MyMedR

Fulltext Young Lady with Bilateral Yellowish Lesions on Her Eyelids

Ishak A, Mohd Yusoff SS, Wan Abdullah W

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):44-46.

A 26-year-old woman with an unknown medical illness presented with yellowish skin lesions around both eyes, visible for the past 4 years. The lesions were neither itchy nor tender and had increased gradually in size. She had neither constitutional nor hyperthyroidism symptoms. She is the youngest out of four siblings, and none of her family members have cardiovascular disease or similar problems. Upon examination, there were bilateral yellowish plaques over the periorbital region. Her body mass index (BMI) was 23.8 kg/m2. Her vital signs were all normal at every visit.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext You need the operation, sign the consent: a case report on mental capacity assessment

Thong Kai Shin, Seed, Hon Fei

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;27(1):0-0.

MyJurnal

Decision making capacity is the basis for medical decision making. A person’s right to determine his or her own health care related decision has long been established and this forms the essence of medical treatment. This fundamental right extends to patients with mental health disorder who have the capacity to make such decisions. Where a mental disorder is evident, our experiences in the local settings suggested that clinicians are inclined to state that incapacity to decide for medical treatment is present without much assessment or exploration and explanation on the proposed treatment. Many patients with mental disorder in fact are capable at making decisions related to health care. Their rights to decide on medical treatment should be respected and not to be ignored.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext You look familiar: how Malaysian Chinese recognize faces

Tan CB, Stephen ID, Whitehead R, Sheppard E

PLoS One, 2012;7(1):e29714.

PMID: 22253762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029714

East Asian and white Western observers employ different eye movement strategies for a variety of visual processing tasks, including face processing. Recent eye tracking studies on face recognition found that East Asians tend to integrate information holistically by focusing on the nose while white Westerners perceive faces featurally by moving between the eyes and mouth. The current study examines the eye movement strategy that Malaysian Chinese participants employ when recognizing East Asian, white Western, and African faces. Rather than adopting the Eastern or Western fixation pattern, Malaysian Chinese participants use a mixed strategy by focusing on the eyes and nose more than the mouth. The combination of Eastern and Western strategies proved advantageous in participants' ability to recognize East Asian and white Western faces, suggesting that individuals learn to use fixation patterns that are optimized for recognizing the faces with which they are more familiar.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Yersinia enterocolitica infection: first case report from Malaysia

Jegathesan M, Paramasivam T, Rajagopalan K, Loo LK

Trop Geogr Med, 1984 Jun;36(2):207-10.

PMID: 6382726

The first case report of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in Malaysia is presented. The patient was a 34-year-old Indian woman who had a four day history of fever, abdominal pain and cough and loose stools for 2 days. She was diagnosed and treated as a case, initially of bacillary dysentery, and then of urban typhus. She responded to tetracycline therapy. Bacteriological examination eventually resulted in the isolation and identification of Yersinia enterocolitica, serotype 0:3. This case indicates the presence of the infection in Malaysia although the incidence is probably very low. This appears to be the situation in 'warm' countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Yaws revisited

Gip LS

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Dec;44(4):307-11.

PMID: 2520039

An outbreak of yaws consisting of ten active cases in Baling is described. Yaws should be suspected and considered in the differential diagnosis of sores in the limbs of children living in rural areas. The clinical features of yaws are highlighted to help in the recognition of the condition for those unfamiliar with the condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Yaws in Malaysia

Lo EK

Rev. Infect. Dis., 1985 5 1;7 Suppl 2:S251-3.

PMID: 4012167

In 1954, with the assistance of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, a campaign against yaws was initiated in Malaysia with the formation of a yaws elimination unit in the Ministry of Health. Between 1954 and 1975, the reported annual incidence of yaws fell from 140.85 to 1.25 per 100,000 population. When rates dropped to less than two per 100,000, the program was merged with the general health services. Currently when cases are reported, contacts are traced, school and village surveys are carried out, and appropriate treatment is given. The major problems facing the control program today are a loss of interest in control activities; a smaller number of health workers experienced in the diagnosis, management, and control of the disease; and a growing reluctance to treat asymptomatic contacts with penicillin for fear of anaphylactoid reactions. Despite these problems, it is not an unreasonable expectation that, with continued stimulation from the individuals responsible for infectious disease control, yaws will eventually be eliminated.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders

Pinotti T, Bergström A, Geppert M, Bawn M, Ohasi D, Shi W, et al.

