Employees support during the implementation of planned organizational changes is important to ensure
successful change. Therefore, this study attempts to explain the phenomenon of behavioral support for
change by integrating Lewin's Three Steps Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The literature
review of planned organizational change models developed by previous researchers based on the Three
Steps of Lewin Change Model was undertaken before the change model for this study was developed which involved three phases of change namely motivation to change, commitment to change, and
behavioural support for change. Based on that model, the Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to
explain the relationship between the variables where perceived benefits of change (attitude), supervisor
support (subjective norms) and change self-efficacy (perceived behavioural control) was predicted to
influence commitment to change (behavioral intention), which in turn affects individual behaviour to
support change (behavior). Subsequently, this study proposes a conceptual model based on the latest
literature to be implemented in depth empirical studies to test the proposed model.
Artikel ini meneliti desentralisasi kuasa dan hubungnya dengan penglibatan komuniti Iban dalam Skim
Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (SPKR). Bagi tujuan pengumpulan data kajian, kaedah temu bual
berstruktur menggunakan borang soal selidik telah dijalankan ke atas 260 Ketua Isi Rumah (KIR)
rumah panjang di Daerah Song, Sarawak. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan desentralisasi kuasa dalam
program di bawah SPKR berada pada tahap sederhana. Analisis Ujian Khi Kuasa Dua pula
menunjukkan terdapat perhubungan yang signifikan (p ≤ 0.05) antara tahap desentralisasi kuasa dengan
penglibatan masyarakat Iban dalam pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah SPKR. Ini
menggambarkan semakin tinggi tahap desentralisasi kuasa yang diterima oleh masyarakat, maka
semakin tinggi tahap penglibatan mereka dalam aktiviti pelaksanaan dan penilaian program di bawah
skim tersebut. Sebaliknya, perhubungan tersebut adalah tidak signifikan (p ≥ 0.05) dari segi tahap
penglibatan dalam membuat keputusan dan berkongsi manfaat daripada program di bawah SPKR.
This study aims to identify the level of 'Environmental Literacy' among students in Sabah. The sample
consisted of 110 respondents who were randomly selected among form 5 students in a secondary
school in Tawau district, Sabah. A quantitative approach with a survey technique was used in this
study. The descriptive data obtained indicate that the level of sustainable development element in
Environmental Literacy is higher than other elements in this construct. This data also shows the level
of Environmental Literacy respondents are at high level (mean score = 4.20, SP = 0.30). While the ttest
showed there was no significant difference in environmental literacy among secondary school
students on the basis of gender although the mean difference showed that female students were more
than male students. In conclusion, the level of environmental literacy for students is at a acceptable and
respondents agreed that the elements of sustainable development incorporated in the definition of
'Environmental Literacy'.
The purpose of this study is to determine the strength of the school's organizational climate
influences, which includes four dimensions: collegial leadership, teacher professionalism,
academic emphasis and community involvement on metacognition awareness among teachers
that working in primary schools in the Northern Island Zone of Sabah. Using a quantitative
approach, this study is based on an ‘ex post facto’ study design. The data were collected
through questionnaire instrument by using the "School Climate Index" (SCI) and
"Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Teacher" (MAIT). Through the purposive sampling
design, a total of 151 teachers that teaching at 14 primary schools in the island zone were
involved in this study. Descriptive and inference statistics were used to analyze the data and to present the findings of the study. The data were analyzed by using Multiple Regression
Analysis. The findings show that the level of school organization climate (M = 4.15, SD = .40)
and teachers' metacognition awareness (M = 4.11, SD = .40) are at a high and positive level.
The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that two dimensions of the constructs of
the school organization climate : colegial leadership (β = .293, t = 3.536, p
This research considered housing experiences of Pakistani labors in Malaysia that is a main aspect in
successful integration. The main focus was on housing rental market, the housing quality and the
unfavourable health influences by insufficient housing. Little study was conducted on the housing
experiences of Pakistani labor in Malaysia. A qualitative research with inductive approach was applied.
Pakistani immigrant labors from Klang Valley were informants in this research. Data were gathered
through in-depth interviews. The results indicated that immigrants have their housing more tough than
predicted, mostly due to high costs. Immigrants were split about the quality of rental houses. Those
who were satisfied could afford the house in private housing market. However, those immigrants who
were not satisfied could not afford more suitable housing. They have issues of over-crowding, pest
infiltration, damp properties. This research recommended that services of housing and settlement
should deliver more direct support to new immigrants. Immigration settlement policies must ensure the
presence of more affordable housing; employment opportunities that offer a satisfactory salary and
quality programs and services to integrate new immigrants into the public.
