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Malaysian parent and teacher ratings of the oppositional defiant disorder symptoms: measurement invariance and parent-teacher agreement

Gomez R

Asian J Psychiatr, 2014 Oct;11:35-8.
PMID: 25453694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.05.002

This study evaluated the measurement invariance and agreement across parent and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV-TR oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis*; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology*
Teacher ratings of ODD symptoms: measurement equivalence across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children

Gomez R

Asian J Psychiatr, 2014 Apr;8:52-5.
PMID: 24655627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.10.017

The study examined the measurement equivalence for teacher ratings across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis*; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/ethnology
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: prevalence based on parent and teacher ratings of Malaysian primary school children

Gomez R, Hafetz N, Gomez RM

Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Aug;6(4):299-302.
PMID: 23810136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.008

BACKGROUND: This study examined the prevalence rate of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Malaysian primary school children.
METHODS: In all 934 Malaysian parents and teachers completed ratings of their children using a scale comprising DSM-IV-TR ODD symptoms.
RESULTS: Results showed rates of 3.10%, 3.85%, 7.49% and 0.64% for parent, teacher, parent or teacher ("or-rule"), and parent and teacher ("and-rule") ratings, respectively. When the functional impairment criterion was not considered, the rate reported by parents was higher at 13.28%.
DISCUSSION: The theoretical, diagnostic and cultural implications of the findings are discussed

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders*; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology*
An exploratory study of the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on the school behavior of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms

Looyeh MY, Kamali K, Shafieian R

Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 2012 Oct;26(5):404-10.
PMID: 22999036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2012.01.001

This study explored the effectiveness of group narrative therapy for improving the school behavior of a small sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fourteen clinics referred 9- to 11-year-old girls with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD were randomly assigned to treatment and wait-list control groups. Posttreatment ratings by teachers showed that narrative therapy had a significant effect on reducing ADHD symptoms 1 week after completion of treatment and sustained after 30 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy*
Why do young adolescents bully? Experience in Malaysian schools

Wan Ismail WS, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Midin M, Shah SA

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S114-20.
PMID: 23763872 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.002

INTRODUCTION: To determine sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with bullying behavior among young adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of four hundred ten 12-year-old adolescents from seven randomly sampled schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sociodemographic features of the adolescents and their parents, bullying behavior (Malaysian Bullying Questionnaire), ADHD symptoms (Conners Rating Scales), and internalizing and externalizing behavior (Child Behaviour Checklist) were obtained from adolescents, parents and teachers, respectively.
RESULTS: Only male gender (OR=7.071, p=0.01*, CI=1.642-30.446) was a significant sociodemographic factor among bullies. Predominantly hyperactive (OR=2.285, p=0.00*, CI=1.507-3.467) and inattentive ADHD symptoms reported by teachers (OR=1.829, p=0.03*, CI=1.060-3.154) and parents (OR=1.709, p=0.03*, CI=1.046-2.793) were significant risk factors for bullying behavior while combined symptoms reported by young adolescents (OR=0.729, p=0.01*, CI=0.580-0.915) and teachers (OR=0.643, p=0.02*, CI=0.440-0.938) were protective against bullying behavior despite the influence of conduct behavior (OR=3.160, p=0.00*, CI=1.600-6.241). Internalizing behavior, that is, withdrawn (OR=0.653, p=0.04*, CI=0.436-0.977) and somatic complaints (OR=0.619, p=0.01*, CI=0.430-0.889) significantly protect against bullying behavior.
DISCUSSIONS: Recognizing factors associated with bullying behavior, in particular factors distinctive to the local population, facilitates in strategizing effective interventions for school bullying among young adolescents in Malaysian schools.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/ethnology; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology*
Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms: differential symptom functioning across Malaysian Malay and Chinese children

Gomez R, Vance A

J Abnorm Child Psychol, 2008 Aug;36(6):955-67.
PMID: 18317918 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-008-9226-8

