Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 394 in total

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  1. Thong KL, Bakeri SA, Lai KS, Koh YT, Taib MZ, Lim VK, et al.
    PMID: 15272750
    Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis were undertaken on twenty-three strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Tshiongwe, an unusual serovar, which recently emerged in Malaysia. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis showed that all the strains were sensitive to ampicilin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and kanamycin. Twenty (87%) and 8 (3.5%) strains had resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin respectively. PFGE analysis subtyped 23 strains into 10 profiles (Dice coefficient of similarity, F = 0.7-1.0). The predominant profile, X1 was found in both clinical and environmental isolates and was widely distributed in different parts of Malaysia during the study period. In addition, isolates recovered from food, a hand-towel, apron and the surface of a table-top in one particular location had unique, indistinguishable profiles (X4/4a) and identical antibiograms. Similarly, isolates from cooked meat and a chopping board had PFGE profiles similar to some human isolates. These probably indicated cross-contamination and poor hygiene in food practices, hence contributing to Salmonellosis. Factors causing the emergence of this rare Salmonella serovar being responsible for food poisoning episodes during the study period remained unclear. The study reiterated the usefulness and versatility of PFGE in the molecular subtyping of this rare Salmonella serovar in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/diagnosis*; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology; Salmonella enterica/classification*
  2. Lau KL, Ong EB, Zainudin ZF, Samian MR, Ismail A, Najimudin N
    J Gen Appl Microbiol, 2013;59(3):239-44.
    PMID: 23863294
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/genetics; Salmonella typhi/growth & development; Salmonella typhi/metabolism; Salmonella typhi/physiology*
  3. Nyanti LE, Kho SS, Tie ST
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 02;74(1):79-81.
    PMID: 30846667
    Primary lung malignancy presenting as empyema is rare, with a reported incidence of 0.3%. We report a case of a 60- year-old man presenting with unilateral pleural effusion; diagnostic thoracocentesis confirmed Salmonella empyema. Post-drainage, chest radiograph showed persisting right hemithorax opacity; subsequent computed tomography revealed a right lung mass with right upper lobe bronchus obliteration. Percutaneous biopsy confirmed advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma. We discuss the mechanism of post-obstructive pneumonia in lung cancerassociated empyema and the utility of bedside ultrasound in diagnosis of lung masses. Clinicians are alerted to the possibility of lung malignancy in elderly patients presenting with empyema.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections/diagnosis; Salmonella Infections/microbiology; Salmonella Infections/pathology
  4. Soleimani AF, Zulkifli I, Hair-Bejo M, Ebrahimi M, Jazayeri SD, Hashemi SR, et al.
    Avian Pathol, 2012;41(4):351-4.
    PMID: 22834548 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.691155
    Stressors may influence chicken susceptibility to pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. Feed withdrawal stress can cause changes in normal intestinal epithelial structure and may lead to increased attachment and colonization of Salmonella. This study aimed to investigate modulatory effects of epigenetic modification by feed restriction on S. enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization in broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal stress. Chicks were divided into four groups: ad libitum feeding; ad libitum feeding with 24-h feed withdrawal on day 42; 60% feed restriction on days 4, 5, and 6; and 60% feed restriction on days 4, 5, and 6 with 24-h feed withdrawal on day 42. Attachment of S. Enteritidis to ileal tissue was determined using an ex vivo ileal loop assay, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression was evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. Feed withdrawal stress increased S. Enteritidis attachment to ileal tissue. However, following feed withdrawal the epigenetically modified chickens had significantly lower attachment of S. Enteritidis than their control counterparts. A similar trend with a very positive correlation was observed for Hsp70 expression. It appears that epigenetic modification can enhance resistance to S. Enteritidis colonization later in life in chickens under stress conditions. The underlying mechanism could be associated with the lower Hsp70 expression in the epigenetically modified chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella enteritidis/physiology*; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control*
  5. Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Sharif Z, Ahmad N, Ali RM, Husin SA, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2020 Oct 17;16(1):393.
    PMID: 33069231 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02605-y
    BACKGROUND: Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types.

