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Fulltext Intermetallic growth of SAC237 solder paste reinforced with MWCNT

Azmah Hanim, M.A., Mohamad Aznan, M.N., Muhammad Raimi, R., Muhammad Azrol Amin, A.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(4):1249-1254.
MyJurnal

The formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the interfaces of pad finishes has been studied.
The growth of IMC layer as a reflow process and its properties were also discussed. In this study, solder
alloy SAC237 (Sn: 99 wt.%, Ag: 0.3 wt.%, Cu: 0.7 wt.%), reinforced with 0.01 wt.% Multi-Walled
Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), was mixed to form a composite solder paste and soldered on Electroless
Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG) and Immersion Tin (ImSn) pad finishes. Reflow process was conducted
in oven with specific reflow profile. The growth and properties of IMC layer were analysed using optical
microscope with image analyser. Results showed that the thickness of IMC layer for ENIG and ImSn
were 1.49 and 2.51 µm, respectively. Floating IMC and voids within the solder bulk and IMC layer
were also identified in the samples. In addition, the measured wetting angle for ENIG and ImSn were
16.21° and 34.32°, respectively.
Fulltext Identification of hazardous nature of well drilling operation with associated potential hazards at oil and gas extraction industries: an explanatory approach

Muhammad Mujtaba Asad, Razali Hassan, Qadir Mehmood Soomro, Sherwani, F., Muhammad Aamir

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):85-92.
MyJurnal

This study illustrates about the most hazardous and risky activities associated with well drilling operation at on and offshore
oil and gas drilling sites by adopting exploratory research design (quantitative leading to qualitative). In this study researcher has
targeted three oil and gas industries each from Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan for the identification of associated hazards
and nature of hazardous activities faced by drilling crew during well drilling operation. Eighty (80) drilling crew members have
been randomly selected for answering the survey questionnaire. Likewise, nine (09) drilling health and safety officials have been
conveniently selected based on their safety expertise in oil and gas drilling field for semi structured in-depth interview. For analyzing
quantitative findings descriptive statistical methods has been used. While for qualitative section thematic analysis approach has
been utilized. Based on the findings, respondents from Malaysian oil and gas industries reported starting drilling activity as highly
hazardous at onshore well drilling, while handling drilling pipe has been considered more hazardous activity at offshore domain.
Similarly, in the context of Saudi Arabia, respondents highlighted that the handling drilling pipes are cause of major injuries at onshore
well drilling site. Whereas drilling fluid preparation and coring process is considered harmful at offshore sites. In contrast, participant
from Pakistan indicated coring process as a highly hazardous activity at on and offshore well drilling operation. According to overall
results based on the participant response, oil and gas well drilling operation at onshore domain is considered more hazardous
at Pakistani oil and gas industry as compare to other targeted industries with mean range 3.42. While for offshore well drilling,
Malaysian industry is recorded highly hazardous as compare to others leading with mean value 3.39 and related with chemical and
safety hazards in well drilling activities.
Fulltext Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid super ElasticNiTi alloy with steel rebar for reinforced concrete beam

Nubailah Abd. Hamid, Muhammad Akmal Ahmad Shazalli, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Azmi Ibrahim

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):89-100.
MyJurnal

NiTi is well known for its shape memory effect and super elasticity (SE), and is widely used in medical, dentistry and aerospace applications. For shape memory, NiTi has the ability to undergo deformation at certain temperature then recover to its original shape while SE occurs at narrow temperature range just above its transformation temperature. It shows that this material remembers its original shape and is elastic under stress. The application of nitinol as partial replacement in reinforced concrete beam for seismic resistant structures is popular due to it re-centring capability and distinctive properties. Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) in structures has its downsides. Hence, hybrid reinforced concrete beam with SMA was introduced to improve the structure’s ductility and energy dissipation. Hence, this research is aimed at distinguishing microstructure and mechanical properties of SMA and steel rebar. Not much is known about how SMA behaves when subjected to compression. Therefore, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to analyse if any secondary phase exists and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test was used to analyse the phase transformation. The results showed hybrid NiTi-steel rebar can address some deficiencies of NiTi and in terms of costs. On the other hand, combining them will result in super elastic recovery, displacement ductility and strength capacity for seismic resistant design.
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Enzymatic Delignification

