Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 552 in total

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  1. Coomaraswamy SD
    Br J Med Educ, 1974 Sep;8(3):187-91.
    PMID: 4421860
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  2. Fauzi MF, Anuar TS, Teh LK, Lim WF, James RJ, Ahmad R, et al.
    PMID: 33809939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063269
    Stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) have a negative impact on the learning and academic performance of university students. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, as well as the risk factors associated with SAD among a cohort of students pursuing undergraduate degree courses in health sciences. This is part of the strategy in building a healthy nation. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors and the short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the likelihood of psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of SAD. In total, 449 students completed the questionnaire (93.9% response rate). Of these, 65% had stress, 85.1% had anxiety and 51.4% had depression. Most cases of stress (74.6%) and depression (66.2%) were of normal-to-mild level, while 74.6% of them showed moderate-to-extremely severe anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between stress score and the year of study. In the regression analysis, poor sleep quality and fatigue were risk factors of anxiety and depression, whereas low-grade fever and frequent headaches were risk factors for stress and anxiety. Stress, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly higher among students studying medical imaging. A substantial proportion of health science students are suffering from SAD. This study recommends screening and close monitoring of the above-mentioned predictors and the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for students with SAD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  3. Nachiappan M, Bikramjit P, Aung WT, Htoo HKS, Sudipta P
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(3):209-215.
    PMID: 32467534
    INTRODUCTION: Simulation of the clinical setting incorporates an educational approach connecting a learner to a particular environment of learning. Undergraduate students in the health sector experience anxiety during simulation that influences their performance which ultimately affects their learning outcome. This study attempts to correlate the impact of stressors on learning outcome of high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) in undergraduate medical education.

    OBJECTIVE: This research is to analyze the impact of stressors and its relevance on the learning outcome of HFPS as a teaching-learning tool for the management of emergency surgical conditions including trauma.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a Quasi-experimental time series design. A total number of 347 final-year undergraduate (MBBS) students of Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Malaysia. They were grouped and assessed individually by pre-test and post-tests on their knowledge, performance and associated stressor scores. The one-way repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistically significant differences in total score at pre-test simulation and post-test-simulation sessions. Friedman test was used for assessment of individual components of stressors. Pre-test and post-tests scores were compared to note progress in confidence and stress reduction. P value <0.001 was considered statistically significant.

    RESULTS: ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant (p <0.001) difference in stressor score over time. The drop-in stress was significant initially but flattened out later.

    CONCLUSION: Stress significantly decreased as the students were exposed to more sessions of HFPS which ultimately translated into better learning outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical/psychology*
  4. Mohamad-Isa MZ, Mohamed-Yassin MS, Badlishah-Sham SF, Baharudin N, Ramli AS
    PMID: 33916335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073778
    Communication is one of the fundamental skills in the medical profession. The Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) is a widely used questionnaire to measure the attitudes of medical students toward learning communication skills. It has been adapted and translated into many languages. The objective of this study was to adapt and translate the CSAS into the Malay language and determine its psychometric properties in medical students. This is a cross-sectional study involving 218 first-year Universiti Teknologi MARA students. Content validation, cross-cultural adaptation, translation, and face validation of the 26-item CSAS were performed according to established guidelines. Principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation was used to determine the underlying structure of the CSAS-Malay. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient for internal consistency and using the intraclass correlation coefficient for the test-retest reliability. Although the contents of the CSAS-Malay and the original version were conceptually equivalent, item 11 was removed during the content validation stage due to a low item content validity index (I-CVI < 1.00). Two subscales were derived from the remaining 25 items, which were the Positive Attitude Scale and the Negative Attitude Scale. Items 1 and 15 were removed due to poor factor loadings. The total variance explained by the final two-factor solution with three items removed was 30.8%. Cronbach's α coefficients for both the Positive and Negative Attitude Scales in the final questionnaire were 0.815 and 0.614, respectively. It also showed a good reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.725-0.950 for all the items. This study provided preliminary information about the psychometric properties of the CSAS-Malay. The final 23-item questionnaire had a good construct validity, an acceptable internal consistency, and at least a moderate test-retest reproducibility. It can be used to assess the attitudes of medical students toward learning communication skills. Future research to improve the generalizability of the questionnaire should include medical students from other universities with diverse backgrounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  5. Liyanage G, Dewasurendra M, Athapathu A, Magodarathne L
    BMC Med Educ, 2021 Jun 08;21(1):333.
    PMID: 34103033 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02783-9
    BACKGROUND: Poor compliance with hand hygiene practices among medical students poses a risk for cross-infection. It has become more critical during the COVID-19 pandemic than ever before. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, practices of hand hygiene among final-year medical students. It also explored reported hand hygiene behavior before the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for educational strategies to correct the deficiencies.