This study examined differential symptom functioning (DSF) in ADHD symptoms across Malay and Chinese children in Malaysia. Malay (N=571) and Chinese (N=254) parents completed the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale, which lists the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms. DSF was examined using the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation modeling procedure. Although DSF was found for a single inattention (IA) symptom and three hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, all these differences had low effect sizes. Controlling for these DSF, Chinese children had higher IA and HI latent factor scores. However the effect sizes were small. Together, these findings suggest adequate support for invariance of the ADHD symptoms across these ethno-cultural groups. The implications of the findings for cross-cultural invariance of the ADHD symptoms are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis*; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology*
Fulltext Randomised controlled clinical trial of a structured cognitive rehabilitation in patients with attention deficit following mild traumatic brain injury: study protocol

Hamzah N, Narayanan V, Ramli N, Mustapha NA, Mohammad Tahir NA, Tan LK, et al.

BMJ Open, 2019 09 18;9(9):e028711.
PMID: 31537559 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028711

OBJECTIVES: To measure the clinical, structural and functional changes of an individualised structured cognitive rehabilitation in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population.
SETTING: A single centre study, Malaysia.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged between 18 and 60 years with mTBI as a result of road traffic accident, with no previous history of head trauma, minimum of 9 years education and abnormal cognition at 3 months will be included. The exclusion criteria include pre-existing chronic illness or neurological/psychiatric condition, long-term medication that affects cognitive/psychological status, clinical evidence of substance intoxication at the time of injury and major polytrauma. Based on multiple estimated calculations, the minimum intended sample size is 50 participants (Cohen's d effect size=0.35; alpha level of 0.05; 85% power to detect statistical significance; 40% attrition rate).
INTERVENTIONS: Intervention group will receive individualised structured cognitive rehabilitation. Control group will receive the best patient-centred care for attention disorders. Therapy frequency for both groups will be 1 hour per week for 12 weeks.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: Neuropsychological Assessment Battery-Screening Module (S-NAB) scores. Secondary: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters and Goal Attainment Scaling score (GAS).
RESULTS: Results will include descriptive statistics of population demographics, CogniPlus cognitive program and metacognitive strategies. The effect of intervention will be the effect size of S-NAB scores and mean GAS T scores. DTI parameters will be compared between groups via repeated measure analysis. Correlation analysis of outcome measures will be calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
CONCLUSION: This is a complex clinical intervention with multiple outcome measures to provide a comprehensive evidence-based treatment model.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee UMMC (MREC ID NO: 2016928-4293). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03237676.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/rehabilitation*
Autism and trichotillomania in an adolescent boy

Masiran R

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Sep 05;2018.
PMID: 30185454 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226270

An adolescent with autism spectrum disorder and improperly treated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presented with recurrent hair pulling. Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and stimulant improved these conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy*
Fulltext Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study

Jan Mohamed HJ, Loy SL, Mohd Taib MN, Karim NA, Tan SY, Appukutty M, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:1322.
PMID: 26718818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2666-5

The consumption of beverages contributes to diet quality and overall nutrition. Studies on malted drinks, one of the widely consumed beverage choices among children in Asia, however, have received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of malted drink consumption and explored associations of sociodemographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, weight status and physical activity levels with malted drink consumption among primary school children in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Fulltext Psychological aspects of diabetes care: Effecting behavioral change in patients

Chew BH, Shariff-Ghazali S, Fernandez A

World J Diabetes, 2014 Dec 15;5(6):796-808.
PMID: 25512782 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.796

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) need psychological support throughout their life span from the time of diagnosis. The psychological make-up of the patients with DM play a central role in self-management behaviors. Without patient's adherence to the effective therapies, there would be persistent sub-optimal control of diseases, increase diabetes-related complications, causing deterioration in quality of life, resulting in increased healthcare utilization and burden on healthcare systems. However, provision of psychosocial support is generally inadequate due to its challenging nature of needs and demands on the healthcare systems. This review article examines patient's psychological aspects in general, elaborates in particular about emotion effects on health, and emotion in relation to other psychological domains such as cognition, self-regulation, self-efficacy and behavior. Some descriptions are also provided on willpower, resilience, illness perception and proactive coping in relating execution of new behaviors, coping with future-oriented thinking and influences of illness perception on health-related behaviors. These psychological aspects are further discussed in relation to DM and interventions for patients with DM. Equipped with the understanding of the pertinent nature of psychology in patients with DM; and knowing the links between the psychological disorders, inflammation and cardiovascular outcomes would hopefully encourages healthcare professionals in giving due attention to the psychological needs of patients with DM.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Fulltext Conductance modulation of charged lipid bilayer using electrolyte-gated graphene-field effect transistor