    RESULTS: The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci.

    CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.

    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella enteritidis/classification; Salmonella enteritidis/drug effects; Salmonella enteritidis/genetics; Salmonella enteritidis/isolation & purification*
  6. Thong KL, Ngoi ST, Chai LC, Teh CS
    Microb Drug Resist, 2016 Jun;22(4):259-72.
    PMID: 26683630 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0158
    The prevalence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica is on the rise worldwide. Salmonella enterica is one of the major foodborne pathogens in Malaysia. Therefore, we aim to investigate the occurrence and mechanisms of quinolone resistance among Salmonella strains isolated in Malaysia. A total of 283 Salmonella strains isolated from food, humans, and animals were studied. The disk diffusion method was used to examine the quinolone susceptibility of the strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were also determined. DNA sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes and the plasmid-borne qnr genes was performed. The transfer of the qnr gene was examined through transconjugation experiment. A total of 101 nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella strains were identified. In general, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (average MICNAL, 170 μg/ml). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in 30.7% of the strains (1 ≤ MICCIP ≤ 2 μg/ml). Majority of the strains contained missense mutations in the QRDR of gyrA (69.3%). Silent mutations were frequently detected in gyrB (75.2%), parC (27.7%), and parE (51.5%) within and beyond the QRDRs. Novel mutations were detected in parC and parE. The plasmid-borne qnrS1 variant was found in 36.6% of the strains, and two strains were found to be able to transfer the qnrS1 gene. Overall, mutations in gyrA and the presence of qnrS1 genes might have contributed to the high level of quinolone resistance among the strains. Our study provided a better understanding on the status of quinolone resistance among Salmonella strains circulating in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/drug therapy; Salmonella Infections/microbiology; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology; Salmonella enterica/drug effects*; Salmonella enterica/genetics; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification; Salmonella enterica/metabolism
  7. Johari MI, Besari AM, Wan Ghazali WS, Yusof Z
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 May 09;12(5).
    PMID: 31076489 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226337
    A 47-year-old Malay man who presented with fever, poor oral intake and loss of weight for 1 month duration. Further work-up revealed evidence of disseminated Salmonella infection that was further complicated with pericardial and pleural empyema. Cultures from pericardial and pleural fluids grew Salmonella species with negative serial blood cultures. Contrast enhanced CT thorax showed pleural effusion with large pericardial effusion. The patient was treated with antibiotics and drainage of pericardial and pleural empyema was done and he was discharged well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/pathogenicity*; Salmonella Infections/diagnosis*; Salmonella Infections/drug therapy; Salmonella Infections/physiopathology
  8. Abatcha MG, Effarizah ME, Rusul G
    Int J Food Microbiol, 2019 Feb 02;290:180-183.
    PMID: 30342248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.021
    Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B (S. Paratyphi B) is a major foodborne pathogen distributed all over the world. However, little is known about the antibiotic resistance, genetic relatedness and virulence profile of S. Paratyphi B isolated from leafy vegetables and the processing environment in Malaysia. In this study, 6 S. Paratyphi B isolates were recovered from different vegetables and drain water of processing areas obtained from fresh food markets in Malaysia. The isolates were characterized by antibiogram, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and virulence genes. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that 3 of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics. These include S. Paratyphi B SP251 isolate, which was resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, sulfonamides and streptomycin; Isolate SP246 which was resistant to chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and streptomycin and Isolate SP235 showing resistance to nalidixic acid only. PFGE subtyped the 6 S. Paratyphi B isolates into 6 distinct XbaI-pulsotypes, with a wide range of genetic similarity (0.55 to 0.9). The isolates from different sources and fresh food markets location were genetically diverse. Thirteen (tolC, orgA, spaN, prgH, sipB, invA, pefA, sofB, msgA, cdtB, pagC, spiA and spvB) out of the 17 virulence genes tested were found in all of the S. Paratyphi B isolates. Another gene (lpfC), was found only in one isolate (SP051). None of the isolates possessed sifA, sitC and ironN genes. In summary, this study provides unique information on antibiotic resistance, genetic relatedness, and virulotyping of S. Paratyphi B isolated from leafy vegetables and processing environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella paratyphi B/drug effects*; Salmonella paratyphi B/genetics*; Salmonella paratyphi B/virology; Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification
  9. Banerjee S, Ooi MC, Shariff M, Khatoon H
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:130136.
    PMID: 22619583 DOI: 10.1100/2012/130136
    Salmonella and Vibrio species were isolated and identified from Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in shrimp farms. Shrimp samples showed occurrence of 3.3% of Salmonella and 48.3% of Vibrio. The isolates were also screened for antibiotic resistance to oxolinic acid, sulphonamides, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin. Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis isolated from shrimp showed individual and multiple antibiotic resistance patterns. Five Vibrio species having individual and multiple antibiotic resistance were also identified. They were Vibrio cholerae (18.3%), V. mimicus (16.7%), V. parahaemolyticus (10%), V. vulnificus (6.7%), and V. alginolyticus (1.7%). Farm owners should be concerned about the presence of these pathogenic bacteria which also contributes to human health risk and should adopt best management practices for responsible aquaculture to ensure the quality of shrimp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/drug effects*
  10. Dhanoa A, Fatt QK
    PMID: 19445730 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-8-15
    Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen associated with bacteraemia especially in immunosuppressed patients. However, there is limited data specifically describing the clinical characteristics and outcome amongst the immunosuppressed patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/classification*; Salmonella/isolation & purification*; Salmonella Infections/microbiology*; Salmonella Infections/mortality; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology*; Salmonella Infections/pathology
  11. Balaram P, Kien PK, Ismail A
    Int J Med Microbiol, 2009 Mar;299(3):177-85.
    PMID: 18845475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.08.004
    Bacterial persistence is of major concern worldwide in the control of a number of bacterial infections. The carriers who are asymptomatic act as reservoirs of the bacteria. Knowledge of the host response, of the persistence process, and of the potential of biological mediators as diagnostic markers is essential towards development of prophylactic and treatment modalities for these diseases. Immune mechanisms related to recognition and elimination of the bacteria play pivotal roles in the control of bacterial infections. The majority of the studies on bacterial infections detail the immune mechanisms in the active phase of infection, and reports on the immune status in carriers are scanty. The present review describes the role of recognition molecules (TLRs) and the immune mediators (cytokines) in bacterial persistence. It appears that the TLR-mediated induction of cytokine profiles differs in active infection and bacterial persistence, with an active Th1 response being beneficial for the clearance of a high load of bacteria and at the same time conducive for the persistence of low bacterial load. Immunomodulation aiming at stimulation of the immune responses should be carried out with care as it could give rise to a carrier state in individuals with low load of the bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/immunology*
  12. Yuen HL, Shamala D, Thong KL
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2008 Aug 30;2(4):313-23.
    PMID: 19741295
    BACKGROUND: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever. The objective of this study was to apply a phage display library to identify mimotopes of two HSPs, HSP90 and DnaK in S. Typhi.