    METHODS: A concurrent mixed-method approach was used. In the quantitative strand, a cross-sectional online survey was carried out via a Google form. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-squared test were used for comparisons. In the qualitative strand, twelve participants were interviewed, based on a semi-structured interview guide and audio recorded. Transcribed data were evaluated with thematic content analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 225 final-year medical students were studied in the quantitative strand. Most were females. The mean score for knowledge was 3.35 ± 0.795 out of six. Of them, 31.6 % of participants scored below 3 points ( 80 %). Only 36.4 % reported "adequate" hand hygiene performance in all eight dimensions of the behavior domain. Noticeably, fewer participants reported to clean their hands after checking blood pressure (55.6 %), and only 66.2 % stated carrying a hand sanitizer in their pocket. Significant correlations were not found between reported behavior and attitudes (p = 0.821) or knowledge (p = 0.794). The qualitative strand with 12 respondents revealed the positive influence of both hierarchical and non-hierarchal role models. Time constraints, skin irritation, and workload pressures were the main barriers. Frequent reminders, supervision, and interactive teaching were suggested as methods to improve hand hygiene compliance. They also stated that increased enthusiasm was noted on hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

    CONCLUSIONS: Most of the participants had positive attitudes towards hand hygiene. Yet, a considerable gap between attitudes and knowledge and reported hand hygiene behavior was evident. Coupling educational programs that use cognitive and behavioral methods, including role modeling, supervision, and frequent reminders, is recommended to bridge the knowledge-attitude-behavior gap.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  6. Omar H, Khan S, Haneline M, Toh CG
    Eur J Dent Educ, 2021 Aug;25(3):592-599.
    PMID: 33222374 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12636
    INTRODUCTION: Interprofessional learning (IPL) is the first stage towards the goal of interprofessional collaborative care. To enhance IPL experience, the School of Dentistry, International Medical University developed an IPL model based on the core competencies and the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students in their second and fourth year, respectively. The model was based on experiential learning and adult learning theories in addition to Miller's framework for clinical competencies.

    METHODS: The programme was developed as a student-centred, collaborative approach to achieve the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students. Second-year dental students (n = 46) and chiropractic students (n = 23) in their fourth year participated in the programme. The focus of the programme was to address the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) amongst dental students and to provide the chiropractic students with the opportunity to assess and identify risk factors for WMSDs in the dental setting. The readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS) questionnaire was completed prior to the interprofessional education programme and once again afterwards to determine dental and chiropractic students' awareness of roles and responsibilities of the other profession, and their attitudes to interprofessional education and teamwork.

    RESULTS: Dental and chiropractic students showed similar levels of readiness for shared learning. The results of this study suggest that the IPL programme contributed to the development of the students' positive perceptions towards the positive professional identity and the roles of other healthcare professionals.

    CONCLUSION: This study provides initial support for the integrated interprofessional learning experiences within the school. The results of the study will shape future curricula changes to further strengthen interprofessional education and subsequent interprofessional collaborative care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  7. Ranganath R, Muthusami J, Simon M, Mandal T, Kukkamulla MA
    PMID: 33264826 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.37
    PURPOSE: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Educational and awareness programs impact early practices of breast self-examination, resulting in the early detection of cancer and thereby decreasing mortality. The study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and breast self-examination among medical and nursing students in Oman and to compare their knowledge, attitudes, and skills after a training program.

    METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was carried out for female 90 medical and 80 nursing students in Oman in November 2019. A pre-test questionnaire was given before the training program and a post-test questionnaire was administered after the training program. Students’ knowledge, attitude, and skills regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination were compared. Scores for skills of practicing breast self-examination were compared between lecture and activity group and lecture-only group.

    RESULTS: Pre-test and post-test data were collected from 170 female students. Significant improvements were observed in the post-test scores for students’ knowledge, attitude, and skills after the intervention (P<0.001). The mean scores for skills of practicing breast self-examination after the lecture and the activity were higher than those obtained after the lecture only (P=0.014 for medical students and P=0.016 for nursing students).