Kiani MJ, Harun FK, Ahmadi MT, Rahmani M, Saeidmanesh M, Zare M

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):371.
PMID: 25114659 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-371

Graphene is an attention-grabbing material in electronics, physics, chemistry, and even biology because of its unique properties such as high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Also, the ability of graphene-based materials to continuously tune charge carriers from holes to electrons makes them promising for biological applications, especially in lipid bilayer-based sensors. Furthermore, changes in charged lipid membrane properties can be electrically detected by a graphene-based electrolyte-gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). In this paper, a monolayer graphene-based GFET with a focus on the conductance variation caused by membrane electric charges and thickness is studied. Monolayer graphene conductance as an electrical detection platform is suggested for neutral, negative, and positive electric-charged membrane. The electric charge and thickness of the lipid bilayer (Q LP and L LP) as a function of carrier density are proposed, and the control parameters are defined. Finally, the proposed analytical model is compared with experimental data which indicates good overall agreement.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Advances to improve the eating and cooking qualities of rice by marker-assisted breeding

Phing Lau WC, Latif MA, Y Rafii M, Ismail MR, Puteh A

Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2016;36(1):87-98.
PMID: 24937109 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923987

The eating and cooking qualities of rice are heavily emphasized in breeding programs because they determine market values and they are the appealing attributes sought by consumers. Conventional breeding has developed traditional varieties with improved eating and cooking qualities. Recently, intensive genetic studies have pinpointed the genes that control eating and cooking quality traits. Advances in genetic studies have developed molecular techniques, thereby allowing marker-assisted breeding (MAB) for improved eating and cooking qualities in rice. MAB has gained the attention of rice breeders for the advantages it can offer that conventional breeding cannot. There have been successful cases of using MAB to improve the eating and cooking qualities in rice over the years. Nevertheless, MAB should be applied cautiously given the intensive effort needed for genotyping. Perspectives from conventional breeding to marker-assisted breeding will be discussed in this review for the advancement of the eating and cooking qualities of fragrance, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and gelatinization temperature (GT) in rice. These four parameters are associated with eating and cooking qualities in rice. The genetic basis of these four parameters is also included in this review. MAB is another approach to rice variety improvement and development in addition to being an alternative to genetic engineering. The MAB approach shortens the varietal development time, and is therefore able to deliver improved rice varieties to farmers within a shorter period of time.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Invariance of parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms in Australian and Malaysian, and north European Australian and Malay Malaysia children: a mean and covariance structures analysis approach

Gomez R

J Atten Disord, 2009 Mar;12(5):422-33.
PMID: 18367758 DOI: 10.1177/1087054708315171

This study used the mean and covariance structures analysis approach to examine the equality or invariance of ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/ethnology*; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology
Fulltext Preventing tuberculosis in healthcare workers of the radiology department: a Malaysian perspective

Tan L, Kamarulzaman A

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jan;2(1):e3.
PMID: 21614220 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.1.e3

Tuberculosis (TB) is a well recognised occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). Concerns on the safety of healthcare settings in Malaysia was raised following a report of 25 HCWs working in 11 general hospitals in Malaysia who were infected with TB in 2004 being publicised in the media recently. As the disease burden in general is high in Malaysia, due attention should be given to this disease in our healthcare facilities including the radiology department, an often neglected area in TB infection control programmes. This article focuses on the key control measures that can be implemented in radiology departments in a developing country with limited resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
An evolution of image source camera attribution approaches

Jahanirad M, Wahab AW, Anuar NB

Forensic Sci Int, 2016 May;262:242-75.
PMID: 27060542 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.035

