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Schizophrenia relapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: do relatives' expressed emotion and personality traits matter?

Roseliza-Murni A, Oei TP, Fatimah Y, Asmawati D

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55(1):188-98.
PMID: 23374905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.026

Schizophrenia which is perhaps the most disabling and puzzling form of a mental disorder is often conceptualized as 'gila' (lunacy or madness) by the Malaysian society. The debilitating nature of the disorder and recurrent relapse of its psychotic episodes have often been misunderstood and lead to confusion among the family members, who play the role as primary caregivers. While expressed emotion (EE) has been widely studied in the Western world, it is not well understood in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Brain activity elicited by reward and reward omission in individuals with psychopathic traits: An ERP study

Salim MA, van der Veen FM, van Dongen JD, Franken IH

Biol Psychol, 2015 Sep;110:50-8.
PMID: 26188154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.001

Psychopathy has been associated with behavioral adaptation deficits, which might be associated with problems in feedback and reward processing. In the present study, we examined the relation between psychopathic traits and reward processing in a passive gambling task. A total of 39 male participants who scored high (HP) and 39 male participants who scored low (LP) on the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), total score were tested. Feedback-related Event-Related Potentials (ERPs; i.e., P2, FRN, and P3) on predicted and unpredicted rewards and reward omissions were compared between both groups. It was found that in HP individuals, the P2 was enhanced for predicted rewards and reward omissions, but not for unpredicted stimuli. Moreover, HP individuals as compared to the LP individuals demonstrated a generally reduced P3 amplitude. The FRN amplitude, however, did not differ between the two groups. In addition, HP individuals showed enhanced reward sensitivity on the self-report level. Taken together, these findings suggest that HP individuals show enhanced sensitivity to early and reduced sensitivity to later markers of processing reinforcement learning signals, which points in the direction of compromised behavioral adaptation.

Matched MeSH terms: Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology*
Sex differences in creative perceptions of Malaysian students

Palaniappan AK

Percept Mot Skills, 2000 Dec;91(3 Pt 1):970-2.
PMID: 11153876

Scores for creative perception of 101 boys and 69 girls on What Kind of Person Are You and Something About Myself were not significant for overall scores on both measures, but boys obtained somewhat higher means on Initiative than girls. Further replications on similar samples are needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data
Job-related motivational factors among Malaysian employees

Manshor AT, Abdullah A

Psychol Rep, 2002 Dec;91(3 Pt 2):1187-93.
PMID: 12585535

This study identified job-related motivational factors among Malaysian employees in several telecommunication companies. Responses were obtained from 1,179 employees at all levels up to senior managers and six different functional divisions, sales and marketing, human resources, finance, technical, information, technology, and support division. All employees were asked to rate the importance of Kovach's 10 job-motivational factors. These factors were good wages, job security, opportunity for career growth in the organization, good working conditions, interesting work, company loyalty to employees, tactful discipline, full appreciation of work done, sympathetic help with personal problems, and feeling of being involved in the organization. The top five factors employees identified as motivating them in their jobs were good wages, job security, company loyalty to employees, good working conditions, and full appreciation for work done. Findings were in accordance with Kovach for U.S. employees, in which the top motivational factors were good wages and job security.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data
Preliminary study of the bilingual version of the self-actualization value subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory

Palaniappan AK

Percept Mot Skills, 1994 Dec;79(3 Pt 2):1625-6.
PMID: 7870556

A bilingual version of Shostrom's Self-actualization Value subscale of the Personal Orientation Inventory was administered to 62 Malaysian students. For the 26-item paired-opposite inventory, test-retest reliability over 6 mo. was .39 (for boys .42, for girls .37) and criterion validity was .57. Replication with other groups is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Preliminary study of the bilingual version of the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory

Palaniappan AK

Percept Mot Skills, 1993 Dec;77(3 Pt 1):948-50.
PMID: 8284182

A bilingual version of the Khatena-Torrance Creative Perception Inventory was given to 70 Malaysian students. The two 50-item subscales, 'Something About Myself' and 'What Kind of Person Are You?", require the respondent to choose one of two alternatives. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity indices for this version suggest the bilingual form is suitable to assess the creative perception of these students. Replication with other groups is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
A probe into reasons for international migration in Fujian Province