    CONCLUSION: An educational training program on breast cancer and breast self-examination with an emphasis on skills can motivate participants to perform breast self-examination regularly, and may therefore help students to train other women to perform breast self-examination for the early detection of breast cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  8. Arif NMNA, Roslan NS, Ismail SB, Nayak RD, Jamian MR, Mohamad Ali Roshidi AS, et al.
    PMID: 34444193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168446
    Medical training is intensive and predisposes students to psychological distress and burnout. Unaddressed burnout in medical training may persist in the internship phase and impact the quality of patient care. While some associations have been established, the link between some individual factors and training characteristics with distress and burnout in medical training remained unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and burnout, and its association with gender, training phase, funding status, cumulative grade points average (CGPA), and coping strategies among medical students. The study applied a multicenter cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling on medical students from two medical schools from Malaysia and India. We used a self-reporting instrument that includes demographic details, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). A total of 748 medical students participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress, personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout were 33.0%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 26.2%, respectively. Being male, clinical year, self-funded, and having a CGPA of more than 3.50 predicted psychological distress and burnout with mixed results. Maladaptive coping mechanisms consistently predicted the risk of psychological distress and burnout by more than two times. The findings indicate that primary and secondary mental health interventions have a role in medical training. A systematic intervention should incorporate coping skills training alongside institutional-targeted intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  9. Schiess N, Rao A, Mohanraj A, Wiener CM
    Acad Psychiatry, 2017 08;41(4):551-555.
    PMID: 27738999 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-016-0616-x
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical/psychology*
  10. Leelavathi M, Tan HC, Puah JWD, Apipi M, Sohami AE, Mahat NF
    Medicine & Health, 2015;10(1):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    Acne can affect personal appearance and impair quality of life. A cross sectional study, over a period of 12 months was conducted among medical students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to evaluate the disability, self management and help-seeking behaviour of medical students for acne. A total of 361 students were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. Acne was graded using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Score (CASS) while acne disability was assessed using the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI). Acne self management and helpseeking behaviour was assessed using the acne management questionnaire. Mean CADI score was 3.35 + 2.39, with mostly mild (83.8%, n=206) and moderate (14.6%, n=36) levels of impairment. Female students and those from the nonMalay ethnic group demonstrated higher disability (3.76 + 2.24, p=0.006 and 3.79 + 2.59, p=0.018, respectively). Although the majority of students (87.4%, n=215) knew that acne can be treated, they preferred to discuss their acne problems with friends (54.1%, n=133) rather than consulting a physician (9.3%, n=23). Most of them also practiced non-evidence based measures for their acne. The results of the present study shows that young adults tend to have mild grades of acne severity and disability. However, efforts are needed to enhance their knowledge on evidence based management of acne and modify their help seeking behavior. This would help reduce complications such as permanent scars and improve quality of life, as acne is a treatable dermatological disorder.
    Keywords: acne vulgaris, medical, disability, quality of life, students, severity, self care
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  11. Venkataramani P, Sadanandan T, Savanna RS, Sugathan S
    Med Educ, 2019 05;53(5):499-500.
    PMID: 30891812 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13860
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  12. Gunjal S, Pateel DGS, Lim RZS, Yong LL, Wong HZ
    Int Dent J, 2020 Feb;70(1):62-69.
    PMID: 31691268 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12524
    OBJECTIVE: Dental and medical practitioners play a pivotal role in detecting early stages of oral cancers. Hence, future dental and medical practitioners need to have adequate knowledge of oral cancer. This study was conducted to assess the current level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding oral cancer among dental and medical students of a Malaysian private university.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on third-, fourth- and final-year students of the dental and medical courses of MAHSA University, Malaysia. A total of 557 students participated in the survey. Oral cancer awareness, knowledge about risk factors, signs and symptoms of oral cancer, attitude and practices towards oral cancer were assessed using 43 questions. The questionnaire was pretested, and internal consistency, assessed using Cronbach's alpha, was acceptable (α > 0.7). The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 21. The chi-square test was used to analyse the difference in oral cancer awareness between medical and dental students.