Camera attribution plays an important role in digital image forensics by providing the evidence and distinguishing characteristics of the origin of the digital image. It allows the forensic analyser to find the possible source camera which captured the image under investigation. However, in real-world applications, these approaches have faced many challenges due to the large set of multimedia data publicly available through photo sharing and social network sites, captured with uncontrolled conditions and undergone variety of hardware and software post-processing operations. Moreover, the legal system only accepts the forensic analysis of the digital image evidence if the applied camera attribution techniques are unbiased, reliable, nondestructive and widely accepted by the experts in the field. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolutionary trend of image source camera attribution approaches from fundamental to practice, in particular, with the application of image processing and data mining techniques. Extracting implicit knowledge from images using intrinsic image artifacts for source camera attribution requires a structured image mining process. In this paper, we attempt to provide an introductory tutorial on the image processing pipeline, to determine the general classification of the features corresponding to different components for source camera attribution. The article also reviews techniques of the source camera attribution more comprehensively in the domain of the image forensics in conjunction with the presentation of classifying ongoing developments within the specified area. The classification of the existing source camera attribution approaches is presented based on the specific parameters, such as colour image processing pipeline, hardware- and software-related artifacts and the methods to extract such artifacts. The more recent source camera attribution approaches, which have not yet gained sufficient attention among image forensics researchers, are also critically analysed and further categorised into four different classes, namely, optical aberrations based, sensor camera fingerprints based, processing statistics based and processing regularities based, to present a classification. Furthermore, this paper aims to investigate the challenging problems, and the proposed strategies of such schemes based on the suggested taxonomy to plot an evolution of the source camera attribution approaches with respect to the subjective optimisation criteria over the last decade. The optimisation criteria were determined based on the strategies proposed to increase the detection accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency of source camera brand, model or device attribution.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Kinetic study on microwave-assisted esterification of free fatty acids derived from Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil

Lieu T, Yusup S, Moniruzzaman M

Bioresour Technol, 2016 Jul;211:248-56.
PMID: 27019128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.105

Recently, a great attention has been paid to advanced microwave technology that can be used to markedly enhance the biodiesel production process. Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil containing high free fatty acids (FFA) was utilized as a non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production. Microwave-assisted esterification pretreatment was conducted to reduce the FFA content for promoting a high-quality product in the next step. At optimum condition, the conversion was achieved 94.43% using 2wt% of sulfuric acid as catalyst where as 20.83% conversion was attained without catalyst. The kinetics of this esterification reaction was also studied to determine the influence of factors on the rate of reaction and reaction mechanisms. The results indicated that microwave-assisted esterification was of endothermic second-order reaction with the activation energy of 53.717kJ/mol.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Fulltext Chitosan: A Promising Marine Polysaccharide for Biomedical Research

Periayah MH, Halim AS, Saad AZ

Pharmacogn Rev, 2016 Jan-Jun;10(19):39-42.
PMID: 27041872 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.176545

Biomaterials created 50 years ago are still receiving considerable attention for their potential to support development in the biomedical field. Diverse naturally obtained polysaccharides supply a broad range of resources applicable in the biomedical field. Lately, chitosan, a marine polysaccharide derived from chitins-which are extracted from the shells of arthropods such as crab, shrimp, and lobster-is becoming the most wanted biopolymer for use toward therapeutic interventions. This is a general short review of chitosan, highlighting the history, properties, chemical structure, processing method, and factors influencing the usage of chitosan derivatives in the biomedical field.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Further Insight into the Definite Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Mesoporous Silica KCC-1

Febriyanti E, Suendo V, Mukti RR, Prasetyo A, Arifin AF, Akbar MA, et al.