The Northeast Monsoon flood disaster is a nature catastrophic that struck during monsoon season,
which from October to December, is negatively impact to the local communities. Therefore, this study
conducted to determine the effectiveness of internal factors in confronts the monsoon flood disaster in
Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This reseach involved with quantitative methods, where questionnaires is
require to collect and gather the data. This questionnaires is divided into two parts, namely
demographic profile and internal factors in confronts the monsoon flood. Targeted sample size was set
to 400 respondents and the study area is concentrated in Kota Bharu city. The analysis used in this
study is the correlation coefficient between variables. The results indicate majority of respondents
settled adjacent to the river is likely to build timber-structured house and higher than the land surface or a poles house to avoid flood disasters. In addition, respondents are cautious especially when there is
continuous raining by preparing the daily need such as water, foods, boats, etc., which is sufficient for
long period of one month or more. Despite the floods that bring joy to some residents, however,
respondents will move to higher and safer area along with the important documents when necessary. In
conclusion, the residents practiced the concept of adaptation to face the monsoon floods through
physically and mentality, as well as ensuring safety and healthy are in good condition to avoid any
unwanted circumstances.
The Textile Industry of Pakistan is considered as life line of country’s economy. It accounts around
55% share of total economy. Major exports from textiles are yarns, raw and finished fabrics and also
limited quantity of value added textile items. However from last one decade textile industry is facing
lot of problems in terms of getting and maintaining export orders. Most of customers globally now
giving preferences to other regional competitors. Due to this Pakistani Textile Industry losing its
competitiveness day by day which resulted loss in millions of US Dollars per years. The raw woven
fabric manufacturing sector that lies almost in middle of supply line having sharing of 8% in world
exports. The performance of this value added product responsible also overall performance of sector.
The literature review on internal factors specifically related to this sector still in gap which author tries
to cover up. The literature review delineated accordingly with respect to internal factors such as
product types, innovations, energy cost, inventory and green textile concepts which gives effect on
export performance of weaving industry.
The purpose of this survey study is to identify the type of student learning style preferences in history
subjects, as well to identify whether there are significantly mean differences of learning style on
student demographic aspects such as gender, achievement level, subject stream and school location.
This study involved a total 521 form four students from a state of north peninsular of Malaysia through
simple random sampling technique. This adapted Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Questionnaires
which are validated by the content expert matters and have a good reliability values are the research
instrument in this study. The data of this study were analyzed descriptively and inferred such as
independent sample-t test through IBM SPPS software. The findings of this study indicated that the
history student preferences learning style is auditory style for physiological dimension and collaborative style for sociological dimension. Furthermore, the findings also showed that there are
significantly mean differences between learning style and student demographic aspects such as
achievement level, subject stream and school location. Therefore, the findings also reported that there
are no significant mean differences in learning style among male and female history students.
Essentially, the findings can be used by the State of Education Department, the Curriculum
Development Center and the history teachers to redesign the implementation of meaningful history
teaching and learning process by taking account of the student learning styles aspects.
This study seeks to identify the relations of modernism and postmodernism in feminism by looking
deeply on the development of its definitions, waves of feminism and framework in its specific schools
of thought; liberal, classical Marxist, socialist and radical feminism. By adapting qualitative descriptive
study, this study covers mainly secondary data from English language sources, be it from books,
academic articles or any literatures pertaining to this topic, which obtained from various databases.
This study argues that modernism and postmodernism is the worldviews that become the essence of
feminism. By looking at the variations of how feminism is studied, e.g. definitions, waves and school
of thought, this study concluded that there are several points indicating the relations that exist between
modernism and postmodernism with feminism. Modernism can be seen in the relational approach of
the liberal, classical Marxist and socialist feminism in the first wave, which are more centered on
education, politics and economic participation. Meanwhile, the relation of postmodernism to feminism
is exampled in the deconstructing approach of the radical feminism that began from the second wave
shown in their individualist views on sex, sexuality, motherhood, childbirth, and language institution.