Moniruzzaman M, Goto M

Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol., 2019;168:61-77.
PMID: 29744542 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_64

Ionic liquids (ILs), a potentially attractive "green," recyclable alternative to environmentally harmful volatile organic compounds, have been increasingly exploited as solvents and/or cosolvents and/or reagents in a wide range of applications, including pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for further processing. The enzymatic delignification of biomass to degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, has received much attention as an environmentally friendly process for clean separation of biopolymers including cellulose and lignin. For this purpose, enzymes are generally isolated from naturally occurring fungi or genetically engineered fungi and used in an aqueous medium. However, enzymatic delignification has been found to be very slow in these conditions, sometimes taking several months for completion. In this chapter, we highlight an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for enzymatic delignification of lignocellulosic biomass using room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as (co)solvents or/and pretreatment agents. The method comprises pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in IL-aqueous systems before enzymatic delignification, with the aim of overcoming the low delignification efficiency associated with low enzyme accessibility to the solid substrate and low substrate and product solubilities in aqueous systems. We believe the processes described here can play an important role in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-the most abundant renewable biomaterial in the world-to biomaterials, biopolymers, biofuels, bioplastics, and hydrocarbons. Graphical Abstract.
Fulltext Correlation of case depth with mechanical properties of low carbon steel using paste carburizing method

Bulan Abdullah, Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin, Muhammad Hussain Ismail, Siti Khadijah Alias, Samsiah Ahmad

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):91-98.
MyJurnal

Powder carburising compound used for pack carburizing has limited potential in producing thicker case depth. Paste carburizing has proved to be an option to replace powder in conventional pack carburizing as it requires less time and temperature to diffuse carbon atoms, and thereby produce greater case depth. The correlation between case depth and mechanical properties using paste carburising is the objective of this paper where the relationship between case depth with mechanical and tribological properties using powder, paste 1:1 and paste 3:1 compounds at 1000°C for 9 hours are studied. Samples were subjected to microhardness tests, tensile tests and wear tests. Results showed paste 1:1 compound produced the highest case depth (>0.5 mm), allowing us to greater tensile strength, 6.61% and high wear resistance, 49%.
Kelakuan pengesanan tekanan bagi seramik natrium bismut titanat

Mohammad Hafizuddin Jumali, Mohd Riduan Mt Said, Ngoi YW, Muhammad Yahaya, Muhammad Mat Salleh

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Satu kajian bagi menentukan kesan suhu ke atas mikrostruktur dan kelakuan pengesanan tekanan seramik Na0.45Bi0.55TiO3 (NBT) sebagai bahan piezoelektrik bebas plumbum telah dilakukan. Seramik NBT disediakan secara tindak balas keadaan pepejal daripada campuran serbuk Na2CO3, Bi2O3 dan TiO2. Campuran serbuk disinter pada tiga suhu yang berlainan iaitu 1100°C, 1200°C dan 1300°C selama 12 jam. Selepas disinter, serbuk NBT dikisar dan dimampatkan menjadi pelet berdiameter 13 mm diikuti pemanasan selama 2 jam pada 700oC. Mikrostruktur dan morfologi sampel masing-masing dikaji dengan menggunakan XRD dan SEM. Sifat pengesanan tekanan NBT diuji dengan menggunakan kebuk tekanan pneumatik. Analisis pembelauan sinar-X menunjukkan semua sampel mengandungi lebih 70% NBT berstruktur rombohedral sebagai fasa utama dan bakinya merupakan fasa sekunder Bi2Ti2O7 (BTO). Kenaikan suhu sinteran didapati meningkatkan kandungan fasa NBT di dalam sampel. Mikrograf SEM menunjukkan saiz butiran dan ketumpatan sampel semakin meningkat dengan pertambahan suhu sinteran. Ujian sifat pengesanan tekanan menunjukkan kesemua sampel memberi sambutan apabila voltan pemula diberikan. Berdasarkan faktor ketumpatan, kestabilan dan kebolehulangan sifat pengesanan tekanan, seramik NBT yang disinter pada suhu 1200oC merupakan seramik yang terbaik dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai sensor tekanan.
Electrical characterization of cross-linked ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and Si/SiO2 substrate

Chang FD, Burhanudin Yeop Majlis, Muhammad Mat Salleh, Muhammad Yahaya

Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37:233-237.