Langmuir, 2016 06 14;32(23):5802-11.
PMID: 27120557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00675

The unique three-dimensional pore structure of KCC-1 has attracted significant attention and has proven to be different compared to other conventional mesoporous silica such as the MCM-41 family, SBA-15, or even MSN nanoparticles. In this research, we carefully examine the morphology of KCC-1 to define more appropriate nomenclature. We also propose a formation mechanism of KCC-1 based on our experimental evidence. Herein, the KCC-1 morphology was interpreted mainly on the basis of compiling all observation and information taken from SEM and TEM images. Further analysis on TEM images was carried out. The gray value intensity profile was derived from TEM images in order to determine the specific pattern of this unique morphology that is found to be clearly different from that of other types of porous spherical-like morphologies. On the basis of these results, the KCC-1 morphology would be more appropriately reclassified as bicontinuous concentric lamellar morphology. Some physical characteristics such as the origin of emulsion, electrical conductivity, and the local structure of water molecules in the KCC-1 emulsion were disclosed to reveal the formation mechanism of KCC-1. The origin of the KCC-1 emulsion was characterized by the observation of the Tyndall effect, conductometry to determine the critical micelle concentration, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the morphological evolution study during KCC-1 synthesis completes the portrait of the formation of mesoporous silica KCC-1.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Fulltext The effect of Ramadan fasting on spatial attention through emotional stimuli

Molavi M, Yunus J, Utama NP

Psychol Res Behav Manag, 2016;9:105-14.
PMID: 27307772 DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S100495

Fasting can influence psychological and mental states. In the current study, the effect of periodical fasting on the process of emotion through gazed facial expression as a realistic multisource of social information was investigated for the first time. The dynamic cue-target task was applied via behavior and event-related potential measurements for 40 participants to reveal the temporal and spatial brain activities - before, during, and after fasting periods. The significance of fasting included several effects. The amplitude of the N1 component decreased over the centroparietal scalp during fasting. Furthermore, the reaction time during the fasting period decreased. The self-measurement of deficit arousal as well as the mood increased during the fasting period. There was a significant contralateral alteration of P1 over occipital area for the happy facial expression stimuli. The significant effect of gazed expression and its interaction with the emotional stimuli was indicated by the amplitude of N1. Furthermore, the findings of the study approved the validity effect as a congruency between gaze and target position, as indicated by the increment of P3 amplitude over centroparietal area as well as slower reaction time from behavioral response data during incongruency or invalid condition between gaze and target position compared with those during valid condition. Results of this study proved that attention to facial expression stimuli as a kind of communicative social signal was affected by fasting. Also, fasting improved the mood of practitioners. Moreover, findings from the behavioral and event-related potential data analyses indicated that the neural dynamics of facial emotion are processed faster than that of gazing, as the participants tended to react faster and prefer to relay on the type of facial emotions than to gaze direction while doing the task. Because of happy facial expression stimuli, right hemisphere activation was more than that of the left hemisphere. It indicated the consistency of the emotional lateralization concept rather than the valence concept of emotional processing.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention
Position of document holder and work related risk factors for neck pain among computer users: a narrative review

Ambusam S, Baharudin O, Roslizawati N, Leonard J

Clin Ter, 2015 Nov-Dec;166(6):256-61.
PMID: 26794814 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1898

Document holder is used as a remedy to address occupational neck pain among computer users. An understanding on the effects of the document holder along with other work related risk factors while working in computer workstation requires attention. A comprehensive knowledge on the optimal location of the document holder in computer use and associated work related factors that may contribute to neck pain reviewed in this article. A literature search has been conducted over the past 14 years based on the published articles from January 1990 to January 2014 in both Science Direct and PubMed databases. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords for search were neck muscle OR head posture OR muscle tension' OR muscle activity OR work related disorders OR neck pain AND/OR document location OR document holder OR source document OR copy screen holder.Document holder placed lateral to the screen was most preferred to reduce neck discomfort among occupational typists. Document without a holder was placed flat on the surface is least preferred. The head posture and muscle activity increases when the document is placed flat on the surface compared to when placed on the document holder. Work related factors such as static posture, repetitive movement, prolong sitting and awkward positions were the risk factors for chronic neck pain. This review highlights the optimal location for document holder for computer users to reduce neck pain. Together, the importance of work related risk factors for to neck pain on occupational typist is emphasized for the clinical management.

Matched MeSH terms: Attention

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