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  1. Fulltext Social support and self-care activities among the elderly patients with diabetes in Kelantan
    Siti Khuzaimah AS, Shdaifat EA, Mohd Abd Majid HA, Shohor NA, Ahmad F, Zakaria Z
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(1):34-43.
    PMID: 26425293 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is common among the elderly and can significantly affect their lives including the issues related with social support and diabetic self-care activities.
    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the social support and self-care activities among the elderly patients with diabetes.
    METHODS: A survey involving 200 patients was conducted from March 2013 to May 2013 in three hospitals in Kelantan. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and clinical characteristics were acquired from the patients' records.
    RESULTS: The scores for social support (mean = 19.26; SD = 2.63) and self-care activities (mean = 14.83; SD = 4.92) were moderate. Higher social support was associated with high levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS) level, the duration of diabetes and a decrease in body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). It was observed that the patients with low educational, Hb1Ac and FBS level, with other chronic diseases and who have had diabetes for some time had low self-care activities (p<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between an increase in social support and decrease in self-care activity (p<0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers, family and friends have to strengthen their relationship with the elderly patients with diabetes to provide more social support and promote the compliance with diabetic self-care activities to improve clinical outcomes.
    KEYWORDS: Social support; diabetes; elderly; self-care activities
    Study site: medical and diabetic clinics, three government hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia (Gua Musang Hospital, Kuala Krai Hospital and Machang Hospital).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  2. Disease related knowledge, medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan
    Nazir SU, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Bashir S, Aljadhey H
    Prim Care Diabetes, 2016 Apr;10(2):136-41.
    PMID: 26476867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2015.09.004
    AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of diabetes-related knowledge and treatment adherence with glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pakistan.
    METHODS: The study was designed as a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional analysis. T2DM patients attending a public outpatient clinic in Sargodha, Pakistan, were targeted for the study. In addition to the demographic information, the Urdu version of Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used for data collection. Patients' medical records were reviewed for glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Descriptive statistics were used to elaborate sociodemographic characteristics. The Spearman's Rho correlation was used to measure association of disease-related knowledge and treatment adherence with glycaemic control. SPSS V 20.0 was used for data analysis and p<0.05 was taken as significant.
    RESULT: In total, 392 T2DM patients were included in the study. The mean age (SD) of these patients was 50.77±9.671 years, 56.6% were males and 90% (n=353) of respondents were married. The mean (SD) duration of disease was 5.58 (4.09) years with median HbA1c of 9.00 (IQR=8.20-10.40). The median knowledge score was 8.0 (IQR=6.0-10.0), while the median adherence score was 4.7 (IQR=3.0-6.0). HbA1c had non-significant and weak negative association with diabetes-related knowledge (r=-0.036, p=0.404) and treatment adherence (r=-0.071, p=0.238).
    CONCLUSION: There was negative association reported between HbA1c, treatment adherence and diabetes-related knowledge. Greater efforts are clearly required to investigate other factors affecting glycaemic control among T2DM patients in Pakistan.
    KEYWORDS: Adherence; Correlation; Diabetes-related knowledge; Glycaemic control; Type 2 diabetes
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  3. Factors associated with medical and nursing students' willingness to donate organs
    Tumin M, Tafran K, Tang LY, Chong MC, Mohd Jaafar NI, Mohd Satar N, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2016 Mar;95(12):e3178.
    PMID: 27015207 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003178
    Malaysia suffers from a chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation. Medical and nursing students (MaNS) are future health professionals and thus their attitude toward organ donation is vital for driving national donation rates. This study investigates MaNS' willingness to donate organs upon death and the factors influencing their willingness. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 500 students (264 medical and 236 nursing) at the University of Malaya. A self-administrated questionnaire was used. The responses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. Of all respondents, 278 (55.6%) were willing to donate organs upon death, while the remaining 222 (44.4%) were unwilling to donate. Only 44 (8.8%) had donor cards. The multiple logistic regression revealed that the minorities ethnic group was more willing to donate organs than Malay respondents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.98, P = 0.010). In addition, medical students were more willing to donate than nursing students (aOR = 2.53, P = 0.000). Respondents who have a family member with a donor card were more willing to donate than respondents who do not (aOR = 3.48, P = 0.006). MaNS who believed that their religion permits deceased donation were more willing to donate than their counterparts (aOR = 4.96, P = 0.000). Household income and sex were not significant predictors of MaNS' willingness to donate organs upon death. MaNS have moderate willingness, but low commitment toward deceased organ donation. Strategies for improving MaNS' attitude should better educate them on organ donation, targeting the most the Malay and nursing students, and should consider the influence of family attitude and religious permissibility on MaNS' willingness.