Curr Biol, 2019 01 07;29(1):149-157.e3.

PMID: 30581024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029

The Americas were the last inhabitable continents to be occupied by humans, with a growing multidisciplinary consensus for entry 15-25 thousand years ago (kya) from northeast Asia via the former Beringia land bridge [1-4]. Autosomal DNA analyses have dated the separation of Native American ancestors from the Asian gene pool to 23 kya or later [5, 6] and mtDNA analyses to ∼25 kya [7], followed by isolation ("Beringian Standstill" [8, 9]) for 2.4-9 ky and then a rapid expansion throughout the Americas. Here, we present a calibrated sequence-based analysis of 222 Native American and relevant Eurasian Y chromosomes (24 new) from haplogroups Q and C [10], with four major conclusions. First, we identify three to four independent lineages as autochthonous and likely founders: the major Q-M3 and rarer Q-CTS1780 present throughout the Americas, the very rare C3-MPB373 in South America, and possibly the C3-P39/Z30536 in North America. Second, from the divergence times and Eurasian/American distribution of lineages, we estimate a Beringian Standstill duration of 2.7 ky or 4.6 ky, according to alternative models, and entry south of the ice sheet after 19.5 kya. Third, we describe the star-like expansion of Q-M848 (within Q-M3) starting at 15 kya [11] in the Americas, followed by establishment of substantial spatial structure in South America by 12 kya. Fourth, the deep branches of the Q-CTS1780 lineage present at low frequencies throughout the Americas today [12] may reflect a separate out-of-Beringia dispersal after the melting of the glaciers at the end of the Pleistocene.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Xga blood group in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore

Saha N, Banerjee B

Vox Sang, 1973;24(6):542-4.

PMID: 4722836

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Xanthomatous meningioma: A metaplastic or degenerative phenomenon?

Wong YP, Tan GC, Kumar R

Neuropathology, 2018 Dec;38(6):619-623.

PMID: 30187570 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12511

Xanthomatous changes can be observed in various conditions including primary xanthomatosis that is linked to an underlying hypercholesterolemia and more commonly associated with secondary xanthomatous degenerative processes in neoplasm and chronic inflammation. Meningioma with extensive xanthomatous change is exceedingly rare. The presence of cholesterol clefts within this peculiar meningioma subtype has not been described. Herein, we report an unusual case of xanthomatous meningioma in an 83-year-old normolipidemic woman, who presented to us with worsening lower limb weakness and global aphasia. There was increasing evidence to suggest that the presence of xanthomatous changes in long-standing meningioma is merely a sequela of cellular degeneration rather than true metaplastic change as previously hypothesized. Hence, the diagnosis of "xanthomatous meningioma" in the metaplastic category should be revisited and considered as a distinct histological subtype. The possible histogenesis of such intriguing phenomenon is discussed with a review of the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Xanthomatous Hypophysitis Presenting in an Adolescent Girl: A Long-Term Follow-Up of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Wong JSL, Nasruddin AB, Selveindran NM, Latif KA, Kassim F, Nair SB, et al.

AACE Clin Case Rep, 2021 02 01;7(3):220-225.

PMID: 34095493 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.01.008

Objective: Primary hypophysitis refers to the isolated inflammation of the pituitary gland not associated with other secondary causes. Among its histopathologic subtypes, xanthomatous is the rarest.

Methods: We describe a 22-year-old woman with xanthomatous hypophysitis (XH), its clinical progression over 8 years as well as the treatment effects of prednisolone and azathioprine. Our patient was first referred for severe short stature and delayed puberty at the age of 14 years.

