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Associations of occupational, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity patterns with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults in a middle-income country

Chu AH, Moy FM

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S14-7.
PMID: 23276774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.011

This study investigates physical activity in different domains and its association with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity*
Fulltext Low physical activity and energy dense Malaysian foods are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in centrally obese but not in non-centrally obese patients with diabetes mellitus

Chan WK, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Tah PC, Vijayananthan A, Goh KL

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(2):289-98.
PMID: 26078246 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.15

To study the dietary intake and level of physical activity (PA) of patients with diabetes mellitus and the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity*
Effects of naloxone, glycyrrhizic acid, dexamethasone and deoxycorticosterone in repetitive stress

Ainsah O, Nabishah BM, Osman CB, Khalid BA

Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1999 7 1;26(5-6):433-7.
PMID: 10386234

1. The present study examined the effect of naloxone (NAL), glycyrrhizic acid (GCA), deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and dexamethasone (DEX) on daily repeated 2 h chronic restrained stress (RS) on the locomotor activity (LA) of rats tested in the open field arena to elucidate the possible roles of opioids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in response to stress. 2. Intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were either injected with 0.1 mL of NAL (0.32 microgram/100 g BW), 2.4 mg/kg DOC or 120 micrograms/kg DEX or had 1.0 mg/mL GCA dissolved in their drinking water or normal saline (for the ADX group) dissolved in their drinking water. 3. In intact groups, treatment with NAL completely blocked the stress response and treatment with GCA, DOC and DEX partially prevented the stress response. Adaptation occurred on either days 4, 5, 6 or 7 for intact rats treated with DEX, DOC, GCA or control rats, respectively. All ADX control rats died following the first 2 h RS. Adrenalectomized rats treated with DEX or DOC adapted later compared with intact rats, while rats given either GCA or NAL were unable to block or adapt to chronic RS. 4. These findings demonstrate that the stress response is primarily mediated by endogenous opioids, in that it is blocked by NAL. Both mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, which can act centrally to inhibit endorphins, partially blocked the stress response. The effect of GCA in intact rats was similar to that of both DEX and DOC in intact rats. Adrenalectomized rats treated with GCA (despite their lack of endogenous corticosterone) showed a stress response that was significantly different from the other ADX groups, implying that GCA had effects independent of endogenous corticosterone.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity/drug effects
Antinociceptive activity of a synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, ASH21374, and determination of its possible mechanisms

Zakaria ZA, Sani MH, Mohammat MF, Mansor NS, Shaameri Z, Kek TL, et al.

Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2013 Dec;91(12):1143-53.
PMID: 24289087 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0099

This study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive activity of a novel synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, (2R,3R,4S)-ethyl 4-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (ASH21374), and to elucidate the involvement of the opioid, vanilloid, glutamate, and nitric oxide - cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems in modulating the observed antinociception. ASH21374, in the doses of 2, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass, was administered orally to mice 60 mins prior to exposure to various antinociceptive assays. From the results obtained, ASH21374 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in the abdominal constriction, hot-plate, and formalin tests that was comparable with 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid or 5 mg/kg morphine, respectively. ASH21374 also attenuated capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking. Pre-treatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the activity in all assays, while pretreatment with 10 mg/kg β-funaltraxamine, 1 mg/kg naltrindole, or 1 mg/kg nor-binaltorphimine significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the activity in the abdominal constriction test. l-Arginine, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl esters (l-NAME), methylene blue, and their combinations, failed to inhibit the ASH21374 antinociceptive activity. In conclusion, ASH21374 demonstrated antinociceptive activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems, mediated through the activation of opioid receptors, inhibition of the glutamatergic system, and attenuation of vanilloid-mediated nociceptive transmission. Further studies have been planned to determine the pharmacological potential of ASH21374.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity/drug effects
Fulltext Accelerometer-determined physical activity level among government employees in Penang, Malaysia

Hazizi AS, Aina MB, Mohd NM, Zaitun Y, Hamid JJ, Tabata I

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Apr;18(1):57-66.
PMID: 23713230 MyJurnal