    METHODOLOGY: A 12-mer random peptide library expressed on the surface of the filamentous phage, M13, was used to select the mimotopes of two S. Typhi heat shock proteins by biopanning with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), DnaK and HSP90. The immunogenicity of the selected peptides was determined through binding affinity with polyclonal antibodies from pooled typhoid-confirmed patients' sera and purified HSPs mAb using Western blotting and ELISA.

    RESULTS: Five rounds of biopanning resulted in enrichment of phage clones expressing the binding motifs TDxSTRP and FPSHYWLYPPPT, respectively. The selected peptides showed strong immunoreactivity with patients' sera. Thus, monoclonal antibodies against HSP and patient sera can select common mimotopes from the random peptide library.

    CONCLUSION: These findings may provide fundamental information for further studies on diagnostic application or vaccine design against this aetiologic agent of typhoid fever.

    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/immunology*
  13. Adeeb SJSM, Yusha AW, Samad SA
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):178-80.
    PMID: 10968079
    This is a case report of a pseudoaneurysm due to Salmonella aortitis in a 52 year old man. The condition is rare and represents one of the few cases reported in Malaysia. The diagnosis was made preoperatively by ultrasonography and computed tomography. This was confirmed at surgery where there was a 3 cm defect at the posterior wall of the aorta at L2/3 level. The aneurysmal sac extended to the retrocrural space at the 12th vertebra level cranially on the right side to the lower border of the 3rd lumbar vertebra caudally. It had a smooth fibrous wall and contained a mixture of organised haematoma and pus. At operation the aneurysm was excised, the affected region was carefully debrided and the aorta grafted with an in-situ in-lay graft. Antibiotic therapy was instituted until clinical response was evident, leukocytosis was reduced and blood culture was negative. However 4 months after surgery, the patient returned in irreversible shock and succumbed to disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from an aortoduodenal fistula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/surgery*
  14. Yusof WN, Nagaratnam M, Koh CL, Puthucheary S, Pang T
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1993;37(8):667-70.
    PMID: 8246829
    Human mononuclear cells pre-labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid were shown to release metabolites following in vitro addition of heat-killed Salmonella typhi (HKST). The amount of label released was significantly higher than that seen with live S. typhi (LST). Addition of increasing amounts of HKST resulted in an increased release of metabolites. Enzyme immunoassay of the culture supernatants revealed that the bulk of the metabolite released was prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were not detectable in the culture supernatants. The significance and implications of these results are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi*
  15. Cheong YM, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):331.
    PMID: 1303490
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/drug effects*
  16. Phipps M, Pang T, Koh CL, Puthucheary S
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1991;35(2):157-61.
    PMID: 1886492
    Seven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to 166 mD. Two of the seven plasmid-bearing strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (Cm) and tetracycline (Tc) and they transferred Cm and Tc resistance traits to Escherichia coli K12 at frequencies from 1.6 x 10(-7) to 1.9 x 10(-6). Agarose gel electrophoresis provided evidence that the resistance traits were cotransferred on a conjugative plasmid. The significance and importance of these results are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/genetics*
  17. Cheong YM, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):267.
    PMID: 2483249
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella typhi/immunology
  18. Haddock RL
    PMID: 6658509
    To determine if the unusually high incidence of salmonellosis reported on Guam for several years might be the result of more frequent bacteriologic examination of gastroenteritis/diarrhoea patient stool specimens, a survey of medical clinic and laboratory activities was undertaken among countries in the Pacific Basin Area. Survey results suggest that while Guam laboratories may be particularly proficient in isolating Salmonella organisms, the quantity of stool specimens examined could not account for the higher incidence of salmonellosis observed on the island.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/isolation & purification*
  19. Sng EH, Lam S
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):301-4.
    PMID: 4261307
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella/drug effects*; Salmonella Infections/drug therapy; Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects; Salmonella typhi/drug effects
  20. Jackson AA
    Family Physician, 1994;6:4-6.
    Audit has improved certain aspects of management of typhoid fever detected through Klinik Perubatan Masyarakat at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. We audited records of clinic patients who were blood culture positive for Salmonella typhi. For August to October 1992, we found 10 out of 31 cases (32%) were not admitted. Some of these were patients who defaulted, while some were managed as outpatients but not notified. We took action to educate the medical officers. For November 1992 - March 1993 we found 8 out of 24 cases (33%) were not admitted. Although the admission rate was no better, there was a non significant improvement in rate of notification by doctors. Defaulters were now the main problem, and so we took action to improve their follow-up, by using the clinic staff nurse. For April - August 1993, only 1 out of 16 cases (6%) was not admitted. This was a significant improvement (p=0.03)

    Study site: Klinik Perubatan Masyarakat at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella; Salmonella typhi
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