Zhu G

Chin J Popul Sci, 1990;2(3):229-46.
PMID: 12284987
Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Fulltext Focus group discussions on female genital cutting

Siti Nur Afiqah Zahari, Yufu Iguchi, Abdul Rashid

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):18-18.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Female Genital Cutting (FGC) is a sensitive issue as this topic is always associated with religion and culture in Malaysia. In the past, FGC is performed by the traditional midwives. However, this practice has been med-icalized nowadays. This study aimed to understand the reasons of performing FGC, the decision making, the practice and the future of FGC among rural community in Northern Malaysia. Methods: Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted on three groups of young women aged 18-45, older women aged 45 and above and a group of married adult men. All of them were Malay Muslims who were conveniently selected from a rural village in Northern Malay-sia. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct the FGD focusing on the reasons, decision making, the practice and the future of FGC. Data was collected until saturation of information was achieved. These participants were chosen based on their willingness to take part in the discussion and also based on their personality of being talkative and able to give feedback to the questions. Results: The result of the interviews revealed that religion is the reason of practicing FGC. All of the participants from each FGD prefer to go to the doctor in the clinic compared to the traditional midwives. The men in this FGD mentioned that they rarely involved in the decision making of the FGC and only the mother or the grandmother to take the responsibility to decide. Conclusion: Generally, majority Malay Muslims community from the rural areas in Northern Malaysia believed that FGC is compulsory in Islam and they prefer to go to the doctors to perform FGC.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality; Personality Disorders
Comparative study of trait emotional intelligence and executive functioning among youth

Alavi M, Mehrinezhad SA, Amini D, Ninggal MT, Latif AA

J Gen Psychol, 2019 01 07;146(1):50-67.
PMID: 30612531 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1535484

This study investigated the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and executive skills (ESs), and the differences between TEI and ESs among Malaysian and Iranian youths. In this study, 226 Malaysians and 248 Iranians completed the TEIQue-SF and Executive Skills Questionnaire. Hypotheses were tested with Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings indicated that TEI had significant predictions on ESs, depending on cultural contexts. Significant differences were found in the effects of TEI on ESs, including emotional control, metacognition, goal-directed persistence, response inhibition, planning/prioritization, sustained attention, stress tolerance, task initiation, and working memory among Malaysian and Iranian youth. No significant difference was found in the effects of TEI on ESs, including flexibility, organization, and time management across both groups. This study makes a unique contribution to emotional intelligence and executive functioning research literature by considering several ESs at the same time for personal development and promoting healthier lives. Comparison of the effect of TEI on ESs in the Malaysian and Iranian contexts using advanced analysis methods is one of the most important methodological contributions of the study.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality/physiology*
Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study

Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J, Lucas-Molina B, Debbané M, Chan RCK, Cicero DC, et al.

Schizophr Res, 2018 07;197:182-191.
PMID: 29113776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043

The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) was developed with the aim of examining variations in healthy trait schizotypy, as well as latent vulnerability to psychotic-spectrum disorders. No previous study has studied the cross-cultural validity of the SPQ-B in a large cross-national sample. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the reliability and the internal structure of SPQ-B scores in a multinational sample of 28,426 participants recruited from 14 countries. The mean age was 22.63years (SD=7.08; range 16-68years), 37.7% (n=10,711) were men. The omega coefficients were high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SPQ-B items were grouped either in a theoretical structure of three first-order factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized) or in a bifactor model (three first-order factors plus a general factor of schizotypal personality). In addition, the results supported configural but not strong measurement invariance of SPQ-B scores across samples. These findings provide new information about the factor structure of schizotypal personality, and support the validity and utility of the SPQ-B, a brief and easy tool for assessing self-reported schizotypal traits, in cross-national research. Theoretical and clinical implications for diagnostic systems, psychosis models, and cross-national mental health strategies are derived from these results.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality; Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Fulltext Bio-psychological perspectives of eating disorders and obesity: a revisited

