Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 299 in total

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  1. Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Sequence Analysis of Aedes Albopictus in Malaysia
    Ismail NA, Dom NC, Ismail R, Ahmad AH, Zaki A, Camalxaman SN
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2015 Dec;31(4):305-12.
    PMID: 26675451 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-04-305-312.1
    A study was conducted to establish polymorphic variation of the mitochondrial DNA encoding the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene in Aedes albopictus isolated from 2 hot spot dengue-infested areas in the Subang Jaya District, Malaysia. A phylogenetic analysis was performed with the use of sequences obtained from USJ6 and Taman Subang Mas (TSM). Comparison of the local CO1 sequences with a laboratory strain (USM), alongside reference strains derived from the GenBank database revealed low genetic variation in terms of nucleotide differences and haplotype diversity. Four methods were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and illustrate the genetic relationship of the 37 Ae. albopictus populations based on the CO1 sequences, namely neighbor-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian method, which revealed a distinct relationship between isolates from USJ6 and TSM. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity among morphologically similar Ae. albopictus, which has not been reported to date.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/genetics*; Insect Vectors/metabolism
  2. The prevalence of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Sekong Province, Lao PDR in relation to malaria transmission
    Vythilingam I, Phetsouvanh R, Keokenchanh K, Yengmala V, Vanisaveth V, Phompida S, et al.
    Trop Med Int Health, 2003 Jun;8(6):525-35.
    PMID: 12791058
    A longitudinal study was conducted on the prevalence of Anopheles in three malaria endemic villages in Sekong province, in the southern region of Lao PDR, from August 2000 to October 2001. All night, human landing collections took place in August and October 2000 and April and October 2001, and blood smears were taken for malaria parasites during the same period. Mosquitoes were tested for sporozoite antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In August 2000 (wet season) and April 2001 (dry season) the ovaries of the mosquitoes were examined for parity. A total of 16 species of Anopheles were caught in the study sites of which An. dirus A, An. maculatus sl and An. jeyporiensis were positive for sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) ranged from 0.06 to 0.25. There was a good correlation between EIR and vectorial capacity in the wet season, especially in Pai Mai where the prevalence of malaria was also high during the wet seasons (11.8 and 10.53). An. dirus A showed ambivalence in their choice of feeding as approximately 50% attacked man indoors and an equal proportion outdoors. An dirus A was the main vector in Pai Mai. The parous rate did not significantly differ between the wet and dry season, although it was higher in the dry season. In Takaio the parasite prevalence ranged from 8.7% (dry season) to 37.1% (wet season) and An. jeyporiensis was the vector, and the risk of infection was 0.85 in the dry season while 0.99 in the wet season. In Toumgno An. maculatus sl was the vector and infection was found only in August and October 2000. However, malaria prevalence ranged from 9.69 to 20.4% and was equally high in the dry season. Cattle were also present close to the houses in all the villages and this might be a contributory factor in the prevalence of malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/classification; Insect Vectors/parasitology*
  3. Fulltext A new paradigm for Aedes spp. surveillance using gravid ovipositing sticky trap and NS1 antigen test kit
    Lau SM, Chua TH, Sulaiman WY, Joanne S, Lim YA, Sekaran SD, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2017 Mar 21;10(1):151.
    PMID: 28327173 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2091-y
    BACKGROUND: Dengue remains a serious public health problem in Southeast Asia and has increased 37-fold in Malaysia compared to decades ago. New strategies are urgently needed for early detection and control of dengue epidemics.

    METHODS: We conducted a two year study in a high human density dengue-endemic urban area in Selangor, where Gravid Ovipositing Sticky (GOS) traps were set up to capture adult Aedes spp. mosquitoes. All Aedes mosquitoes were tested using the NS1 dengue antigen test kit. All dengue cases from the study site notified to the State Health Department were recorded. Weekly microclimatic temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall were monitored.