By identifying modernism and postmodernism as the essence of feminism, it can provide a thorough
understanding on how it relates to the construction and development of feminism itself. Besides that, it
also delineates pathway and limitation especially in providing critiques to feminism. Moreover, it also
helps to provide a new paradigm in looking at the feminism based on its essences that surpasses
traditional dimensions of feminism studies that usually separate feminism discourse into specific
variations.
Present research investigated the impact of executive dysfunction on academic performance among
students in their middle childhood. It was hypothesized that school teacher’s rating of executive
dysfunction in students can significantly predict their performance in Mathematics and Science
subjects. The study used primary data which was collected from public schools of Lahore. An
indigenized executive dysfunction inventory was constructed for this purpose and psychometric
properties were established. It was postulated that student’s performance in Science and Math will vary
based on their executive dysfunction and the results attested to this hypothesis. Demographic properties
were also evaluated through age, number of siblings, gender, family system, and mother profession.
Statistical findings revealed that higher level of executive dysfunction is associated with lower level of
science and math performance.
On May 2018, Malaysia witnessed a full-scale wave of change when the dominant authoritarian party
Barisan Nasional was defeated under the pretext of democratic process known as the “mother of all
elections”. The electoral victory was finally secured by the opposition party Pakatan Harapan. The
outcomes suggested that the wave of political change and the democratization process were not
impossible and yet inevitable and inclusive by taking into account the notion of multi-racial society.
This study presents a theoretical debates by inserting an empirical comprehension so that the embedded
phenomenon can be explored profoundly in regards to the ideas of regime change and democratization
through election.
This study is aimed at identify the influence of teacher’s teaching toward quality of teachers’ teaching
among rural primary school teachers in Sabah, Malaysia. The study utilised the servey method by
combining several variable sampling techniques to obtain samples. A total of 380 respondents were
involved in answering the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis shows teachers’ teaching and quality of
teachers’ teaching being practised at a high level. While a One-way ANOVA test results show that
there is no significant difference in teachers’ teaching and quality teachers’ teaching based on teaching
experience. In the same study, multiple regression analysis also implemented. The findings show that
the overall contribution predicted by teachers’ teaching towards quality teachers’ teaching is 24.8
percent.
The Textile Industry of Pakistan is considered as lifeline of the country's economy. It accounts for
around 55% share of the total economy. Major exports from textiles are yarns, raw and finished fabrics
and also a limited quantity of value-added textile items. However, from the last one-decade, the textile
industry is facing a lot of problems in terms of getting and maintaining export orders. Most of the
customers globally now giving preferences to other regional competitors. Due to this Pakistani Textile
Industry losing its competitiveness day by day. There are very less studies carried out on this hot issue
especially in context of Pakistan. There is contextual gap exist in the literature review on external
factors. In this Paper author made literature review on six external factors such as exchange rate, GDP,
FDI, Quota, Technology and political instability and their impact found discussed on various studies.
The study was conducted to determine the level of utility which is the satisfaction of form 6 teachers in
Sabah. The utility level of work is dependent variable and pressure and personality is an independent
variable. This study was carried out using questionnaires instruments. This study involving 340 Form
Six teachers comprising Tawau, Semporna, Lahad Datu, Sandakan and Kota Kinabalu districts out of
1320 Form six teacher population in Sabah. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package For
Science (SPSS) version 23.0 to get the accurate results.
An action research aims to identify whether historical conceptual understanding can be enhanced
through the Peer with Sources-Cards technique introduced in history subjects for students. The six
students selected through purposive sampling technique have been used as sample in this study.
Kemmis and McTaggart models, (1988) are used in this study which involved quantitative and
qualitative data collection such as performance tests, interviews and observations. The findings of the
study showed that there was improvement dan retention of historical conceptual understanding, as well
the misconception which existed among students could be reduced through Peer with Sources-Cards
technique. Students also demonstrated a positive perception of the implementation of Peer with
Sources-Cards technique in the process of teaching and learning history. It is hoped that the Peer with
Sources-Cards technique method should be extended to all other levels of form with different topics
that enable the process of teaching and learning of history to be more fun.