    Study site: University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  4. Fulltext Risk profiles of referred chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary nephrology centre
    Lim CT, R R, A S MZ
    Pak J Med Sci, 2016 Mar-Apr;32(1):27-30.
    PMID: 27022339 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.321.8214
    OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of acute dengue in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre and its correlation with selected haematological and biochemical parameters.
    METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2015. A patient was serologically diagnosed with acute dengue if the dengue virus IgG, IgM or NS-1 antigen was reactive.
    RESULTS: Out of 1,774 patients suspected to have acute dengue, 1,153 were serologically diagnosed with the infection, resulting in a seroprevalence of 64.9%. Dengue-positive patients had a lower mean platelet count (89 × 10(9)/L) compared to the dengue-negative patients (171 × 10(9)/L) (p<0.0001). The mean total white cell count was also lower in the dengue-positive cases (4.7 × 10(9)/L vs. 7.2 × 10(9)/L; p<0.0001). The mean haematocrit was higher in patients with acute dengue (42.5% vs. 40.0%; p<0.0001). Likewise, the serum alanine transaminase level was also higher in patients with acute dengue (108 U/L vs. 54 U/L; p<0.0001).
    CONCLUSIONS: Dengue is very prevalent in UKM Medical Centre as most patients suspected to have acute dengue had serological evidence of the infection. The platelet count was the single most likely parameter to be abnormal (i.e. low) in patients with acute dengue.
    KEYWORDS: DENV; Dengue; IgG; IgM; NS1; Seroprevalence
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  5. Fulltext A cross-sectional assessment of health-related quality of life among type 2 diabetic patients in Pakistan
    Nazir SU, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Bashir S, Hashmi F, Aljadhey H
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jan-Mar;8(1):64-8.
    PMID: 26957872 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171734
    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) profile of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population attending outpatient clinics in Sargodha City, Pakistan.
    METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive survey. T2DM patients attending a tertiary care institute in Sargodha, Pakistan were targeted for the study. The EuroQol EQ-5D was used for the assessment of HRQoL and was scored using values derived from the UK general population survey. Descriptive statistics were used for the elaboration of sociodemographic characteristics. The Chi-square test was used to depict the possible association between study variables and HRQoL. Where significant associations were noted, Phi/Cramer's V was used for data interpretation accordingly. SPSS version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis and P < 0.05 was taken as significant.
    RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-two patients were approached for the study. The cohort was dominated by males (n = 222, 56.60%) with 5.58 ± 4.09 years of history of T2DM. The study highlighted poor HRQoL among the study participants (0.471 ± 0.336). Gender, marital status, education, monthly income, occupation, location and duration of the disease were reported to be significantly associated with HRQoL (P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSION: T2DM imposes a negative effect on HRQoL of the patients. Attention is needed to highlight determinants of HRQoL and to implement policies for better management of T2DM, particularly in early treatment phases where improving HRQoL is still possible.
    KEYWORDS: EQ-5D; Pakistan; health-related quality of life; type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  6. Fulltext Knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicines among pharmacy students of a Malaysian public university
    Jamshed SQ, Khan MU, Ahmad A, Elkalmi RM
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 3 10;8(1):34-8.
    PMID: 26957866 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171686
    BACKGROUND: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is consistently on the rise worldwide. Consumers often consider pharmacists as a major source of information about CAM products and their safety. Due to the limitation of data, it is worth exploring the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of pharmacy students toward CAM.
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of pharmacy students regarding the use of CAM in Malaysia.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months among Bachelor of Pharmacy students in a public sector University of Malaysia. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire, comprised four sections, was used to collect the data from 440 participants. Descriptive analysis was used, and Chi-square test was used to test the association between dependent and independent variables.
    RESULTS: Of 440 questionnaire distributed, 287 were returned giving a response rate of (65.2%). The results showed that 38.6% participants gave correct answers when asked about the use of herbal products with digoxin. Majority of the participants were knowledgeable about supplementary therapy (25.3%) while the lack of knowledge was mostly evident in traditional Chinese medicines (73.7%). Majority of the students were either neutral (49.5%) or disagreed that (42.8%) CAM use is unsafe. Females were more in disagreement to the statements than males (P = 0.007). Majority of students also agreed to use CAM therapies for their health and well-being (51.2%).