ZnO nanostructures were synthesized on Si and Si/SiO2 substrate by well established thermal-evaporation-deposition method which involves vapor-solid growth process for non–catalysts activated growth. Scanning electron micrograph shows difference type of ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized. Electrical I-V characterization was measured by using Al as electrode at room temperature. Schottky contacts were obtained for both contact of ZnO nanowires and Al. A symmetric metal-semiconductor-metal junction was obtained. A two-opposit-diode equivalent circuit was applied to explain this I-V characteristic.
Health risks assessment diagnosis of toxic chemicals (heavy metals) via food crops consumption irrigated with wastewater

Khan MA, Mehmood S, Ullah F, Khattak A, Zeb MA

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:917-924.

The present study investigated the concentration of metals in commonly grown vegetables (Luffa acutangula L., Zea mays L., Solanum melongena L.) irrigated with waste water in District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The pH (5.80) and electrical conductivity (13 dS/m) of waste water indicated the acidic nature that is not suitable for irrigation purposes. Soil and vegetables samples were analyzed for metals concentration through flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian FAAS-240). The findings showed that waste water irrigated soil was highly contaminated with Cd (4.62 mg/kg) which was above permissible limits set by European Union Standard (EU 2006, 2002). The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr and Cd in vegetables were higher than the permissible limits set by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization U.S.A guidelines 2001. The health hazard quotient (HQ) of waste water irrigated vegetables was observed higher for Ni (0.699-0.1029 mg/kg), (0.0456-0.1040 mg/kg), (0.731-0.0994 mg/kg) in Luffa acutangula, Solanum melongena and Zea mays, respectively. The study concluded that the consumption of commonly grown vegetables in waste water zone of the study area may pose potential health threats in local population.
Comparative effects of different soil conditioners on wheat growth and yield grown in saline-sodic soils

Zia-ur-Rehman M, Sabir M, Shahjahan, Ahmed HR, Muhammad Rizwan, Ali S

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:339-346.

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is the main abiotic stress limiting crop growth and yield worldwide. Improving agri-food production in salt-prone areas is the key to meet the increasing food demands in near future. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different soil conditioners, gypsum (GYP), citric acid (CA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in salinesodic soil. Gypsum was applied at a rate of 100% soil gypsum requirement while other amendments were applied each at a rate of 5 g kg-1 of soil. The results showed that EDTA treatment increased pH and electrical conductivity (ECe) of soil while pH significantly decreased when treated with citric acid. Soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased in all treatments following the order: CT > PVA > EDTA > CA > GYP. Addition of CA positively affected growth parameters as compared to other soil conditioners including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, plant dry weight and grain yield while EDTA negatively affected these parameters. Addition of CA also significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents while EDTA decreased these parameters. We conclude that increase in plant growth and yield with CA might be due to the effect of CA on soil properties which positively affected plant physiological parameters.
Influence of field soil drought stress on some key physiological, yield and quality traits of selected newly-developed hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars

Tariq Shahzad, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid, Hasnain Waheed, Tasawer Abbas, Muhammad Ashraf, Feng-Min Li, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2625-2635.

Drought is one of the commonly occurring environmental stresses, limiting crop production in many countries. Selection
of cultivar is the most effective and economical means for alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on crops. The
present study aimed to investigate the growth, some physiological processes, yield and quality of some newly-developed
wheat cultivars (AARI-2011, AAS-2011, Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 and Punjab-2011) under field drought stress
conditions. The cultivars were sown in a field under normal irrigation and drought-induced conditions. Maximum net
photosynthetic rate was recorded in cv. AAS-2011 at growth stage of 67 days after wheat emergence under normal irrigation
and cv. Faisalabad-2008 at 67 days after wheat emergence under drought condition. Leaf stomatal conductance and
transpiration rate were maximum in cv. Faisalabad-2008 under drought conditions. The adverse effects of drought stress
were observed more on cv. Millat-2011 than Faisalabad-2008, with respect to net photosynthetic rate and transpiration.
Drought exerted a significant adverse effect on leaf stomatal conductance at 74 days after wheat emergence which was
recorded as 230 mmol m-2 s-1. Among the cultivars, AAS-2011 recorded maximum yield traits and grain yield under normal
irrigation condition and Faisalabad-2008 under drought condition. Cultivar Millat-2011 was the most susceptible to
drought and Faisalabad-2008 the most resistant to drought. Faisalabad-2008 maintained the quality at the most under
drought stress conditions. It is concluded that Fasialabad-2008 should be grown under field drought conditions to achieve
maximal yield and quality of wheat.
Arabidopsis at2g02870 loss of function mutants lead to enhanced production of hydroperoxide lyase pathway genes and products