High-risk sexual behavior among young adults is concerning to clinicians, public health practitioners
and policy makers because it is associated with unintended health outcomes including transmission of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. This paper analyzes how knowledge
of HIV, experience with dating behavior, and perception of peer behavior factors are associated with
having sexual intercourse and use of condoms among adolescent students in Malaysia. National data
from school-age adolescents who completed the Malaysian HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitude and
Practice survey were used. Chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were
performed. Having sexual intercourse was associated with urbaneness (p
The community has active roles to play to mitigate child maltreatment. In reviewing the Child Abuse
and Neglect prevention measurement in Malaysia, the readiness score is relatively at the moderate level
based on World Health Organization assessment tools. The primary objective was to assess a
relationship between collective efficacy and child maltreatment in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. The crosssectional
and correlational study has been adopted. A sum of 390 questionnaires were disseminated to
Petaling Jaya community, particularly those who were married with at minimum one child. The
findings have revealed that the social cohesion and child maltreatment possesses a significant
relationship (r= 0.111, p0.05) with child maltreatment. The findings of this study contribute to several significant
contribution. Several suggestions were provided for the Malaysian government to initiate some
community approaches in effort to mitigate child maltreatment. It is practically to recommend the
government to invigorate the comprehensive policies in fostering the community awareness to exercise
their social responsibility in community in addressing the child maltreatment issues. The community
awareness enables to enhance proactive involvement in which it could prompt the active action and
establish a set of partnership among community group members. Hence, it is able to strengthen the
solid protection to increase the resilience of children due to the proactive society to protect the
vulnerable children and have zero tolerance on violence against children.
The crime of human trafficking is a phenomenon that practically affects every part of the world. The
crime is generally influenced by various political as well as socio-economic factors. Oftentimes,
victimization, causal factors, and policy response receive the most attention in human trafficking
studies, while other aspects like the market system or supply and demand in human trafficking are
given little focus. Hence, the objective of this paper is to analyze the market system and the intrinsic
elements that influence the supply and demand in human trafficking, with a reference to the case study
of Sabah, Malaysia. The qualitative data for this paper were obtained through personal observation and
interviews with public officials from the government enforcement agencies like the Royal Malaysian
Police, Immigration Department of Malaysia, as well as former traffickers, ex-victims, and
academicians. Besides, various reports from the government, non-governmental organizations, and
news media helped to collate and provide a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. Using
perspectives from the economics of crime, this paper examined the macro and micro-level factors that
regulate the supply and demand in human trafficking. The findings suggest that the supply of trafficked
labour in Sabah is influenced by macro-level factors like globalization, unequal economic
development, demographic factors, and domestic conflict, while the demand for trafficked labour is
amplified by the factors such as consumers, exploiters, socio-culture, and the state. These elements are
essential in regulating the market system of supply and demand in human trafficking. An inclusive
understanding of supply and demand in human trafficking is important as it has implications for
knowledge development as well as policy responses to disrupt the market forces that sustain the crime.
Racial polarisation issues in public higher learning institutions has long been debated and continues to
exist even with the many effort for unity seen through nation’s education policies. Despite the
existence of opportunities for students to interact with the other ethnic throughout their studies, their
social relation was relatively moderate. Past findings suggested further studies be made to the factors
contributing to racial polarisation and that there should be a platform which encouraged students to
cooperate and enabled them to reached a common ground. The objective of this paper is to do a
preliminary survey on inter-ethnic dialogue which could become a platform in enhancing good social
relation between students of different ethnics in public and private universities. A successful interethnic
dialogue must include the four dimension of social relation: assimilation, amalgamation,
acculturation and accommodation, with which the social relation in Malaysia revolves, contributed
primarily by its historical and political factors.
This article is aimed to research and to know the impact of personality, skill, core competent level professional training and transformation strategy as professional practice by the administrator towards teachers’ commitment in secondary school in Sabah. The country needs education system transformation and the school admins are seen to be the vital element in developing a High Performance School in facing the challenge of the 21st century. The research framework is based on the Northhouse Main Leadership Model Trait (2003, 2007), School Leadership Competency IAB (2009), Katz Three Model Skills (1974), Effective Leadership Framework by Strike, Sims, Mann and Whilhite (2016) and Teachers Commitment (Danneta, 2002). Qualitative research design is used with stratified random sampling with 1440 samples from 30 urban secondary schools and 30 rural secondary schools. The instrument used in this research is a set of questionnaire that was set by the researcher based on the observation and literature review. The finding of the research is hoped to give the best innovation strategy to prepare and to produce a highly qualified principal or headmaster to lead the school organization and to ensure the success of the National Education Development Plan (PPPM 2013-2025).
Keywords: leadership, teachers' comitment, national education development plan