    CONCLUSION: The study revealed that pharmacy students did not have adequate knowledge of CAM though their attitudes and perceptions were relatively positive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  7. Fulltext Knowledge and perception about health risks of cigarette smoking among Iraqi smokers
    Dawood OT, Rashan MA, Hassali MA, Saleem F
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):146-51.
    PMID: 27134468 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171738
    BACKGROUND:
    Smoking is a major public health problem, especially in Iraq. There is very little information had been documented regarding smoking risk factors and quit intention among Iraqi smokers.

    OBJECTIVES:
    The main objectives of this study are to determine smokers' knowledge and perception about smoking health risks; and to determine smoking behavior and quitting intentions among Iraqi smokers; as well as to predict the factors that may associate with quit intentions.

    METHODS:
    A cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit City, Iraq. Adult smokers who are smoking cigarette everyday and able to communicate with the researcher were invited to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 386 participants.

    RESULTS:
    This study showed that smokers had low awareness about some risk effects of smoking such as lung cancer in nonsmokers (30.1%), impotence in male smokers (52.6%), premature ageing (64%), and stroke (66.3%). In addition, the high score of knowledge and perception was significantly associated with quitting intention.

    CONCLUSION:
    Smokers' knowledge and perception regarding smoking health effects were low, especially in terms of secondhand smokers. Many efforts needed from health policy-makers and health care professionals to disseminate information about the risks of smoking and health benefits of give up smoking.

    KEYWORDS:
    Health risks; knowledge; perception; quit intentions; smoking
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  8. Fulltext The prevalence and inter-relationship of negative body image perception, depression and susceptibility to eating disorders among female medical undergraduate students
    Manaf NA, Saravanan C, Zuhrah B
    J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Mar;10(3):VC01-VC04.
    PMID: 27134977 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16678.7341
    Introduction: Female students are thought to be more negatively impacted by body image ideals and often more susceptible to various eating related disorders compared to men. A previous study using a sample of female students in Malaysia did not identify whether the increase in susceptibility to eating disorders can be explained by the level of body image acceptance.
    Aim: To identify the prevalence of depression and susceptibility to eating disorders among a sample of 206 female students in one of the private universities in Malaysia and explore the relationship between depression, body image and susceptibility to eating disorders. In addition, this study aimed to determine whether depression is a mediator between body image and susceptibility to eating disorders among female college students.
    Materials and Methods: The Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire were used to assess body image acceptance, the Patient Health Questionnaire to measure depression and the Eating Attitude Test- 26 was used to assess susceptibility to eating disorders.
    Results: The results showed that 65.5% (n=135) of the students were depressed and 6.3% (n=13) were susceptible to eating disorders. There was a significant positive relationship between depression and eating disorders and a negative relationship between body image and depression as well as between body image and eating disorder. Further, the regression model showed that depression was partially mediating the effect of body image on eating disorders.
    Conclusion: Body image and depression contribute to eating disorders and treating depression could reduce susceptibility to eating disorders.
    Keywords: Unhealthy body perception, Psychological problems, Relationship between body image and eating disorder
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  9. Knowledge, attitude and awareness among healthcare professionals about influenza vaccination in Peshawar, Pakistan
    Khan TM, Khan AU, Ali I, Wu DB
    Vaccine, 2016 Mar 8;34(11):1393-8.