Ainsah Omar, Osman Che Bakar

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;9(1):33-41.
MyJurnal

Food is closely related with emotion. It often provides comfort and satisfaction. Some individuals choose to turn to food to curb their negative emotion, resulting in disturbances in
eating patterns, such as overeating which lead to obesity and severely controlling food intake, which culminate in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating. These disorders are not related to the eating problems per se but often due to underlying or complicated by psychological factors, namely depression, anxiety, impulse control problems and personality. The roles of psychological factors in eating disorders and obesity should therefore not be downplayed. These disorders should be managed comprehensively involving multiple approaches, including not only biological but also psychological interventions provided by a professional team comprising endocrinologists, psychiatrists, dietitians, exercise physicians and surgeons.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality; Personality Disorders
Fulltext Associated factors of sex offenders

Norliza, C., Salina, A.A., Hatta, M.S., Mohaad Adam, B.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):27-36.
MyJurnal

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors for sex offenders. Methods: This is a cross sectional study comparing two groups using a combination of survey methodology and personal interviews. The data was collected over a period of six months from January 2004 until June 2004. All convicted sex offenders in respective prisons who are available until July 2004 was included in the study. A control group of non-sex offenders were chosen from the same prisons. The non-sex offenders were matched to the sex offenders group in term of the length of their sentence. Data was gathered using the self generated questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R, SCID and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaires. Results: Religion, education level, history of physical abuse and no history of substance abuse and dependence towards sex offenders. Conclusion: Offenders who only committed sexual offences have some characteristics which differ from other sex offenders who committed non sexual offences as well. Low or no formal education, had history of physical abuse were associated with sex offenders. No history of substance abuse and dependence were associated with no sex offenders.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality; Personality Disorders
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND STRESS LEVELS AMONG SENIOR DENTAL STUDENTS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE

Yusof ZYM, Hassan WNW, Razak IA, Hashim SMN, Tahir MKAM, Keng SB

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2016 Nov;47(6):1353-65.
PMID: 29641164

This study aimed to evaluate the association between dental students’
personality traits and stress levels in relation to dental education programs among
senior dental students in University Malaya (UM) in Malaysia and National University
of Singapore (NUS). A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered
questionnaire was conducted on UM and NUS senior dental students. The questionnaire
comprised items on demographic background, the Big Five Inventory
Personality Traits (BFIPT) test and a modified Dental Environment Stress (DES)
scale. Rasch analysis was used to convert raw data to interval scores. Analyses
were done by t-test, Pearson correlation, and Hierarchical regression statistics.
The response rate was 100% (UM=132, NUS=76). Personality trait Agreeableness
(mean=0.30) was significantly more prevalent among UM than NUS students
(mean=0.15, p=0.016). In NUS, Neuroticism (mean=0.36) was significantly more
prevalent than in UM (mean=0.14, p=0.002). The DES mean score was higher
among NUS (mean=0.23) than UM students (mean=0.07). In UM, Neuroticism
was significantly correlated with stress levels (r=0.338, p<0.001). In NUS, these
were Neuroticism (r=0.278, p=0.015), Agreeableness (r=0.250, p=0.029) and Conscientiousness
(r=-0.242, p=0.035) personality traits. The correlation was strongest
for personality trait Neuroticism in both schools. Hierarchical regression analysis
showed that gender and Neuroticism were significant predictors for students’
stress levels (p<0.05) with the latter exerting a bigger effect size (R2=0.18) than
gender (R2=004). This study showed that gender and Neuroticism personality
trait were significant predictors for stress levels among selected groups of dental
students in Southeast Asia. Information on students’ personality may be useful in
new students’ intake, stress management counseling and future program reviews.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and their association with alcoholism risk, personality and anthropometric traits among Malaysian university students

Ong HH, Khor FV, Balasupramaniam K, Say YH

Psychol Health Med, 2018 Feb;23(2):160-170.
PMID: 28610454 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1338737

Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol-metabolizing genes - ADH1B (Arg47His), ADH1C (Ile350Val) and ALDH2 (Glu504Lys) have been extensively associated with flush reaction and alcoholism. Therefore, we investigated the association of these three SNPs with alcohol-induced reactions (AIRs), alcoholism risk, personality and anthropometric traits among Malaysian university students. AIRs, Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) and Ten-Item Personality were surveyed, anthropometric measurements and DNA samples were taken. Among 264 valid drinkers (111 males, 153 females; 229 ethnic Chinese, 35 ethnic Indians), the minor allele frequencies for ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH2 among Chinese/Indians were .45/.07, .33/.40, .32/.41, respectively; distribution of ADH1B alleles significantly different between ethnicities. Current/former experiences of flushing, hives, heart palpitations after alcohol consumption; and sleepiness, headache reactions, early and overall SRE were significantly different between ethnicities and genders, respectively. Overall SRE score was associated with ADH1C and ALDH2 alleles. 'Openness to Experiences' was associated with ALDH2 genotypes and alleles; Glu/Glu or Glu carriers showed significantly higher means. ADH1B Arg/Arg and Arg carriers showed significantly higher total body and subcutaneous fats but association was abolished after controlling for ethnicity. In conclusion, gender and ethnicity, but not alcohol-metabolizing gene variants, play a role in influencing the manifestation of AIRs.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality/genetics*
The relationship between Type D personality and insomnia

Akram U, McCarty K, Akram A, Gardani M, Tan A, Villarreal D, et al.

Sleep Health, 2018 08;4(4):360-363.
PMID: 30031529 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.04.005

OBJECTIVES: Type D personality is characterized by the combination of social inhibition and negative affectivity. This study examined the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia symptoms amongst a sample of the general-population.
METHODS: Adults from the general-population (n = 392) completed online measures of Type D personality (DS14) and insomnia severity.
RESULTS: Individuals with the Type D personality trait reported significantly greater symptoms of insomnia relative to Non-Type Ds. Moreover, insomnia-symptoms were independently related to negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) and the Type D interaction (i.e. synergistic product of SI and NA). Linear regression analysis determined that NA but not SI significantly predicted insomnia symptoms after controlling for age and sex. However, after accounting for the Type D interaction, negative affectivity remained the only significant predictor of insomnia-symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The Type D personality type appears to be related to insomnia-symptoms, both as a categorical and dimensional construct. These outcomes support prior research evidencing that whilst Type D personality is related to poor sleep in adolescents, NA appears to be the main contributor.

Matched MeSH terms: Type D Personality*
Fulltext The associations between behavioral-psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and coping strategy, burden of care and personality style among low-income caregivers of patients with dementia

Baharudin AD, Din NC, Subramaniam P, Razali R

BMC Public Health, 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):447.
PMID: 31196141 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6868-0

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to determine the association between Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden, and the mediating role of coping strategy and personality style of caregivers to patients with dementia (PWD).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 caregivers to PWD in home-based settings. Recruited caregivers were administered questionnaires regarding BPSD which was measured using Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), caregiver burden using Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Brief COPE for coping strategies and Big-Five Inventory which measured personality traits.
RESULTS: Majority of the caregivers were female (71.3%), aged 50 and above (55%), single (46%), married (43.6%), working full time (45%) while the rest work part time (22.3%), unemployed (7.4%) and retiree (25.2%), and majority were parents (58.9%) and spouse (18.3%). The duration of caregiving was less than a year (33.7%) while the rest are more than a year. Results demonstrated that the most frequent types of BPSD exhibited by PWD was irritability, followed by apathy and agitation. All of the types of BPSD showed to be significantly correlated to caregiver burden except for anxiety, elation and appetite. Of personality traits, only conscientiousness was found to mediate the relationship between BPSD and caregiver burden (p

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Fulltext Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the psychological disorder among premature ejaculation subjects

Quek KF, Atiya AS, Heng NGC, Beng CC

Int J Impot Res, 2007 May-Jun;19(3):321-5.
PMID: 17136103 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901528

Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual dysfunction among the general population. PE has often been associated with a psychological state of mind. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) can be used as an instrument to assess the emotional and psychological state. The present study was designed to assess the reliability and validity of the HADS in a Malaysian population. The validity and reliability were studied in subjects with and without PE. Test-retest methodology was used to assess the reliability whereas Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the internal consistency. In the control and the PE groups, the internal consistency was good and a high degree of internal consistency was observed for all 14 items. In the control group, the Cronbach's alpha values at baseline were from 0.811 to 0.834, whereas for retest, the Cronbach's alpha values were from 0.821-0.838 items. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high for the control (0.797-0.868: baseline and 0.805-0.872: retest) and PE group (0.822-0.906: baseline and 0.785-0.887: retest). The high value of ICC and the internal consistency was due to high reliability and consistency of the items at 2-week interval. A degree of significance between the baseline and week-2 scores was observed across all items in the PE group but not in the control group. The HADS is a suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive instrument to measure the clinical change for anxiety and depression in the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/standards*
Cross-Situational Self-Consistency in Nine Cultures: The Importance of Separating Influences of Social Norms and Distinctive Dispositions

Locke KD, Church AT, Mastor KA, Curtis GJ, Sadler P, McDonald K, et al.

Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2017 Jul;43(7):1033-1049.
PMID: 28903706 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217704192

We assessed self-consistency (expressing similar traits in different situations) by having undergraduates in the United States ( n = 230), Australia ( n = 220), Canada ( n = 240), Ecuador ( n = 101), Mexico ( n = 209), Venezuela ( n = 209), Japan ( n = 178), Malaysia ( n = 254), and the Philippines ( n = 241) report the traits they expressed in four different social situations. Self-consistency was positively associated with age, well-being, living in Latin America, and not living in Japan; however, each of these variables showed a unique pattern of associations with various psychologically distinct sources of raw self-consistency, including cross-situationally consistent social norms and injunctions. For example, low consistency between injunctive norms and trait expressions fully explained the low self-consistency in Japan. In accord with trait theory, after removing normative and injunctive sources of consistency, there remained robust distinctive noninjunctive self-consistency (reflecting individuating personality dispositions) in every country, including Japan. The results highlight how clarifying the determinants and implications of self-consistency requires differentiating its distinctive, injunctive, and noninjunctive components.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Mental Toughness Inventory Among Australian, Chinese, and Malaysian Athletes: A Bayesian Estimation Approach

Gucciardi DF, Zhang CQ, Ponnusamy V, Si G, Stenling A

J Sport Exerc Psychol, 2016 Apr;38(2):187-202.
PMID: 27390084 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2015-0320

The aims of this study were to assess the cross-cultural invariance of athletes' self-reports of mental toughness and to introduce and illustrate the application of approximate measurement invariance using Bayesian estimation for sport and exercise psychology scholars. Athletes from Australia (n = 353, Mage = 19.13, SD = 3.27, men = 161), China (n = 254, Mage = 17.82, SD = 2.28, men = 138), and Malaysia (n = 341, Mage = 19.13, SD = 3.27, men = 200) provided a cross-sectional snapshot of their mental toughness. The cross-cultural invariance of the mental toughness inventory in terms of (a) the factor structure (configural invariance), (b) factor loadings (metric invariance), and (c) item intercepts (scalar invariance) was tested using an approximate measurement framework with Bayesian estimation. Results indicated that approximate metric and scalar invariance was established. From a methodological standpoint, this study demonstrated the usefulness and flexibility of Bayesian estimation for single-sample and multigroup analyses of measurement instruments. Substantively, the current findings suggest that the measurement of mental toughness requires cultural adjustments to better capture the contextually salient (emic) aspects of this concept.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Cross-cultural similarities and differences in the experience of awe

Razavi P, Zhang JW, Hekiert D, Yoo SH, Howell RT

Emotion, 2016 Dec;16(8):1097-1101.
PMID: 27632153

Current research on awe is limited to Western cultures. Thus, whether the measurement, frequency, and consequences of awe will replicate across non-Western cultures remains unanswered. To address this gap, we validated the dispositional awe scale (Shiota, Keltner, & John, 2006) in 4 countries (United States, Iran, Malaysia, and Poland; N = 1,173) with extensive variations in cultural values (i.e., power distance) and personality profiles (i.e., extraversion and openness). Multigroup factor analyses demonstrated that, across all cultures, a 3-factor model that treats awe, amusement, and pride as 3 unique emotions is superior to a single-factor model that clusters all 3 emotions together. Structurally, the scales of awe, amusement and pride were invariant across all countries. Furthermore, we found significant country-level differences in dispositional awe, with the largest discrepancy between the United States and Iran (d = 0.79); these differences are not likely due to cultural response biases. Results are discussed in terms of possible explanations for country-level differences and suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*

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