Muhammad Naeem-ul-Hassan, Zamri Zainal, Ismanizan Ismail, Nur Athirah Abd Hamid, Muhammad Sajad

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3003-3008.

F-box proteins containing variable C-terminal domains make an essential part of SKP1-Cullin-Ring box-F box (SCF)
complex. SCF complex catalyzes the final step to link the ubiquitin tag with the target protein, destined for degradation,
through F-box protein that confer overall substrate specificity to the complex. In this study, we analyzed the role of
At2g02870, a Kelch containing F-box protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, by using reverse genetics strategy. At2g02870
loss of function mutant lines (at2g02870) were analyzed and compared with wild type plants for the expression of genes
and products of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) branch of oxylipin pathway. We found that the at2g02870 plants have enhanced
expression of HPL pathway genes and produce more green leaf volatiles (GLV) than the wild type plants. Our results
suggested that the gene is involved in the regulation of HPL pathway, possibly through the degradation of enzymes or/
and the regulatory factors of the pathway.
Graft and Button Modification of Technique of Coracoclavicular Joint Reconstruction in Treatment of Chronic Type V Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Case Report

Leong YC, Muhammad-Suhairi J

Malays Orthop J, 2019 Jul;13(2):45-48.
PMID: 31467652 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1907.009

Treatment of chronic Rockwood's type V Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. We describe a surgical technique to reduce and maintain AC joint using a combination of gracilis autograft with GraftMax™ button (Conmed Inc, Utica, NY). Graft was prepared using running whip stitch technique with No. 5 Hi-Fi high strength suture (ConMed Linvatec, Largo, FL). Our technique reduces intraoperative clavicular and coracoid tunnel fracture and restores anatomical coracoclavicular ligament. At sixth week and third month postoperatively, the patient demonstrated good clinical and radiographic outcome.
Fulltext The role of TLR-4 in the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum

Abbas MA, Suppian R

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2019 11 30;13(11):1057-1061.
PMID: 32087079 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11331

INTRODUCTION: An earlier constructed recombinant BCG expressing the MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum, induced inflammatory responses leading to significant production of nitric oxide (NO) alongside higher expression of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and significant production of the regulatory cytokine, IL-10, indicating significant immunomodulatory effects of the construct. The mechanism of these responses had not been established but is thought to involve toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).
METHODOLOGY: The present study was carried out to determine the role of TLR-4 on eliciting the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing MSP-1C of Plasmodium falciparum leading to the production of NO and IL-10, as well as the expression of iNOS. Six groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were immunised thrice, three weeks apart with intraperitoneal phosphate buffered saline T80 (PBS-T80), BCG or rBCG in the presence or absence of a TLR-4 inhibitor; TAK-242, given one hour prior to each immunisation. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from the mice and cultured for the determination of NO, iNOS and IL-10 via Griess assay, ELISA and Western blot respectively.
RESULTS: The results showed significant inhibition of the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in all groups of mice in the presence of TAK-242.
CONCLUSIONS: These results presented evidence of the role of TLR-4/rBCG attachment mechanism in modulating the production of NO and IL-10 and the expression of iNOS in response to our rBCG-based malaria vaccine candidate expressing MSP-1C of P. falciparum.
Recent Advances of Using Ionic Liquids for Biopolymer Extraction and Processing

Mahmood H, Moniruzzaman M

Biotechnol J, 2019 Dec;14(12):e1900072.
PMID: 31677240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900072