A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate accelerometer-determined physical activity level of 233 Malay government employees (104 men, 129 women) working in the Federal Government Building Penang, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity/physiology*
Fulltext Stool patterns of Malaysian adults with functional constipation: association with diet and physical activity

Mazlyn MM, Nagarajah LH, Fatimah A, Norimah AK, Goh KL

Malays J Nutr, 2013 Apr;19(1):53-64.
PMID: 24800384 MyJurnal

Diet and lifestyle modification is commonly used in constipation management. As there is a dearth of studies on this topic in Malaysia, we aim to elucidate the relations between stool patterns, dietary intake and physical activity levels among adults with functional constipation.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity/physiology*
Fulltext Lowering dietary glycaemic index through nutrition education among Malaysian women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

Sangeetha-Shyam, Fatimah A, Rohana AG, Norasyikin AW, Karuthan C, Nik SS, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2013 Apr;19(1):9-23.
PMID: 24800381 MyJurnal

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risks for type 2
diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Low glycaemic index (GI) diets improve
cardio-metabolic outcomes in insulin-resistant individuals. We examined the
feasibility of lowering GI through GI-based-education among Asian post-GDM
women. Methods: A 3-month investigation was carried out on 60 Malaysian
women with a mean age of 31.0±4.5 years and a history of GDM. Subjects were
randomised into two groups: LGIE and CHDR. The CHDR group received
conventional healthy dietary recommendations only. The LGIE group received
GI based-education in addition to conventional healthy dietary recommendations.
At baseline and after 3-months, dietary intake of energy and macronutrient
intakes including GI diet and glycaemic load was assessed using 3-day food
records. Diabetes-Diet and GI-concept scores and physical activity levels were
assessed using a questionnaire. Adherence to dietary instructions was measured
at the end of 3 months. Results: At the end of 3 months, the LGIE group had
significant reductions in energy intake (241.7±522.4Kcal, P=0.037, ES=0.463), total
carbohydrate (48.7±83.5g, P=0.010, ES=0.583), GI (3.9±7.1, P=0.017, ES=0.549) and
GL (39.0±55.3, P=0.003, ES=0.705) and significant increases in protein (3.7±5.4g,
0.003, ES=0.685) and diet fibre (4.6±7.3g, P=0.06). The CHDR group had a significant
reduction in fat only (5.7±9.4g, P=0.006, ES=0.606). There was a 30% increase in
GI-concept scores in the LGIE group (p< 0.001). Changes in GI-concept scores
correlated significantly to the reduction in dietary GI (r = -0.642, P=0.045). Dietary
adherence was comparable in both groups. Conclusion: GI-education improves
GI-concept knowledge and helps lower dietary glycaemic index among women
with a history of GDM.
Keywords: Diet, gestational diabetes mellitus, glycaemic index, glycaemic load,
prevention, type 2 diabetes

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity/physiology
Fulltext Association between lifestyle factors and quality-adjusted life years in the EPIC-NL cohort

Fransen HP, May AM, Beulens JW, Struijk EA, de Wit GA, Boer JM, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(11):e111480.
PMID: 25369457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111480

The aim of our study was to relate four modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity and diet) to health expectancy, using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in a prospective cohort study. Data of the prospective EPIC-NL study were used, including 33,066 healthy men and women aged 20-70 years at baseline (1993-7), followed until 31-12-2007 for occurrence of disease and death. Smoking status, body mass index, physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (excluding alcohol) were investigated separately and combined into a healthy lifestyle score, ranging from 0 to 4. QALYs were used as summary measure of healthy life expectancy, combining a person's life expectancy with a weight for quality of life when having a chronic disease. For lifestyle factors analyzed separately the number of years living longer in good health varied from 0.12 year to 0.84 year, after adjusting for covariates. A combination of the four lifestyle factors was positively associated with higher QALYs (P-trend <0.0001). A healthy lifestyle score of 4 compared to a score of 0 was associated with almost a 2 years longer life in good health (1.75 QALYs [95% CI 1.37, 2.14]).