Results: Investigations revealed multiple pituitary deficiencies. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary mass whereby a partial resection was performed. A full resection was not feasible due to the location of the mass. The histopathologic analysis of the tissue was consistent with XH. The results of secondary workout for neoplasm, infection, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders were negative. After surgery, a progressive enlargement of the mass was observed. Two courses of prednisolone were administered with a significant reduction in the mass size. Azathioprine was added due to the unsustained effects of prednisolone when tapered off and the concern of steroid toxicity with continued use. No further increase in the mass size was noted after 6 months on azathioprine.

Conclusion: Glucocorticoid and immunotherapy are treatment options for XH; however, more cases are needed to better understand its pathogenesis and clinical progression.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in ca ski human cervical cancer cells

Yong WK, Abd Malek SN

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:921306.

PMID: 25949267 DOI: 10.1155/2015/921306

We investigate induction of apoptosis by xanthohumol on Ca Ski cervical cancer cell line. Xanthohumol is a prenylated chalcone naturally found in hop plants, previously reported to be an effective anticancer agent in various cancer cell lines. The present study showed that xanthohumol was effective to inhibit proliferation of Ca Ski cells based on IC50 values using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Furthermore, cellular and nuclear morphological changes were observed in the cells using phase contrast microscopy and Hoechst/PI fluorescent staining. In addition, 48-hour long treatment with xanthohumol triggered externalization of phosphatidylserine, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation in the cells. Additionally, xanthohumol mediated S phase arrest in cell cycle analysis and increased activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. On the other hand, Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of cleaved PARP, p53, and AIF increased, while Bcl-2 and XIAP decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings indicate that xanthohumol-induced cell death might involve intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as downregulation of XIAP, upregulation of p53 proteins, and S phase cell cycle arrest in Ca Ski cervical cancer cells. This work suggests that xanthohumol is a potent chemotherapeutic candidate for cervical cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A report of two cases

Yaakub JA, Abdullah MM

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Sep;45(3):263-6.

PMID: 2152092

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis affecting adults and children. Two patients with the disease are reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with reno-colic fistula: A rare complication of urinary tract infection

Onn LV, Bickle I, Chua HB, Telisinghe PU, Chong CF, Chong VH

Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):33-36.

PMID: 29527279

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common presentations in general practice and, in most instances, occurs in a single episode and is easily treated with a course of anti-microbial therapy. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infections, it is important to consider evaluation for any underlying causes. We report the case of a 32 year old female who had recurrent UTIs; this was a case of recurrent UTI secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis from renal stones with resultant reno-colic fistula formation.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a Malaysian population

Koh KB

Singapore Med J, 1993 Aug;34(4):341-2.

PMID: 8266209

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a clinico-pathological entity that is gaining awareness amongst urologists worldwide. It is an unusual chronic inflammatory lesion involving the kidney that destroys renal parenchyma and may mimic renal carcinoma. It is usually seen in middle-aged women and is associated with urinary tract infections and urinary calculi. Most reports and reviews of this condition come from the West; this study reviews the incidence and presentation of the condition in a Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in Malaysians

Yong SL, Prathap K

Aust N Z J Surg, 1977 Apr;47(2):216-20.

PMID: 267467

Eight cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis occurring in an oriental population are reported. The patients were mostly middle-aged, and there was a female preponderence. Nephrectomy controlled the disease in all cases. Diagnosis on clinical and radiological grounds is difficult, and it is often only made on pathological examination of the kidney after nephrectomy. The nature of the disease remains obscure.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism, smoking and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer among Malaysians

Ahmad Aizat AA, Siti Nurfatimah MS, Aminudin MM, Ankathil R

World J Gastroenterol, 2013 Jun 21;19(23):3623-8.

PMID: 23801864 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3623

To investigate the risk association of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) Lys939Gln polymorphism alone and in combination with cigarette smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets--a report of 2 cases and review of literature

Yong SM, Aik S

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:101-4.

PMID: 11200035

We report two cases of x-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets involving a man and his daughter. The family tree consists of 44 members with 13 of them having short stature and bowing of the lower limbs. The study of this family tree strongly suggests an x-linked dominant inheritance.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext X-linked chronic granulomatous disease in a male child with an X-CGD carrier, Klinefelter brother

Gill HK, Kumar HC, Cheng CK, Ming CC, Nallusamy R, Yusoff NM, et al.