The evolution of petroleum-derived polymers is one of the crowning accomplishments of the past century. Although the significant economic gains from this industrial model of resource utilization are achieved, the environmental impacts are fatal. One of the principles of sustainable development is to replace such polymers with potential alternatives derived from renewable materials. Biopolymers derived from natural resources afford a new, versatile, environmentally benign feedstock that could exhibit closed-loop life cycles as part of a future material's industrial ecology. However, the solubility and processability of biopolymer materials provoke a serious bottleneck owing to their dense networks of inter - and intramolecular bondings and structural heterogeneity. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising green solvents and acquired augmented appreciation for their peerless power of biopolymer processing. Among the fourteen principle of green chemistry, the two key elements encourage the exploitation of renewable raw materials by using environmentally benign solvents that cover in dissolution of biopolymers using ILs. This mini review represents a brief overview of the comprehensive ILs assisted extraction and processing of various biopolymeric materials for value-added applications.
Fulltext Complex Chemical Data Classification and Discrimination Using Locality Preserving Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis

Aminu M, Ahmad NA

ACS Omega, 2020 Oct 20;5(41):26601-26610.
PMID: 33110988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03362

Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is a well-known technique for feature extraction and discriminant analysis in chemometrics. Despite its popularity, it has been observed that PLS-DA does not automatically lead to extraction of relevant features. Feature learning and extraction depends on how well the discriminant subspace is captured. In this paper, discriminant subspace learning of chemical data is discussed from the perspective of PLS-DA and a recent extension of PLS-DA, which is known as the locality preserving partial least squares discriminant analysis (LPPLS-DA). The objective is twofold: (a) to introduce the LPPLS-DA algorithm to the chemometrics community and (b) to demonstrate the superior discrimination capabilities of LPPLS-DA and how it can be a powerful alternative to PLS-DA. Four chemical data sets are used: three spectroscopic data sets and one that contains compositional data. Comparative performances are measured based on discrimination and classification of these data sets. To compare the classification performances, the data samples are projected onto the PLS-DA and LPPLS-DA subspaces, and classification of the projected samples into one of the different groups (classes) is done using the nearest-neighbor classifier. We also compare the two techniques in data visualization (discrimination) task. The ability of LPPLS-DA to group samples from the same class while at the same time maximizing the between-class separation is clearly shown in our results. In comparison with PLS-DA, separation of data in the projected LPPLS-DA subspace is more well defined.
Fulltext Cleaner production practices at company level enhance the desire of employees to have a significant positive impact on society through work

Farooq MS, Salam M

J Clean Prod, 2021 Feb 10;283:124605.
PMID: 33071478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124605

Implementation of cleaner production practices (CPP), service quality (SQ) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is often studied at organizational level. A number of studies on trio have reported it's significant impact on overall organizational performance and profitability across the globe. However, not much is studied about the individual level micro influence of these constructs on employee engagement (EE), organizational pride (OP), organizational identification (OI) and "desire to have a significant impact through work" (DSIW). Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive framework for assessing the impact of the implementation of CPP, SQ and CSR on EE, OP, OI and DSIW. Data collected from 320 non-managerial staff members employed at a garments manufacturing company in Pakistan was analyzed using partial least square (PLS) approach. Findings revealed that the implementation of CPP, SQ and CSR plays an important role in shaping EE, OP, OI and DSIW in the garments manufacturing industry. Further, it is found that the implementation of CPP has a non-significant impact on SQ. Additionally, results of the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) have also confirmed that the implementation of CPP at company level has shown a highest importance and performance amongst all the latent constructs proposed as predictors of DSIW in the garments manufacturing industry. These findings are a step forward and unique contribution of this study in the domain of CPP, SQ, CSR, EE, OP, OI and DSIW.
Fulltext Strategies to improve communication management within virtual project teams

Nuzul Azam Haron, Law, Teik Hua, Salihudin Hassim, Eftekhari, Fathollah, Muhammad Tahir Muhammad, Aizul Nahar Harun

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2019;27(4):2015-2030.
MyJurnal