    RESULTS: Aedes aegypti was the predominant mosquito (95.6%) caught in GOS traps and 23% (43/187 pools of 5 mosquitoes each) were found to be positive for dengue using the NS1 antigen kit. Confirmed cases of dengue were observed with a lag of one week after positive Ae. aegypti were detected. Aedes aegypti density as analysed by distributed lag non-linear models, will increase lag of 2-3 weeks for temperature increase from 28 to 30 °C; and lag of three weeks for increased rainfall.

    CONCLUSION: Proactive strategy is needed for dengue vector surveillance programme. One method would be to use the GOS trap which is simple to setup, cost effective (below USD 1 per trap) and environmental friendly (i.e. use recyclable plastic materials) to capture Ae. aegypti followed by a rapid method of detecting of dengue virus using the NS1 dengue antigen kit. Control measures should be initiated when positive mosquitoes are detected.

    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/physiology*; Insect Vectors/virology*
  4. Statewide Efficacy Assessment of Insect Growth Regulators Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia: An Alternative Control Strategy?
    Elia-Amira NMR, Chen CD, Low VL, Lau KW, Haziqah-Rashid A, Amelia-Yap ZH, et al.
    J Med Entomol, 2022 01 12;59(1):301-307.
    PMID: 34459477 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab146
    The efficacy of three groups of insect growth regulators, namely juvenile hormone mimics (methoprene and pyriproxyfen), chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron and novaluron), and molting disruptor (cyromazine) was evaluated for the first time, against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae from 14 districts in Sabah, Malaysia. The results showed that all field populations of Ae. albopictus were susceptible towards methoprene, pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, novaluron, and cyromazine, with resistance ratio values ranging from 0.50-0.90, 0.60-1.00, 0.67-1.17, 0.71-1.29, and 0.74-1.07, respectively. Overall, the efficacy assessment of insect growth regulators in this study showed promising outcomes and they could be further explored as an alternative to conventional insecticides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/drug effects; Insect Vectors/growth & development
  5. Fulltext Effect of chemical fogging on immature Aedes mosquitoes in natural field conditions
    Chua KB, Chua IL, Chua IE, Chua KH
    Singapore Med J, 2005 Nov;46(11):639-44.
    PMID: 16228097
    Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever are common and serious arboviral diseases endemic in a number of countries situated in both the tropical and subtropical belts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/growth & development*; Insect Vectors/virology
  6. Fulltext Microsatellite and mitochondrial markers reveal strong gene flow barriers for Anopheles farauti in the Solomon Archipelago: implications for malaria vector control
    Ambrose L, Cooper RD, Russell TL, Burkot TR, Lobo NF, Collins FH, et al.
    Int J Parasitol, 2014 Mar;44(3-4):225-33.
    PMID: 24440418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.12.001
    Anopheles farauti is the primary malaria vector throughout the coastal regions of the Southwest Pacific. A shift in peak biting time from late to early in the night occurred following widespread indoor residue spraying of dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT) and has persisted in some island populations despite the intervention ending decades ago. We used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data and 12 newly developed microsatellite markers to assess the population genetic structure of this malaria vector in the Solomon Archipelago. With geographically distinct differences in peak A. farauti night biting time observed in the Solomon Archipelago, we tested the hypothesis that strong barriers to gene flow exist in this region. Significant and often large fixation index (FST) values were found between different island populations for the mitochondrial and nuclear markers, suggesting highly restricted gene flow between islands. Some discordance in the location and strength of genetic breaks was observed between the mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Since early night biting A. farauti individuals occur naturally in all populations, the strong gene flow barriers that we have identified in the Solomon Archipelago lend weight to the hypothesis that the shifts in peak biting time from late to early night have appeared independently in these disconnected island populations. For this reason, we suggest that insecticide impregnated bed nets and indoor residue spraying are unlikely to be effective as control tools against A. farauti occurring elsewhere, and if used, will probably result in peak biting time behavioural shifts similar to that observed in the Solomon Islands.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/genetics*; Insect Vectors/parasitology*
  7. Fulltext Impact of larviciding with a Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulation, VectoBac WG, on dengue mosquito vectors in a dengue endemic site in Selangor State, Malaysia
    Lee HL, Chen CD, Masri SM, Chiang YF, Chooi KH, Benjamin S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2008 Jul;39(4):601-9.
