickens were equally susceptible to MDV-IS by vv+MDV 686. Our findings suggest that late-MDV-IS is a unique feature of vv+ strains.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Displaying publications 1001 - 1020 of 1434 in total