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Factors associated with physical inactivity among school-going adolescents: data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey 2012

Baharudin A, Zainuddin AA, Manickam MA, Ambak R, Ahmad MH, Naidu BM, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 Sep;26(5 Suppl):27S-35S.
PMID: 25070696 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514543682

The importance of physical activity to health is well recognized. Good health habits should begin from a young age. This article aims to explore physical activity among Malaysian school adolescents and factors associated with it. Data from the Malaysian School-Based Nutrition Survey (MSNS), comprising a nationally representative sample of school-going children aged 10 to 17 years, were used. The overall prevalence of physically inactive adolescents was 57.3%. Age in years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.23), gender - females (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval = 2.66-3.10), afternoon school session, breakfast consumption (no breakfast and irregular breakfast), body mass index status (obese and underweight), and body weight perception (underweight perceivers) were significant factors associated with physical inactivity among Malaysian adolescents. Thus, there is evidence that programs to promote physical activity in this group should consider the combination of the aforementioned factors at the household, school, and community levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fatality of a wild Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio): behavior and death of a wounded juvenile in Danum Valley, North Borneo

Kanamori T, Kuze N, Bernard H, Malim TP, Kohshima S

Primates, 2012 Jul;53(3):221-6.
PMID: 22350273 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-012-0297-3

Reports of wild great ape fatalities have been very limited, and only two have described wild orangutan deaths. We found a wounded juvenile female Bornean orangutan on 7 October 2006 in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia, and observed the individual's behavior for 7 days until her death on 13 October 2006. The 5-6-year-old orangutan, which we had observed since 2004, was wounded in the left brachium, back, and right hand. The individual's behavior changed after injury; the mean nest-nest active time became significantly shorter than before injury (from 12 h 3 min to 9 h 33 min), the mean waking time became significantly later (0552-0629 hours) and the mean bedtime became significantly earlier (from 1747 to 1603 hours). In the activity budget, resting increased significantly from 28.0 to 53.3%. Traveling and feeding decreased significantly from 23.5 to 12.7% and from 45.6 to 32.8%, respectively. The rate of brachiation during traveling and nest making decreased, whereas ground activity increased from 0 to 9%. We observed one vomiting incident and four occurrences of watery diarrhea during the 7 days before the individual died. The results of an autopsy performed by a local veterinarian suggested that the cause of death was septicemia because of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the severely contaminated wounds. The morphology and distribution of the wounds suggested they had been incurred during an attack by a large animal with fangs and/or claws. This juvenile female became independent of its mother at ~4-5 years of age, slightly earlier than average. This individual might have been vulnerable to predatory attack because of her small body size (~5 kg at death) and lack of the mother's protection.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Stages of change and health-related quality of life among employees of an institution

Liau SY, Shafie AA, Ibrahim MI, Hassali MA, Othman AT, Mohamed MH, et al.

Health Expect, 2013 Jun;16(2):199-210.
PMID: 21645189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00702.x

BACKGROUND: Transtheoretical Model of change has been used successfully in promoting behaviour change.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores with the stages of change of adequate physical activity and fruit and vegetables intake.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among employees of the main campus and Engineering campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) during October 2009 and March 2010.
MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED: Data on physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake was collected using the WHO STEPS instrument for chronic disease risk factors surveillance. The Short Form-12 health survey (SF-12) was used to gather information on participants' HRQoL. The current stages of change are measured using the measures developed by the Pro-Change Behaviour Systems Incorporation.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One way ANOVA and its non-parametric equivalent Kruskal-Wallis were used to compare the differences between SF-12 scores with the stages of change.
RESULTS: A total of 144 employees were included in this analysis. A large proportion of the participants reported inadequate fruits and vegetable intake (92.3%) and physical activity (84.6%). Mean physical and mental component scores of SF-12 were 50.39 (SD = 7.69) and 49.73 (SD = 8.64) respectively. Overall, there was no statistical significant difference in the SF-12 domains scores with regards to the stages of change for both the risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS: There were some evidence of positive relationship between stages of change of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake with SF-12 scores. Further studies need to be conducted to confirm this association.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Effects of life stages and feeding regimes on active movement behavior of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