    PMID: 26845740 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.045
    A cross-sectional study was carried out among HCPs in Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Hayatabad Peshawar, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, awareness and attitude of HCPs towards influenza vaccination. A total of N=170 questionnaires were distributed among the staff. There was a 97% response rate to this survey (n=165). The median age of the respondents was 30 years and most of them, 98 (59.0%), were from age group of 24-30 years. The majority of the HCPs that participated in this study were male 106 (64.2%), and by profession, the majority were physicians 77 (46.7%), followed by pharmacists and nurses. A majority 114 (69.1%) believed that it was not compulsory for HCPs to get vaccinated for influenza. Top three identified barriers to vaccination were: not everyone is familiar with the availability of the influenza vaccination at their institution (Relative importance weight factors (RIWF)=0.71), due to needle fear I do not like to get vaccinated (RIWF=0.70) and it is not compulsory for healthcare professionals to get vaccinated for influenza (RIWF=0.64). The logistic regression analysis has revealed association for job experience and profession with the most of the eleven knowledge item. However, when overall sum of eleven items were tested to identify the factors affecting the knowledge score, along with profession (-0.215 [-0.389 to 0.040]; p=0.016) and job experience (0.823 [0.521-1.125]; p<0.001) HCPs age (-0.409 [-0.755 to -0.064]; p=0.020) was found to be another significant factor affecting the total knowledge score of HCPs. Overall, scoring of the correct responses revealed that nurses have better knowledge and understanding about influenza and the influenza vaccination (6.5±0.8, p<0.001*), followed by pharmacists (6.3±1.14) and physicians. In spite of the published guidelines and recommendations, a very low percentage of the healthcare professionals in our hospital were vaccinated against influenza, and the barriers to vaccination were prevalent. Various strategies, including arranging seminars regarding awareness about vaccinations, are required to improve the knowledge and overall outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  10. Fulltext Increased correlation coefficient between the written test score and tutors' performance test scores after training of tutors for assessment of medical students during problem-based learning course in Malaysia
    Jaiprakash H, Min AK, Ghosh S
    Korean J Med Educ, 2016 Mar;28(1):123-5.
    PMID: 26838577 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2016.18
    This paper is aimed at finding if there was a change of correlation between the written test score and tutors' performance test scores in the assessment of medical students during a problem-based learning (PBL) course in Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional observational study, conducted among 264 medical students in two groups from November 2010 to November 2012. The first group's tutors did not receive tutor training; while the second group's tutors were trained in the PBL process. Each group was divided into high, middle and low achievers based on their end-of-semester exam scores. PBL scores were taken which included written test scores and tutors' performance test scores. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the two kinds of scores in each group. The correlation coefficient between the written scores and tutors' scores in group 1 was 0.099 (p<0.001) and for group 2 was 0.305 (p<0.001). The higher correlation coefficient in the group where tutors received the PBL training reinforces the importance of tutor training before their participation in the PBL course.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  11. Report: Demographic profiles and sleep quality among patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in Malaysia
    Zahari Z, Siong LC, Musa N, Mohd Yasin MA, Choon TS, Mohamad N, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Jan;29(1):239-46.
    PMID: 26826835
    Poor sleep quality was frequently reported by opioid dependence patients during methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The study investigated a sample of patients on MMT to investigate the severity and prevalence of sleep problems in MMT patients. We evaluated sleep quality and disturbances of 119 Malay male patients from MMT clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia between March and July 2013 using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-Malay version. Patients' demographic, clinical data, past drug history and methadone treatment variables were recorded. Patients averaged 37.5 years of age (SD 6.79) and their mean age of first time illicit drug use was 19.3 years (SD 4.48). Their mean age of entering MMT was 34.7 years (SD 6.92) and the mean duration in MMT was 2.8 years (SD 2.13). The mean current daily dosage of methadone was 77.8 mg (SD 39.47) and ranged from 20 to 360 mg. The mean global PSQI score was 5.6 (SD 2.79) and 43.7% patients were identified as 'poor sleepers' (global PSQI scores >5). This study confirms the poor overall sleep quality among patients on MMT. The prevalence and severity of sleep problems in MMT patients should not be underestimated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  12. Fulltext Complementary alternative medicine use among patients with dengue fever in the hospital setting: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia
    Ching SM, Ramachandran V, Gew LT, Lim SMS, Sulaiman WAW, Foo YL, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 Jan 29;16:37.
    PMID: 26825057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1017-0
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, the number of reported cases of dengue fever demonstrates an increasing trend. Since dengue fever has no vaccine or antiviral treatment available, it has become a burden. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become one of the good alternatives to treat the patients with dengue fever. There is limited study on the use of CAM among patients with dengue fever, particularly in hospital settings. This study aims to determine the prevalence, types, reasons, expenditure, and resource of information on CAM use among patients with dengue fever.
    METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 306 patients with dengue fever, which was carried out at the dengue clinic of three hospitals. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with CAM use.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of CAM use was 85.3% among patients with dengue fever. The most popular CAMs were isotonic drinks (85.8%), crab soup (46.7%) and papaya leaf extract (22.2%). The most common reason for CAM use was a good impression of CAM from other CAM users (33.3%). The main resource of information on CAM use among patients with dengue fever was family (54.8%). In multiple logistic regression analysis, dengue fever patients with a tertiary level are more likely to use CAM 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI 1.62-20.45) and 3.8 (95% CI 1.12-12.93) times than secondary level and primary and below respectively.