Working in a virtual team presents many challenges. Communication is one of the most important challenges, especially when a virtual team includes members from different countries and background. Virtual project management enables organizations to save on resources such as cost and time. Organizations often struggle with poor communication in their geographically dispersed teams and ineffective communication have been identified as one of the main causes project failure. The aim of this study is to determine the most critical barriers to effective communication in virtual teams. A mixed method of data collection was adopted using semi structured interview with communication and construction experts, and questionnaire approach with construction companies that are G5-G7 rated. Data were analyzed using pareto and exploratory factor analysis for the development of a strategy for enhancement of communication management within virtual teams. The result shows that lack of trust and misunderstanding are the most important barrier to communication within virtual teams. However, managing communication process has been identified to have more impact on the barriers, while planning communication has the least impact. Establishing rule for response and changing focus from individual to group were identified as the two most important factors required in order to sustain trust within virtual teams.
Fulltext Evaluation of antidepressant activity of pogostemon cablin benth: Behavioral and acute oral toxicity studies

Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Hasif Adli Zakariah, Ezzad Ghuzlan, Hussin Muhammad

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;1(2):49-62.
MyJurnal

Depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, which affects 21% of the world population. Study revealed that by 2020, depressive disorder will be the top disability disease in the world. The treatment involving drugs can impose a various side effects including cardiac toxicity, hypopieasia, sexual dysfunstion, body weight gain, and sleep disorder. During the last decade, there is a growing interest on the use of natural products for mental disorders treatment. In this study, Pogostemon cablin benth was use to examine its antidepressant activity. Antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Pogostemon cablin benth (AEPCB) on rat n = 6 was investigated by using Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test and rotarod apparatus test models. Fluoxetine was used as reference standards. AEPCB at the dose of 2000 mg has no toxic to rat orally. It has been observed from the study that AEPCB at higher concentration from 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg showed significant (p
Fulltext Growth kinetics of citrus suhuiensis cell suspension

Noor Illi Mohamad Puad, Muhammad Alif Sarji, Nur Alia M. Fathil, Muhammad Yusuf Abduh

Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2018;1(1):1-13.
MyJurnal

Citrus is one of the major commodities in many countries including Malaysia.
However, production of citrus including Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) is declining due to
diseases and inability to withstand low temperatures. Plant cultures such as cell suspension have the
potential in propagating disease-free and healthy Citrus fruits with value-added characteristics.
However, studies related to C. suhuiensis is still scarce. Therefore, the growth kinetics of C.
suhuiensis cell suspension culture was studied. Friable callus of C. suhuiensis which was induced
from seeds was inoculated into MS medium with 30 g/L sucrose, 0.5 g/L malt extract and 2.0 mg/L
2, 4-D for the cell suspension initiation. Several batch experiments using a few types of sugars
(sucrose, glucose and fructose) were carried out. The cell dry weight (CDW) of C. suhuiensis was
recorded for 30 days of culture period and residual sugars in the medium were analyzed using
HPLC. Cells grown in 30 g/L sucrose achieved the highest CDW (9.559 g/L) with µmax equals to
0.00512/h, compared to glucose and fructose. In addition, sucrose is the preferred carbon source
with the highest uptake rate (0.213 g/L·h). Cells completely hydrolyzed sucrose into glucose and
fructose after 5 days of inoculation. All sugars were completely utilized by C. suhuiensis cells after
25 days. The kinetic growth parameters determined from batch experiments were then used for
model simulation and verification in MATHCAD 15. After adjustments and refinement to the
selected kinetic parameters, the model has fairly described and predicted the growth and sugars
profile of C. suhuiensis cells. The proposed model can be used to predict sucrose hydrolysis, glucose
and fructose formation from sucrose and their consumption by plant cells and also for larger scale
of growth.
Fulltext Animal studies on male fertility enhancing properties of plants in Malaysia: a review of the past 16 years

Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Hussin Muhammad, Roszaman Ramli

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):44-55.
MyJurnal

For centuries, people have been practising phytomedicine in treating ailments or reducing risk of suffering certain diseases. It is considered as a part of an ancient medicine with interest in it becomes rapidly escalating in this modern era. Expansive and prescribed medicine is not the only true path to treat various illnesses. Without disclaiming the modern medicine, herbs can be used as an alternative or a combined therapy with conventional medication. Phytomedicine or ethnomedicine is not a new
field in the world of research. It has been started long ago since the ancient times. As we realized the expensive modern medication is not the only mean to treat illness, interest in the discovery of remedy through natural or conventional products has become more escalating. (Copied from article)

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