SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04192-x.
METHODS: Newly diagnosed HIV cases (n = 493) registered under the Malaysia HIV/AIDS-related national databases from June 2018 to December 2019 were studied. The deterministic matching method was applied to link the records in two national databases (at Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territories Health Department, JKWPKLP HIV line-listing database and National AIDS Registry). Successful HIV treatment, an outcome variable, was measured by the undetectable viral load < 200 copies/mL after 1 year of antiretroviral therapy initiation. Logistic regression analysis was applied in the current study.
RESULTS: Results showed that 454/493 (92.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8%, 94.6%) PLHIV had successful HIV treatment. Study participants had a mean (SD) age of 30 (8.10) years old, predominantly male (96.1%) and sexually transmission (99.9%). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant determinants including the timing of ART initiation (AOR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.32, 11.70; P = 0.014) and establishment of Sexually Transmitted Infection Friendly Clinic (STIFC) (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.85; P = 0.004). Non-significant variables included gender, education level, HIV risk exposure, and co-infections of tuberculosis and Hepatitis C.
CONCLUSION: JKWPKLP is on the right track to achieving universal treatment as a prevention strategy. Reinforcement of early ART initiation and establishment of STIFC are recommended.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-COVID-19 clinic attendees, consisting of post-COVID-19 patients discharged from major hospitals in the state of Selangor during the third pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia, were enrolled in this retrospective study for 6 months. Physician-scored Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), patient self-reported quality of life (EQ-VAS) score and follow-up CT scan were evaluated.
RESULTS: Our cohort comprised 131 patients, with a median age of 52 (IQR 39-60) years and median BMI of 29.40 (IQR 25.59-34.72). Majority (72.5%) had co-morbidities, and 97.7% had severe disease requiring supplementary oxygen support during the acute COVID-19 episode. 56.5% required intensive care; among which one-third were invasively ventilated. Median equivalent dose of methylprednisolone prescribed was 2.60 (IQR 1.29-5.18) mg/kg during admission, while the median prednisolone dose upon discharge was 0.64 (IQR 0.51-0.78) mg/kg. It was tapered over a median of 8.0 (IQR 5.8-9.0) weeks. Upon follow-up at 11 (IQR 8-15) weeks, one-third of patients remained symptomatic, with cough, fatigue and dyspnoea being the most reported symptoms. mMRC and EQ-VAS scores improved significantly (p<0.001) during follow-up. Repeat CT scans were done in 59.5% of patients, with 94.8% of them demonstrating improvement. In fact, 51.7% had complete radiological resolution. Intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation are among the factors which were associated with poorer radiological outcomes, p<0.05.
CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of patients with SARSCoV- 2-related OP remained symptomatic at 3 months of follow-up. Majority demonstrated favourable radiological outcomes at 5-month reassessment, except those who required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional cadaveric study involving 164 randomly selected fresh multiracial Asian hemipelves (82 cadavers). Hemipelves were dissected to expose and evaluate the vascular elements posterior to superior pubic rami. Data were analysed using Chi-Square, t-test and with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics v26 software.
RESULTS: CMOR was found in 117 hemipelves (71.3%). No new morphological subtype was found. The mean distance of CMOR to symphysis pubis was 54.72mm (SD 9.35). Based on the results, it is evident that precaution needed to be taken at least within 55mm from symphysis pubis during any surgical intervention. The lack of statistically significant correlation between CMOR occurrence and gender, race and age suggest that the incidence of CMOR could be sporadic in manner.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that CMOR is not just aberrant vessel as the incidence is high and this finding is comparable to other studies. The mean location of CMOR obtained in this study will guide surgeons from various disciplines in Asia to manage traumatic vascular injury and to perform a safe surgical procedure involving the pelvis area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants from the governmental departments were recruited and divided into intervention group and control group. A translated and validated questionnaire on awareness and knowledge related to glaucoma were used. Educational interventions were given for both groups. Post-test assessments were completed at one month and three months post intervention.
RESULTS: A total of 202 participants enrolled for the study (102 intervention group and 100 control group). 64.9% of the participants were aware of glaucoma and 49% of the participants had good knowledge score on glaucoma. Higher educational attainments (bachelor and diploma holders) were the only factors significantly associated with good glaucoma knowledge (p <0.001). There was significant increase in the proportion of good glaucoma knowledge in the intervention group one month after the educational intervention (p < 0.001) and the effect persisted after three months (p < 0.003). There was also significantly higher proportion of good post-test glaucoma knowledge between intervention and control group (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSION: Although the public was well aware of glaucoma, there was relatively little understanding of the condition. Educational interventions can be effective to bridge the gap in promoting the glaucoma awareness and better understanding of glaucoma.
DESIGN: A retrospective single-centre study.
METHODS: Data on rapid response team activations from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 were retrieved from electronic medical records at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. All patients who met the eligibility criteria were included. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to analyse the data.
RESULTS: Out of 636 patients included, 18.4% (117) experienced a delay, with a median (interquartile range) of 8.5 (12) days from admission to rapid response team activation. Six significant prognostic factors were found to be associated with the higher hazard ratio of rapid response team delay, including call time (05:01 PM and 7:59 AM), emergency admission, a higher Modified Early Warning Score, an admission diagnosis of infection, a comorbidity of respiratory failure/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the absence of lung infection.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of rapid response team delays was lower, and the days from admission to rapid response team delay was longer than in previous studies. Healthcare providers are suggested to prioritise the care of high-risk patient groups and provide proactive monitoring to ensure timely identification and management.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: Implementing artificial intelligence in continuous monitoring systems for high-risk patients is recommended. The findings help nurses anticipate potential delays in rapid response team activation, enabling better preparedness.
IMPACT: The study highlights the prevalence of rapid response team delays, timing from admission to rapid response team activation and six prognostic factors influencing delays. It could shape patient care and inform future research. Hospital administrators should review staffing, especially during night shifts, to minimise delays. Further qualitative research is needed to explore why nurses may delay rapid response team activation.
REPORTING METHOD: The STROBE checklist was adhered to when reporting this study. 'No patient or public contribution'.
METHODS: This study examines DL-based AMD under realistic evaluation constraints through an architecture-centric systematic review and reliability-aware empirical validation. A PRISMA-guided review of studies published between 2021 and 2026 was conducted to analyze architecture families, artifact representations, dataset transparency, validation realism, robustness and evasion evidence, explainability, reproducibility, and deployment readiness. Controlled empirical validation was also conducted on CICMalDroid 2020 using representative CNN, GRU, Transformer, and Hybrid CNN-LSTM models.
RESULTS: The review shows that DL-based AMD is architecturally diverse, but its supporting evidence remains incomplete. Most studies report datasets, feature sources, model architectures, and conventional metrics, whereas robustness testing, artifact-grounded explainability, reproducibility assets, and deployment evidence remain inconsistent. The empirical validation shows that although all models achieve strong clean cross-validation performance, class-wise analysis, malware false-negative behavior, repeated-run stability, and multi-level test-time feature masking reveal architecture-dependent reliability differences that are not captured by aggregate accuracy.
DISCUSSION: The study contributes an architecture-artifact-validation triad and a claim-aligned reliability audit to align AMD claims with the maturity of supporting evidence. Overall, the findings support a transition from accuracy-centric benchmarking to reliability-centric evaluation, where models are assessed using credible datasets, realistic validation, robustness, interpretability, reproducibility, and operational feasibility.