How YF, Lee CY

J Med Entomol, 2010 May;47(3):305-12.
PMID: 20496576

This study examined the effects of different life stages (first, second, third, fourth, and five instars; adult females and adult males) and feeding regimes (starved and blood fed) on the active movement activity of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), under mixed-stage conditions. We used an extended arena made from Tygon tube coils and observed the movement frequency and movement distance at selected time intervals up to 120 h. The fifth instars and adult males and females showed significantly (P < 0.01) greater movement frequency compared with the other stages. The first and second instars showed limited movement (< 8 m) over the experimental period. Starved bed bugs showed greater movement frequency compared with blood-fed bed bugs, with the exception of adult females. Blood-fed adult females exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) greater movement frequency and distance compared with starved females. Blood-fed females moved up to 42.3 m over 120 h. Regression analysis between movement distance of the fifth instars and adults and the time intervals revealed a positive relationship (r2 = 0.6583; P < 0.01), suggesting that delays in bed bug control efforts will increase the risk of the greater infestation. During bed bug inspection, the presence of only late instars and adults in premises would indicate a new infestation, whereas an established infestation likely would consist of mixed stages.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Mouse model of intracerebellar haemorrhage

Tijjani Salihu A, Muthuraju S, Aziz Mohamed Yusoff A, Ahmad F, Zulkifli Mustafa M, Jaafar H, et al.

Behav Brain Res, 2016 10 01;312:374-84.
PMID: 27327104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.034

The present study aimed to investigate the behavior and neuronal morphological changes in the perihaemorrhagic tissue of the mouse intracerebellar haemorrhage experimental model. Adult male Swiss albino mice were stereotactically infused with collagenase type VII (0.4U/μl of saline) unilaterally in to the cerebellum, following anaesthesia. Motor deficits were assessed using open field and composite score for evaluating the mouse model of cerebellar ataxia at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after collagenase infusion. The animals were sacrificed at the same time interval for evaluation of perihaematomal neuronal degeneration using haematoxylin and eosin staining and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium iodide assay. At the end of the study, it was found that infusion of 0.4U collagenase produces significant locomotor and ataxic deficit in the mice especially within the first week post surgery, and that this gradually improved within three weeks. Neuronal degeneration evident by cytoplasmic shrinkage and nuclear pyknosis was observed at the perihaematomal area after one day; especially at 3 and 7 days post haemorrhage. By 21 days, both the haematoma and degenerating neurons in the perihaematomal area were phagocytosed and the remaining neuronal cells around the scar tissue appeared normal. Moreover, Annexin-V/propidium iodide-positive cells were observed at the perihaematomal area at 3 and 7 days implying that the neurons likely die via apoptosis. It was concluded that a population of potentially salvageable neurons exist in the perihaematomal area after cerebellar haemorrhage throughout a wide time window that could be amenable to treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext The Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT)

Sharifah WW, Nur HH, Ruzita AT, Roslee R, Reilly JJ

Malays J Nutr, 2011 Aug;17(2):229-36.
PMID: 22303576 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: The present study describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on a novel, generalisable intervention for childhood obesity, comparing the intervention with a no-treatment control group.
METHOD: The Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT) was a single-blind RCT of a dietetic treatment for childhood obesity in children of primary school age (7 to 11 years old) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The MASCOT comprising eight sessions, of an 8-hour family-centred group treatment programme is described, based on behavioural change techniques. The study sample was characterised by BMI z-score, health related quality of life reported by participants and their parents (PedsQL questionnaire), objectively measured habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour (Actigraph accelerometry)
RESULTS: The MASCOT sample of 107 children was characterised by a low quality of life, mean total score on PedsQL 67.7 (4.5) as reported by the children, and 66.0 (16.4) as reported by their parents. The children spent, on average, 89% of their waking day on sedentary activity, and 1% of the day in moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity, equivalent to only around 8 minutes/day.
CONCLUSION: Obese children in the MASCOT study had an impaired quality of life, high levels of sedentary behaviour and very low levels of physical activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext A randomised controlled trial of a facebook-based physical activity intervention for government employees with metabolic syndrome

