Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study

Fonseca-Pedrero E 1 , Ortuño-Sierra J 2 , Lucas-Molina B 3 , Debbané M 4 , Chan RCK 5 , Cicero DC 6 Show all authors , Zhang LC 7 , Brenner C 7 , Barkus E 8 , Linscott RJ 9 , Kwapil T 10 , Barrantes-Vidal N 11 , Cohen A 12 , Raine A 13 , Compton MT 14 , Tone EB 15 , Suhr J 16 , Bobes J 17 , Fumero A 18 , Giakoumaki S 19 , Tsaousis I 19 , Preti A 20 , Chmielewski M 21 , Laloyaux J 22 , Mechri A 23 , Lahmar MA 23 , Wuthrich V 24 , Larøi F 22 , Badcock JC 25 , Jablensky A 26 , Barron D 27 , Swami V 28 , Tran US 29 , Voracek M 29

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: eduardo.fonseca@unirioja.es
  • 2 Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
  • 3 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  • 4 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
  • 5 Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 6 Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
  • 7 Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 8 School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
  • 9 Department of Psychology,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  • 10 Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
  • 11 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • 12 Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, LA, USA
  • 13 Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry,and Psychology,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • 14 Department of Psychiatry, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
  • 15 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
  • 16 Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
  • 17 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain
  • 18 Department of Psychology, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
  • 19 Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
  • 20 Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy
  • 21 Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
  • 22 Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 23 Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
  • 24 Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
  • 25 Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
  • 26 Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
  • 27 Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
  • 28 Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
  • 29 Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Schizophr Res, 2018 07;197:182-191.
PMID: 29113776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043

Abstract

The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) was developed with the aim of examining variations in healthy trait schizotypy, as well as latent vulnerability to psychotic-spectrum disorders. No previous study has studied the cross-cultural validity of the SPQ-B in a large cross-national sample. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the reliability and the internal structure of SPQ-B scores in a multinational sample of 28,426 participants recruited from 14 countries. The mean age was 22.63years (SD=7.08; range 16-68years), 37.7% (n=10,711) were men. The omega coefficients were high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SPQ-B items were grouped either in a theoretical structure of three first-order factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized) or in a bifactor model (three first-order factors plus a general factor of schizotypal personality). In addition, the results supported configural but not strong measurement invariance of SPQ-B scores across samples. These findings provide new information about the factor structure of schizotypal personality, and support the validity and utility of the SPQ-B, a brief and easy tool for assessing self-reported schizotypal traits, in cross-national research. Theoretical and clinical implications for diagnostic systems, psychosis models, and cross-national mental health strategies are derived from these results.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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