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2013 Jun;31(2):167-72.

PMID: 23859418 DOI: 10.12932/AP0274.31.2.2013

BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency (PID) caused by a dysfunctional respiratory burst enzyme NADPH-oxidase. The concurrence of Klinefelter’s Syndrome (KS) and CGD would be extremely rare.
OBJECTIVE: We describe the study of a family where the youngest male child had X-linked CGD (X-CGD) while his older brother was both an X-CGD carrier and a Klinefelter.
METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to study respiratory burst and gp91-phox expression, while genetic investigation was done by RT-PCR, PCR and X-chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) analysis.
RESULTS: The Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay showed the patient’s neutrophils failed to produce a respiratory burst, while both the mother and an older brother showed a bimodal response. gp91-phox expression was absent in the patient’s neutrophils, and bimodal in the mother’s and brother’s neutrophils. The patient’s cDNA showed a C>T change at nucleotide 676 of the CYBB gene. The same change was seen in the patient’s gDNA, while the brother and mother were heterozygous, with C and T, in this position. The c.676C>T is a nonsense mutation that leads to premature termination of the gp91-phox protein. The brother karyotyped as 47, XXY and X chromosome analysis showed that he had inherited both his mother’s X chromosomes.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the patient had gp91-phox deficient CGD while his older brother was a CGD carrier and a Klinefelter, who had inherited both his mother’s X chromosomes. This is the first report of such a concurrence in an individual, and argues for family members to be included in PID studies.
Key words: Chronic granulomatous disease, CYBB, gp91-phox, Klinefelter’s syndrome NADPHoxidase

Matched MeSH terms: Female

X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease predominates in a cohort of multiethnic Malaysian patients

Shahrizaila N, Samulong S, Tey S, Suan LC, Meng LK, Goh KJ, et al.

Muscle Nerve, 2014 Feb;49(2):198-201.

PMID: 23649551 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23892

Data regarding Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is lacking in Southeast Asian populations. We investigated the frequency of the common genetic mutations in a multiethnic Malaysian cohort.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Fulltext X-chromosome association study reveals genetic susceptibility loci of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Zuo XY, Feng QS, Sun J, Wei PP, Chin YM, Guo YM, et al.

Biol Sex Differ, 2019 03 25;10(1):13.

PMID: 30909962 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0227-9

BACKGROUND: The male predominance in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) suggests the contribution of the X chromosome to the susceptibility of NPC. However, no X-linked susceptibility loci have been examined by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for NPC by far.

METHODS: To understand the contribution of the X chromosome in NPC susceptibility, we conducted an X chromosome-wide association analysis on 1615 NPC patients and 1025 healthy controls of Guangdong Chinese, followed by two validation analyses in Taiwan Chinese (n = 562) and Malaysian Chinese (n = 716).

RESULTS: Firstly, the proportion of variance of X-linked loci over phenotypic variance was estimated in the discovery samples, which revealed that the phenotypic variance explained by X chromosome polymorphisms was estimated to be 12.63% (non-dosage compensation model) in males, as compared with 0.0001% in females. This suggested that the contribution of X chromosome to the genetic variance of NPC should not be neglected. Secondly, association analysis revealed that rs5927056 in DMD gene achieved X chromosome-wide association significance in the discovery sample (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89, P = 1.49 × 10-5). Combined analysis revealed rs5927056 for DMD gene with suggestive significance (P = 9.44 × 10-5). Moreover, the female-specific association of rs5933886 in ARHGAP6 gene (OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.47-0.81, P = 4.37 × 10-4) was successfully replicated in Taiwan Chinese (P = 1.64 × 10-2). rs5933886 also showed nominally significant gender × SNP interaction in both Guangdong (P = 6.25 × 10-4) and Taiwan datasets (P = 2.99 × 10-2).

CONCLUSION: Our finding reveals new susceptibility loci at the X chromosome conferring risk of NPC and supports the value of including the X chromosome in large-scale association studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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