Chee, H.P., Hazizi, A.S., Barakatun Nisak, M.Y., Mohd Nasir, M.T.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(2):165-181.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study aimed to ascertain the effects of a Facebook-based physical activity intervention on improvements in step counts and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Government employees with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned by cluster to the Facebook group (n = 44) or the control group (n = 103). All participants were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires at baseline, after the first and second phases. Data from anthropometric (weight, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio), biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose) and clinical examinations (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) were collected. The number of steps per day was determined by a Lifecorder e- STEP accelerometer. Results: A significant difference in the number of steps per day between the baseline and the first phase (p

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Association between anthropometric status, dietary intake and physical activity with bone health status among premenopausal Chinese women in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Yee, Y.S.S., Zaitun, Y., Chan, Y.M., Norhaizan, M.E.

Malays J Nutr, 2013;19(3):293-302.
MyJurnal

Introduction: There is a lack of information on bone health status of premenopausal women in Malaysia. This study investigated the bone health status of premenopausal women and its associations with anthropometric, dietary and physical activity. Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and total body. Serum osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta-crosslaps were also determined. Results: A total of 73 Chinese premenopausal women were recruited in the study with a mean age of 39.3 ± 5.0 years. Average BMI, body fat percentage and lean body mass were 22.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2, 33.9 ± 4.6% and 34.5 ± 4.4 kg, respectively. Mean BMD at the spine, total hip, femoral neck, and total body were 1.025 ± 0.118 g/cm2, 0.876 ± 0.109 g/cm2, 0.739 ± 0.110 g/cm2, and 1.061 ± 0.755 g/cm2, respectively. Their serum beta-crosslaps and PTH were within normal range, but serum osteocalcin (8.5 ± 4.2 ng/ ml) was low. On average, calorie intake (1506 ± 427 kcal/ day) was below the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) while their calcium intake achieved only 67% of RNI. Their mean metabolic equivalent score (MET) was 771.4 ± 926.1 min/week. Body weight and related indices (BMI, lean mass, fat mass) were significantly positively correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites. Conclusion: The study revealed that Chinese premenopausal women in the Klang Valley have low calcium intake and low level of physical activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Comparison of fruits and vegetables intake and physical activity between hypercholesterolemic adults and non- hypercholesterolemic adults in Malaysia

Teh, C.Y., Yeo, P.S., Chan, Y.Y., Lim, K.K., Kee, C.C., Azli, B., et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(2):221-235.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is an important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease. Lifestyle changes in diet and physical activity can improve cholesterol levels. This study aimed to compare the fruits and vegetables (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) between hypercholesterolemic adults and non- hypercholesterolemic adults in Malaysia, and to investigate factors associated with meeting the recommended levels of FV intake and PA in a hyper- cholesterolemic population. Methods: This study was based on 17,988 participants (response rate 98.7%) aged 18 years and above who responded to the hypercholesterolemia questionnaire in the 2011 Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), a cross-sectional study with two-stage stratified sampling design. Data were obtained by trained enumerators via face-to-face interviews and were analysed by descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Out of the total population assessed, 39.0% had hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of consuming five or more servings of FV per day is low (7.8%) while 36.0% were physically inactive among the hypercholesterolemic adults. No significant differences were observed in FV intake and PA between hypercholesterolemic and non-hypercholesterolemic populations. Gender, age and educational levels were associated with FV intake and PA among hypercholesterolemic adults. Hypercholesterolemic adults who were underweight or obese were less likely to consume FV, while those who were former smokers and those who had diabetes and heart disease were less likely to be physically active. Conclusion: These findings are relevant for future health promotion strategies, suggesting that more intensive interventions are needed to increase FV intake and PA level in hypercholesterolemic population and in the general population.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2011)

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Dietetic practices in the management of childhood obesity in Malaysia