    PMID: 19058596
    The field bioefficacy of a wettable granule (WG) formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), VectoBac WG (Bti strain AM65-52) against dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae albopictus; was evaluated in a suburban residential area (TST) and in a temporary settlement site (KB) in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pre-control ovitrap surveillance of the trial sites indicated a high population of both types of Aedes mosquitoes. The populations were monitored continuously by weekly ovitrapping. Bti was sprayed biweekly at a dosage of 500 g/ha by using a mist-blower. The spray application was targeted into outdoor larval habitats. If required, Bti formulation was also applied directly into indoor water-holding containers at 8 g/1,000 l. Based on ovitrap surveillance, a significant reduction in Aedes populations was evident 4 weeks after initiating the first Bti treatment. The ovitrap index (OI) and the larvae density decreased drastically in both trial sites. In TST, the indoor OI was significantly reduced from 57.50 +/- 7.50% to 19.13 +/- 5.49% (p<0.05), while the outdoor OI decreased from 38.89 +/- 11.11% to 15.36 +/- 5.93%. In KB, similarly, the OI was significantly reduced by more than half, from 66.66 +/- 6.67% to 30.26 +/- 2.99% (p< 0.05). In all cases, the reduction in OI was paralleled by reduction in larval density.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/microbiology*; Insect Vectors/virology
  8. Fulltext CPB1 of Aedes aegypti interacts with DENV2 E protein and regulates intracellular viral accumulation and release from midgut cells
    Tham HW, Balasubramaniam VR, Tejo BA, Ahmad H, Hassan SS
    Viruses, 2014 Dec;6(12):5028-46.
    PMID: 25521592 DOI: 10.3390/v6125028
    Aedes aegypti is a principal vector responsible for the transmission of dengue viruses (DENV). To date, vector control remains the key option for dengue disease management. To develop new vector control strategies, a more comprehensive understanding of the biological interactions between DENV and Ae. aegypti is required. In this study, a cDNA library derived from the midgut of female adult Ae. aegypti was used in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screenings against DENV2 envelope (E) protein. Among the many interacting proteins identified, carboxypeptidase B1 (CPB1) was selected, and its biological interaction with E protein in Ae. aegypti primary midgut cells was further validated. Our double immunofluorescent assay showed that CPB1-E interaction occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the Ae. aegypti primary midgut cells. Overexpression of CPB1 in mosquito cells resulted in intracellular DENV2 genomic RNA or virus particle accumulation, with a lower amount of virus release. Therefore, we postulated that in Ae. aegypti midgut cells, CPB1 binds to the E protein deposited on the ER intraluminal membranes and inhibits DENV2 RNA encapsulation, thus inhibiting budding from the ER, and may interfere with immature virus transportation to the trans-Golgi network.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/enzymology*; Insect Vectors/genetics; Insect Vectors/virology
  9. Exposure of a Dengue Vector to Tea and Its Waste: Survival, Developmental Consequences, and Significance for Pest Management
    Dieng H, Tan Yusop NS, Kamal NN, Ahmad AH, Ghani IA, Abang F, et al.
    J Agric Food Chem, 2016 May 11;64(18):3485-91.