    RESULTS: Among 557 participants, there were 351 (63%) medical students and 206 (37%) dental students. Based on the results obtained, dental students had a higher level of knowledge than medical students regarding oral cancer (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  13. Blacketer C, Parnis R, B Franke K, Wagner M, Wang D, Tan Y, et al.
    Intern Med J, 2021 Sep;51(9):1539-1542.
    PMID: 34541769 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15479
    To utilise effectively tools that employ machine learning (ML) in clinical practice medical students and doctors will require a degree of understanding of ML models. To evaluate current levels of understanding, a formative examination and survey was conducted across three centres in Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Of the 245 individuals who participated in the study (response rate = 45.4%), the majority had difficulty with identifying weaknesses in model performance analysis. Further studies examining educational interventions addressing such ML topics are warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  14. Arokiamary B, Russell V, Lim HA, Koay JM, Xia J, Zhao XH, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2021 Jun;13(2):e12454.
    PMID: 33646626 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12454
    INTRODUCTION: Perceptions of the educational environment (EE) represent an important source of information on medical students' learning experience. Understanding and addressing these perceptions can help inform initiatives designed to improve the learning experience and educational outcomes, while comparison of student perceptions across medical schools can provide an added perspective. The aim of the study was to compare the EEs of three Asian medical schools: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore and Xiangya School of Medicine, China.

    METHODS: Medical students in the clinical years (N = 1063) participated in a cross-sectional study using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

    RESULTS: There were significant differences between the three medical schools in the total DREEM scores (F [2, 1059] = 38.29, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  15. Mohd Yusoff H, Mohd Tamil A, Mohd Fauzi MF, Mat Saruan NA
    MyJurnal
    Pre-hypertension, a classification of blood pressure ranging from 120–139 mm Hg systolic and/or 80–89 mm Hg diastolic, has been introduced to identify those high-risk group of developing hypertension to implement early intervention to halt disease progression. This study determines the prevalence of pre-hypertension and its determinants among undergraduate preclinical medical students in Malaysia.
    Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 158 registered second year medical students at one research university in central Malaysia from January to April 2018.
    Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 20.6% among undergraduate preclinical medical students. The most respondent was female (69.9%), Malay ethnic (50.6%) who had normal body mass index (67.3%), no depression (79.5%), no anxiety (60.3%), no stress (68.6%), low physical activity level (44.9%), never smoked (95.5%), and never consumed alcohol (87.8%). Some respondents had positive family history of hypertension (43.6%) and diabetes mellitus (31.4%). After adjusted for all variables, gender (AOR=14.45, 95% CI 5.58-37.43) and depression status (AOR=6.37, 95% CI 1.29-31.49) were significantly associated with pre-hypertension.
    Conclusion: The prevalence of pre-hypertension among preclinical medical students was lower compared to other country, predicted by gender and depression status. However, further comprehensive multicentered studies in Malaysia with larger sample size is recommended to get more precise results in identifying determinants for pre-hypertension so that early intervention could be implemented nationwide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  16. Lim HM, Ng CJ, Teo CH, Lee PY, Kassim PSJ, Nasharuddin NA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(6):e0253471.
    PMID: 34166432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253471
    BACKGROUND: Engaging students in the e-learning development process enhances the effective implementation of e-learning, however, students' priority on the topics for e-learning may differ from that of the educators. This study aims to compare the differences between the students and their educators in prioritising the topics in three healthcare curricula for reusable e-learning object (RLO) development.

    METHOD: A modified Delphi study was conducted among students and educators from University Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Taylor's University (TU) on three undergraduate programmes. In Round 1, participants were asked to select the topics from the respective syllabi to be developed into RLOs. Priority ranking was determined by using frequencies and proportions. The first quartile of the prioritised topics was included in Round 2 survey, which the participants were asked to rate the level of priority of each topic using a 5-point Likert scale. The mean score of the topics was compared between students and educators.

    RESULT: A total of 43 educators and 377 students participated in this study. For UM and TU Pharmacy, there was a mismatch in the prioritised topics between the students and educators. For UPM, both the educators and students have prioritised the same topics in both rounds. To harmonise the prioritisation of topics between students and educators for UM and TU Pharmacy, the topics with a higher mean score by both the students and educators were prioritised.