    CONCLUSION: CAM was commonly used by patients with dengue fever. The predictor of CAM use was a higher level of education.
    Study site: Dengue clinic, Hospital Serdang, Hospital Kajang and Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  13. Fulltext The effect of nicotine dependence on psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia
    Yee A, Bt Nek Mohamed NN, Binti Hashim AH, Loh HS, Harbajan Singh MK, Ng CG, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:730291.
    PMID: 26060820 DOI: 10.1155/2015/730291
    INTRODUCTION: Our study aims to determine the prevalence of nicotine dependence and investigate the effect of nicotine dependence on psychopathology among schizophrenia patients.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an outpatient psychiatric clinic at a general hospital in Malaysia. 180 recruited subjects were administered the Malay version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and the Malay version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-M) questionnaires.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of nicotine dependence among the subjects was 38.1% (n = 69) and they were mainly composed of male gender, Malay ethnicity, being treated with atypical antipsychotics, and taking other illicit drugs or alcohol. Subjects with severe nicotine dependence scored less in the negative subscale of PANSS compared with the nonsmokers (P = 0.011). On performing the hierarchy multiple regressions, dependence status still significantly predicted negative scores after adjusting the confounders (t = -2.87, P = 0.005).
    CONCLUSION: The rate of nicotine use disorder among schizophrenia patients in this study is higher than that of the general population in Malaysia. The significant association between nicotine dependence and negative psychopathology symptoms will help the healthcare practitioners in their management of nicotine dependence among schizophrenia patients.

    Study site: outpatient psychiatric clinic in a general hospital
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  14. Fulltext Antibiotic and shared decision-making preferences among adolescents in Malaysia
    Ngadimon IW, Islahudin F, Hatah E, Mohamed Shah N, Makmor-Bakry M
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2015;9:665-73.
    PMID: 25999702 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S82844
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to establish baseline information on the current level of knowledge about, attitude toward, and experience with antibiotic usage, and preferences for shared decision making among adolescents in Malaysia.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, involving 1,105 respondents who were aged between 13 and 17 years and who lived in Malaysia, was conducted using a validated questionnaire. The survey assessed knowledge, attitude, and experience with regard to antibiotic usage, and adolescents' preferences for the style of shared decision-making process.
    RESULTS: The majority (n=786 [71.13%]) of the respondents had a low level of knowledge, 296 (26.79%) had a moderate level of knowledge, and 23 (2.08%) had a high level of knowledge. Further, they demonstrated a slightly negative attitude mean score of 3.30±0.05 (range: 0-8 points) but a positive experience mean score of 2.90±0.029 (range: 0-4 points). There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores, with a higher knowledge level associated with a more positive attitude toward antibiotic usage (r=0.257, P<0.001). Higher knowledge scores were associated with a more negative experience with antibiotic usage (r=-0.83, P=0.006). When assessing preference in shared decision making, more adolescents preferred an active role (n=408 [37%]) compared with collaborative (n=360 [32.6%]) or passive (n=337 [30.5%]) (P=0.028) roles.
    CONCLUSION: Current health care settings should involve adolescents in the decision-making process. Education packages can be introduced to improve adolescents' knowledge of and practice of taking antibiotics, as well as to encourage their participation in decision making, in an attempt to reduce misuse of antibiotics.
    Study site: 14 secondary schools, Malaysia
    KEYWORDS: antibiotic usage; attitude; experience; knowledge
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  15. Fulltext Comparison of Abtectcell III and Diamed red cell antibody screening kit for detection of clinically significant red cells alloantibody
    Syed Azim SM, Muhamad NA, Leong CF, Hussin NH
    Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):109-14.
    PMID: 26277667 MyJurnal
    Antibody screening is important for the antenatal screening and pre-transfusion tests. This study aimed to compare the MUT/Mur kodecytesAbtectcell III (CSL Abtectcell III) red cell antibody screening kit with DiaMed ID-Dia Cell I-II-III Asia that was then used in our laboratory. In this study, 125 samples were randomly chosen, with 67 samples of known antibody specificities and 58 samples identified as negative for antibody, as the negative control. Concordant negative results were obtained in 57 out of 58 antibody negative samples. Concordant antibody positive results with both reagents were seen in 49 out of 67 samples. There were 18 discrepant results of antibody screening with CSL Abtetcell III (16/18 for vMNS antibodies). The sensitivity and specificity for CSL Abtectcell III were 73.0% and 98.3% respectively. In conclusion, the CSL Abtectcell III reagent would be an acceptable alternative for screening of red cell alloantibodies. It was able to detect all the clinically significant alloantibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  16. Role of high resolution ultrasound in ulnar nerve neuropathy
    Radhika S, Lee YL, Low SF, Fazalina MF, Sharifah Majedah IA, Suraya A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Jun;70(3):158-61.