    PMID: 27115536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01157
    Dengue mosquitoes are evolving into a broader global public health menace, with relentless outbreaks and the rise in number of Zika virus disease cases as reminders of the continued hazard associated with Aedes vectors. The use of chemical insecticides-the principal strategy against mosquito vectors-has been greatly impeded due to the development of insecticide resistance and the shrinking spectrum of effective agents. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new chemistries for vector control. Tea contains hundreds of chemicals, and its waste, which has become a growing global environmental problem, is almost as rich in toxicants as green leaves. This paper presents the toxic and sublethal effects of different crude extracts of tea on Aedes albopictus. The survival rates of larvae exposed to tea extracts, especially fresh tea extract (FTE), were markedly lower than those in the control treatment group. In addition to this immediate toxicity against different developmental stages, the extracts tested caused a broad range of sublethal effects. The developmental time was clearly longer in containers with tea, especially in those with young larvae (YL) and FTE. Among the survivors, pupation success was reduced in containers with tea, which also produced low adult emergence rates with increasing tea concentration. The production of eggs tended to be reduced in females derived from the tea treatment groups. These indirect effects of tea extracts on Ae. albopictus exhibited different patterns according to the exposed larval stage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tea and its waste affect most key components of Ae. albopictus vectorial capacity and may be useful for dengue control. Reusing tea waste in vector control could also be a practical solution to the problems associated with its pollution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/drug effects*; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Insect Vectors/physiology
  10. Fulltext Pyrethroid Resistance in Malaysian Populations of Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti Is Mediated by CYP9 Family of Cytochrome P450 Genes
    Ishak IH, Kamgang B, Ibrahim SS, Riveron JM, Irving H, Wondji CS
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2017 01;11(1):e0005302.
    PMID: 28114328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005302
    BACKGROUND: Dengue control and prevention rely heavily on insecticide-based interventions. However, insecticide resistance in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, threatens the continued effectiveness of these tools. The molecular basis of the resistance remains uncharacterised in many endemic countries including Malaysia, preventing the design of evidence-based resistance management. Here, we investigated the underlying molecular basis of multiple insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations across Malaysia detecting the major genes driving the metabolic resistance.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Genome-wide microarray-based transcription analysis was carried out to detect the genes associated with metabolic resistance in these populations. Comparisons of the susceptible New Orleans strain to three non-exposed multiple insecticide resistant field strains; Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Kota Bharu detected 2605, 1480 and 425 differentially expressed transcripts respectively (fold-change>2 and p-value ≤ 0.05). 204 genes were commonly over-expressed with monooxygenase P450 genes (CYP9J27, CYP6CB1, CYP9J26 and CYP9M4) consistently the most up-regulated detoxification genes in all populations, indicating that they possibly play an important role in the resistance. In addition, glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases and other gene families commonly associated with insecticide resistance were also over-expressed. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated an over-representation of GO terms linked to resistance such as monooxygenases, carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferases and heme-binding. Polymorphism analysis of CYP9J27 sequences revealed a high level of polymorphism (except in Joho Bharu), suggesting a limited directional selection on this gene. In silico analysis of CYP9J27 activity through modelling and docking simulations suggested that this gene is involved in the multiple resistance in Malaysian populations as it is predicted to metabolise pyrethroids, DDT and bendiocarb.

    CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The predominant over-expression of cytochrome P450s suggests that synergist-based (PBO) control tools could be utilised to improve control of this major dengue vector across Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/drug effects; Insect Vectors/enzymology*; Insect Vectors/genetics
  11. Fulltext Colour Cues: Effects of Ipomoea Plant Extract on Culex quinquefasciatus Say Gravid Females in Choosing Oviposition Site
    Zuharah WF, Thiagaletchumi M, Fadzly N
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):91-102.
    PMID: 27688853 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.7
    The interaction between plants and insects is dynamic, and may favour either the plant or the insect. Plant chemicals are deeply implicated in this relationship and influence insect behaviour. Here, we investigated the oviposition behaviour response of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes based on the colour cues produced by Ipomoea cairica leaves extract. In this study, two sets of oviposition choice experiments were conducted: (1) single solution in a cage; and (2) multiple concentration solutions in a cage. In the single solution experiment, only 1 available oviposition site was offered to 5 gravid females and in the multiple concentration tests, 4 available oviposition sites were offered to 20 gravid females. The tested concentrations were set up at 100 mL of: (1) control (distilled water only); (2) 50 ppm; (3) 150 ppm; and (4) 300 ppm of I. cairica plant extracts. The highest concentration of 300 ppm appeared to show the highest intensity with the darkest colour followed by 150 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations. More gravid females were found drowned in the highest concentration, 300 ppm of acethonilic leaves extract, compared to 150 ppm and 50 ppm of the tested extract. No eggs were found in all tested solutions. The studied extract was found to effectively attract gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus females and subsequently cause mortality and inhibit egg deposition. The interference caused by the acethonilic extract of I. cairica on the oviposition activity of Cx. quinquefasciatus can result in better control of the vector insect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  12. New record of Aedes (finlaya) togoi (theobold) in West Malaysia
    Ramalingam S
    Med J Malaya, 1969 Jun;23(4):288-92.