    CONCLUSION: The mismatch in prioritised topics between students and educators uncovered factors that might influence the prioritisation process. This study highlighted the importance of conducting needs assessment at the beginning of eLearning resources development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  17. Ahmad MS, Abuzar MA, Razak IA, Rahman SA, Borromeo GL
    J Dent Educ, 2017 Sep;81(9):1068-1076.
    PMID: 28864788 DOI: 10.21815/JDE.017.060
    Education in oral health is important to prepare future medical professionals for collaborative roles in maintaining patients' oral health, an important component of general health and well-being. The aims of this study were to determine the perceptions of medical students in Malaysia and Australia of the quality of their training in oral health care and their perceptions of their professional role in maintaining the oral health of their patients. A survey was administered in the classroom with final-year Malaysian (n=527; response rate=79.3%) and Australian (n=455; response rate: 60%) medical students at selected institutions in those countries. In the results, most of these medical students reported encountering patients with oral health conditions including ulcers, halitosis, and edentulism. A majority in both countries reported believing they should advise patients to obtain regular dental check-ups and eat a healthy diet, although they reported feeling less than comfortable in managing emergency dental cases. A high percentage reported they received a good education in smoking cessation but not in managing dental trauma, detecting cancerous lesions, or providing dietary advice in oral disease prevention. They expressed support for inclusion of oral health education in medical curricula. These students' experience with and perceptions of oral health care provide valuable information for medical curriculum development in these two countries as well as increasing understanding of this aspect of interprofessional education and practice now in development around the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  18. Mohoshina Karim, Shayela Farah, M .Tanveer Hossain Parash
    MyJurnal
    Cigarette smoking is considered as the symbol of adulthood and as a friend during stress and loneliness. The developing countries in South Asia where the largest segment of the population is comprised of adolescents are more susceptible to smoking epidemic and its consequences. A cross sectional survey among 304 randomly selected medical students was carried out to determine their smoking habit of a selected medical college in Dhaka, from 1st October to 31st December 2014. The respondents were from 16 to 20 years of age, with mean (±SD) of 16.8 (±1.9) years. Among them (including 28 girl students), 96(31.5%) were non-smokers. The remaining 208(68.4%) were smokers, among them 43(20.6%) were regular smokers, and 165(79.3%) were occasional smokers. All 28 female students were non-smokers. Regarding duration of smoking, 42(20.2%) respondents smoked for less than 6 months, 64(30.8%) for 6 months to 1 year, 88(42.3%) for 1 to 4 years, 11(5.3%) for 5 to 10 years and a least 3(1.4%) smoked for more than 10 years. Thirty six percent of current smokers smoked more than 10 sticks per day compared
    with thirty percent who smoked 6 to 10 a day. Significantly more users knew that it causes tuberculosis, heart attack, cancer and development of hypertension. Overall, students’ major sources of information were doctors (69.7%), medias (47.7%), parents (9.2%) and friends (3.3%). As the prevalence of smoking among medical students was found very high hence, the multi-pronged intervention strategy is needed to tackle the problem. Anti-tobacco education and awareness should be adopted in the curriculum of schools and colleges. All forms of tobacco advertising and promotional activities should be banned, and parents should be encouraged to adopt more responsible attitudes toward smoking in the home.
    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
  19. Johnston N, Sandys N, Geoghegan R, O'Donovan D, Flaherty G
    J Travel Med, 2018 01 01;25(1).
    PMID: 29394388 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tax092
    Background: Increasingly, medical students from developed countries are undertaking international medical electives in developing countries. Medical students understand the many benefits of these electives, such as the opportunity to develop clinical skills, to gain insight into global health issues and to travel to interesting regions of the world. However, they may be much less aware of the risk to their health and wellbeing while abroad. Compounding this problem, medical students may not seek advice from travel medicine practitioners and often receive inadequate or no information from their medical school prior to departure.

    Methods: The PubMed database was searched for relevant literature relating to the health of medical elective students. Combinations of the following key words were used as search terms: 'international health elective', 'medical student' and 'health risks'. Articles were restricted to those published in English from 1997 through June 2017. A secondary review of the reference lists of these articles was performed. The grey literature was also searched for relevant material.

    Results: This narrative literature review outlines the risks of clinical electives in resource-poor settings which include exposure to infectious illness, trauma, sexual health problems, excessive sun exposure, mental health issues and crime. Medical students may mitigate these health risks by being informed and well prepared for high-risk situations. The authors provide evidence-based travel advice which aims to improve pre-travel preparation and maximize student traveller safety. A safer and more enjoyable elective may be achieved if students follow road safety advice, take personal safety measures, demonstrate cultural awareness, attend to their psychological wellbeing and avoid risk-taking behaviours.

    Conclusion: This article may benefit global health educators, international elective coordinators and travel medicine practitioners. For students, a comprehensive elective checklist, an inventory of health kit items and useful web-based educational resources are provided to help prepare for electives abroad.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical*
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