Nor Baizura, M.Y., Ting, T.H., Zalilah, M.S., Ruzita, A.T., Spurrier, N.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(2):255-269.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Dietitians play an essential role in the management of childhood obesity and consistency in dietetic practices is required to ensure the effectiveness of treatment. This study assessed dietitians’ current practices in the management of childhood obesity, compared the practices with nutrition practice guidelines used by dietitians in other countries and identified practice components for the development of nutrition practice guidelines for the management of childhood obesity in Malaysia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 dietitians in 16 Ministry of Health hospitals and three teaching hospitals. Information on current dietetic practices in the management of childhood obesity was obtained through a mailed survey questionnaire. The practices included nutritional assessment, determination of energy requirement, dietary prescription and physical activity modification. Emails were sent to 31 dietetic associations in other countries to obtain information on practice guidelines used by dietitians.
Results: Frequently used dietary intervention and physical activity modification approaches were high fibre diet (65%), low fat diet (40%), reduction of sedentary pursuits and screen times (67.5%) and an increase in duration of current physical activities (60%). In comparison to other dietetic practice guidelines, the current dietetic practices in Malaysia do not usually include waist circumference, biochemical and blood pressure data. However, similar to other guidelines, the current dietetic practices included low dietary fat, high fibre diet, decreased sedentary activity and increased physical activity level.
Conclusions: The dietetic practices in the management of childhood obesity in Malaysia are diverse. A comprehensive nutrition practice guideline for management of childhood obesity is urgently needed for standardisation of dietetic practices in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender

Molanorouzi K, Khoo S, Morris T

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:66.
PMID: 25637384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1429-7

Background: In recent years, there has been a decline in physical activity among adults. Motivation has been shown to be a crucial factor in maintaining physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether motives for participation could accurately discriminate gender, age, and type of physical activity.
Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed. The Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS) was used to assess motives for physical activity in 1,360 adults (703 males, 657 females) who had been exercising regularly for at least six months. The PALMS consists of 40 items that constitute eight sub-scales (mastery, enjoyment, psychological condition, physical condition, appearance, others' expectations, affiliation, competition/ego). Respondents were divided into two age groups (young adults aged 20 to 40 years and middle-aged adults 41 to 64 years) and five types of activity (individual racing sports plus bowls, team sports, racquet sports, martial arts, and exercise).
Results: The group discriminant function analyses revealed significant canonical functions correctly classifying the cases into gender (82%), age group (83%), team sport players 76%, individual racing sport plus bowls players 91%, racquet sport players 90%, exercisers 84%, and martial art players 91%. The competition/ego, appearance, physical condition, and mastery sub-scales contributed most to gender differences. Five sub-scales (mastery, psychological condition, others' expectations, affiliation, and enjoyment) contributed most to the discriminant function for age. For type of activity, different sub-scales were the strongest contributors to the discriminant function for each type of PA.
Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that strong and important motives for participation in physical activity are different across type of activity, age, and gender in adults. Understanding the motives that influence physical activity participation is critical for developing interventions to promote higher levels of involvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity
Fulltext Obesity and habitual physical activity level among staffs working in a military hospital in Malacca, Malaysia

Ayiesah, R., Leonard, J.H., Vijaykumar, P., Mohd Suhaimy, R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(1):53-58.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a major public health concern due to lack of physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out to determine the status of body mass index (BMI) and habitual physical activity level among staffs working in Military Hospital, Malacca using Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (HPAQ). Results: About 120 HPAQ were distributed and only 82 responded with 23(28%) of them males and 59 (72%) females, aged between 21 to 59 (40.52 ± 9.38) years old. Anthropometry analysis showed the mean weight of male respondents was 79.48 (± 16.33) and 70.95 (± 15.66) for the females. Body mass index (BMI) for males (33.61 ± 2.82) was almost similar to females ( 33.20± 2.95).The mean waist circumference of men was 93.26 (± 10.94)cm compared to 94.03 (± 11.98)cm in the females. Following categorization of BMI, 59% (n=48) are in the obese group, 24% (n=20) are overweight and only 17% (n=14) have an ideal body weight or normal BMI. Relationship between BMI and HPAQ demonstrated strong and significant correlation coefficient for habitual physical activity at work (r = 0.775, p < 0.001), sports (r = 0.735, p < 0.05) and leisure ( r = 0.713, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The staffs working in the Hospital demonstrated poor habitual physical activity which explains for the high incidence of obesity among the staffs. This requires measures to be taken to promote a healthier lifestyle among them.

Matched MeSH terms: Motor Activity

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