    PMID: 4242176
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  13. Studies on the transmission of sub-periodic Brugia malayi by Aedes (Finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. II. The development of the parasite to the infective form; the relationship between concentration of microfilariae in the vertebrate host and infection in the mosquitoes
    Ramachandran CP, Zaini MA
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):198-203.
    PMID: 4234356
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  14. Studies on filariasis in New Guinea. Observations on periodicity
    Saave JJ, Desowitz RS
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):335-6.
    PMID: 4224350
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  15. Distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in three selected localities in Malaysia
    Wan-Norafikah O, Nazni W, Noramiza S, Shafa’ar-Ko’ohar S, Heah S, Nor-Azlina A, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1309-1313.
    Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the principle dengue vectors in Malaysia. The presence and distribution of Aedes larvae were studied in three different localities in Kelantan, Terengganu and Sabah, Malaysia in October 2008, November 2008 and June 2009. Two hundred (200) ovitraps per locality were placed randomly indoors and outdoors, depending on the environment of each locality. The highest mean number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae per recovered ovitrap for both indoors and outdoors was obtained from Kg. Paya Rambai, Kelantan. The indoor populations of Ae. aegypti as well as the indoor and outdoor populations of Ae. albopictus in Kg. Paya Rambai, Kelantan were significantly higher than the other two study sites (p<0.05) by 1.03- and 4.67-folds, 2.36- and 5.84-folds and 1.98- and 4.00-folds, respectively. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were also found to breed within the same ovitraps placed indoors and outdoors in all study sites ranging from 15.22% to 31.82% of the total positive ovitraps. This study showed that both species could serve as the vectors of dengue in all study sites as indicated by the high populations recorded. The reliability and sensitivity of ovitraps in Aedes surveillance was also proven.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  16. Six new species of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group, reinterpretation of An. elegans and vector implications
    Sallum MA, Peyton EL, Wilkerson RC
    Med Vet Entomol, 2005 Jun;19(2):158-99.
    PMID: 15958025
    Among Oriental anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), several major vectors of forest malaria belong to the group of Anopheles (Cellia) leucosphyrus Dönitz. We have morphologically examined representative material (> 8000 specimens from seven countries) for taxonomic revision of the Leucosphyrus Group. Six new species are here described from adult, pupal and larval stages (with illustrations of immature stages) and formally named as follows: An. latens n. sp. (= An. leucosphyrus species A of Baimai et al., 1988b), An. cracens n. sp., An. scanloni n. sp., An. baimaii n. sp. (formerly An. dirus species B, C, D, respectively), An. mirans n. sp. and An. recens n. sp. Additionally, An. elegans (James) is redescribed and placed in the complex of An. dirus Peyton & Harrison (comprising An. baimaii, An. cracens, An. dirus, An. elegans, An. nemophilous Peyton and Ramalingam, An. scanloni and An. takasagoensis Morishita) of the Leucosphyrus Subgroup, together with An. baisasi Colless and the An. leucosphyrus complex (comprising An. balabacensis Baisas, An. introlatus Baisas, An. latens and An. leucosphyrus). Hence, the former Elegans Subgroup is renamed the Hackeri Subgroup (comprising An. hackeri Edwards, An. pujutensis Colless, An. recens and An. sulawesi Waktoedi). Distribution data and bionomics of the newly defined species are given, based on new material and published records, with discussion of morphological characters for species distinction and implications for ecology and vector roles of such species. Now these and other members of the Leucosphyrus Group are identifiable, it should be possible to clarify the medical importance and distribution of each species. Those already regarded as vectors of human malaria are: An. baimaii[Bangladesh, China (Yunnan), India (Andamans, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal), Myanmar, Thailand]; An. latens[Borneo (where it also transmits Bancroftian filariasis), peninsular Malaysia, Thailand]; probably An. cracens (Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand); presumably An. scanloni (Thailand); perhaps An. elegans (the Western Ghat form of An. dirus, restricted to peninsular India); but apparently not An. recens (Sumatra) nor An. mirans[Sri Lanka and south-west India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)], which is a natural vector of simian malarias. Together with typical An. balabacensis, An. dirus and An. leucosphyrus, therefore, the Leucosphyrus Group includes about seven important vectors of forest malaria, plus at least a dozen species of no known medical importance, with differential specific distributions collectively spanning > 5000 km from India to the Philippines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  17. Scanning electron microscopy of the eggs of Mansonia uniformis, Ma. indiana and Ma. annulifera (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Eng KL, Chiang GL, Hamidah T, Loong KP
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1990 Mar;21(1):115-22.