    PMID: 26248778 MyJurnal
    AIM: This study was conducted to measure the cross sectional area (CSA) of the ulnar nerve (UN) in the cubital tunnel and to evaluate the role of high-resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve neuropathy (UNN).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study with 64 arms from 32 patients (34 neuropathic, 30 nonneuropathic). Diagnosis was confirmed by nerve conduction study and electromyography. The ulnar nerves were evaluated with 15MHz small footprint linear array transducer. The ulnar nerve CSA was measured at three levels with arm extended: at medial epicondyle (ME), 5cm proximal and 5cm distal to ME. Results from the neuropathic and nonneuropathic arms were compared. Independent T-tests and Pearson correlation tests were used. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

    RESULTS: Mean CSA values for the UN at levels 5cm proximal to ME, ME and 5cm distal to ME were 0.055, 0.109, 0.045 cm(2) respectively in the neuropathic group and 0.049, 0.075, 0.042 cm2 respectively in the non-neuropathic group. The CSA of the UN at the ME level was significantly larger in the neuropathic group, with p value of 0.005. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups at 5cm proximal and distal to the ME, with p values of 0.10 and 0.35 respectively.

    CONCLUSION: There is significant difference in CSA values of the UN at ME between the neuropathic and non-neuropathic groups with mean CSA value above the predetermined 0.10cm(2) cut-off point. High-resolution ultrasonography is therefore useful to diagnose and follow up cases of elbow UNN.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  17. Fulltext Comparison of the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of barriers regarding adverse drug reaction reporting between pharmacy and medical students in Pakistan
    Umair Khan M, Ahmad A, Ejaz A, Ata Rizvi S, Sardar A, Hussain K, et al.
    J Educ Eval Health Prof, 2015;12:28.
    PMID: 26072906 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.28
    PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy and medical students regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), as well as their perceptions of barriers to ADR reporting, in a Higher Education Commission-recognised Pakistani university.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year pharmacy (n=91) and medical (n=108) students in Pakistan from June 1 to July 31, 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The responses of pharmacy students were compared to those of medical students.
    RESULTS: Pharmacy students had a significantly better knowledge of ADRs than medical students (mean±SD, 5.61±1.78 vs. 3.23±1.60; P<0.001). Gender showed a significant relationship to knowledge about ADRs, and male participants were apparently more knowledgeable than their female counterparts (P<0.001). The attitudes of pharmacy students regarding their capability to handle and report ADRs were significantly more positive than those of medical students (P<0.05). In comparison to pharmacy students, a lack of knowledge of where and how to report ADRs was the main barrier that medical students perceived to ADR reporting (P=0.001).
    CONCLUSION: Final-year pharmacy students exhibited more knowledge about ADRs and showed more positive attitudes regarding their capacity to handle and report ADRs than final-year medical students.
    KEYWORDS: Comparison; Medical; Pakistan; Pharmacovigilance; Pharmacy; Students
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  18. Fulltext The relationship between learning preferences (styles and approaches) and learning outcomes among pre-clinical undergraduate medical students
    Liew SC, Sidhu J, Barua A
    BMC Med Educ, 2015;15:44.
    PMID: 25889887 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0327-0
    Learning styles and approaches of individual undergraduate medical students vary considerably and as a consequence, their learning needs also differ from one student to another. This study was conducted to identify different learning styles and approaches of pre-clinical, undergraduate medical students and also to determine the relationships of learning preferences with performances in the summative examinations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  19. Fulltext What Do Mothers know about Neonatal Jaundice? Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers in Malaysia
    Ng SY, Chong SY
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):252-6.
    PMID: 25934954 MyJurnal
    Study site: Hospital Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  20. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of food allergies among food handlers in the state of Penang, Malaysia
    Shafie AA, Azman AW
    Public Health, 2015 Sep;129(9):1278-84.
    PMID: 25931434 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.016
    Food handler's knowledge, attitude and practice regarding food allergies are important to prevent debilitating and sometimes fatal reactions. This study aimed to assess their food allergy knowledge, attitude and practice, which could help to maintain the safety and hygiene of food consumed by the public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
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