    PMID: 1976273
    Descriptions of the eggs of Mansonia uniformis, Ma. indiana and Ma. annulifera are provided with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. Eggs of these three species, although similar in shape and colour, are covered by outer chorionic reticulum and tubercles which provide reliable morphological character for their identification. Size, distribution and number of lobes on the large tubercles present in the region between the anterior tube and posterior region, are important distinguishing features. Measurements of egg sizes and other chorionic differences are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  18. Fulltext Evaluation of carbon dioxide and 1-octen-3-ol as mosquito attractants
    Vythilingam I, Chiang GL, Chan ST
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1992 Jun;23(2):328-31.
    PMID: 1359652
    CDC Light traps were used to study the attractant effect of CO2 and 1-octen-3-ol on trap catches of mosquito populations at three different locations in Malaysia. There was a significant increase in the number of mosquitos caught in traps baited with CO2 and CO2 with 1-octen-3-ol. The number of mosquitos caught in the CDC light trap and in the CDC light trap baited with 1-octen-3-ol alone were very few. 1-octen-3-ol and CO2 acted synergistically in attracting significantly greater numbers of Culex tritaeniorhynchus. However Anopheles sp. were not very attracted to light traps even with attractants added to them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  19. Fulltext Mosquito-borne haemorrhagic fevers of South and South-East Asia
    Halstead SB
    Bull World Health Organ, 1966;35(1):3-15.
    PMID: 5297536
    During the past decade outbreaks of a severe haemorrhagic disease caused by dengue viruses of multiple types have been reported in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Viet-Nam and eastern India. In many of these outbreaks chikungunya virus, a group A arbovirus, was simultaneously the cause of similar but probably milder disease. Both these viruses appear to be able to be able to produce classical dengue fever in some individuals and disease with haemorrhagic manifestations in others. Because of the growing public health importance and the progressive spread of this disease a unified review of its clinical and epidemiological features has been needed. This paper presents the history and salient clinical features of mosquito-borne haemorrhagic fever and summarizes recent epidemiological studies and current diagnostic and control methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors
  20. Chikungunya, a paradigm of neglected tropical disease that emerged to be a new health global risk
    Rougeron V, Sam IC, Caron M, Nkoghe D, Leroy E, Roques P
    J Clin Virol, 2015 Mar;64:144-52.
    PMID: 25453326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.032
    Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family that causes chronic and incapacitating arthralgia in human populations. Since its discovery in 1952, CHIKV was responsible for sporadic and infrequent outbreaks. However, since 2005, global Chikungunya outbreaks have occurred, inducing some fatalities and associated with severe and chronic morbidity. Chikungunya is thus considered as an important re-emerging public health problem in both tropical and temperate countries, where the distribution of the Aedes mosquito vectors continues to expand. This review highlights the most recent advances in our knowledge and understanding of the epidemiology, biology, treatment and vaccination strategies of CHIKV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Insect Vectors/virology
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