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Growth pattern of urban Malaysian infants

Hashim Z

J Trop Pediatr, 1992 Aug;38(4):204-5.
PMID: 1527822
Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn/growth & development*
Infant mortality and socioeconomic development: evidence from Malaysian household data

DaVanzo J

Demography, 1988 Nov;25(4):581-95.
PMID: 3267541

Household data from Malaysia are used to assess the roles of a number of mortality correlates in explaining the inverse relationship between the infant mortality rate (IMR) and socioeconomic development. Increases in mothers' education and improvements in water and sanitation are the most important household-level changes that accompany regional and temporal development and contribute to the inverse relationship between the IMR and development. One concomitant of development--reduced reduced breastfeeding--has kept the relationship from being even stronger. Continued prevalence of extended breastfeeding in the poorer states of Peninsular Malaysia and a narrowing of educational and sanitation differentials helped close the IMR gap between the richer and the poorer states.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Neonatal alimentary obstruction in Malaysia

Laidin AZ, Mohd Nor M, Abdul Wahab Y, Mahamooth Z

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):281-9.
PMID: 7177013

Over the six-veer periodfrom. 1976 to 1981, there were 241 neonates referred to the U.K.M. Paediatric Surgical Unit, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur for alimentary tract obstruction and 207 were operated on. The three commonest conditions were anorectal anomalies (91 cases), Hirschsprung's disease (31 cases) and oesophageal atresia (30 cases). Overall operatioe mortality was 28.0 percent. This was high when preoperative complications lihe gut perforation (88.9 percent) or pneumonia (61.9 percent) and associated severe anomalies (90.9 percent) or chromosomal abnormalities (66.7 percent) were present. Emphasis is placed on the establishment of early diagnosis and the significance of the green vomit and maternal hydramnios is highlighted, The need is felt for more specialised nurses and the creation of a separate neonatal ICU in this hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/surgery*
Problems and potential of researching epidemiological transition: examples from Southeast Asia

Phillips DR

Soc Sci Med, 1991;33(4):395-404.
PMID: 1948152

The concept of epidemiological transition is now quite widely recognized, if not so widely accepted. The transition appears to progress at varying speeds and to different extents spatially; it seems that there can be considerable international, regional and local variations in its progress. The paper examines this contention in the case of a number of countries in Southeast Asia, principally Hong Kong, Malaysia and Thailand. Drawing on evidence from this region, the paper highlights the importance when researching epidemiological transition of the time period under consideration; socio-cultural variations; the nature and quality of data, and spatial scale. It makes some suggestions as to the potential of the concept of epidemiological transition in health care planning and development studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Priority in special care nurseries in Malaysia

Lam KL

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):1-3.
PMID: 6633326
Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Breast-feeding in Sarawak

Chan M

Br Med J, 1980 Feb 09;280(6211):401.
PMID: 7362987
Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Should neonates with specific "risk factors" be admitted to the special care nursery?

Yao SC, Chai MC, Singh A

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):29-36.
PMID: 2152066

Existing criteria for admission of newborns to the special care nursery, Sarawak General Hospital, resulted in the admission of many neonates with certain risk factors ("at risk" neonates). To test whether such babies could be safely and better cared for in postnatal wards, 392 of these babies were randomly allocated into two groups. One group of 196 was admitted to the special care nursery and the other group of 196 was cared for with their mothers in the postnatal wards. The two groups were compared for mortality, morbidity and breastfeeding. There was no significant difference in mortality and morbidity between the two groups. While in hospital a larger proportion of babies cared for in postnatal wards were breastfed, compared to babies admitted to the special care nursery. In addition, they initiated their breastfeeding earlier. Babies with these risk factors should therefore be cared for with their mothers in the postnatal wards.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Care*; Infant, Newborn
Perinatal mortality with particular reference to the Singapore situation

Tan KL

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2):252-63.
PMID: 6497323

Perinatal mortality rates have been gradually declining in all countries. The initial decline mainly resulted from improvements in the late foetal mortality rates. Later with improvements in neonatal care, early neonatal mortality rates also improved. The developed countries have consistently shown better results than the developing countries, an indication of the higher standard of living, general health as well as the delivery of health care in these countries. In the Singapore situation, a rapid improvement in perinatal mortality was initially observed due to improvements in the late foetal mortality, followed later by reduction in the early neonatal mortality due to upgrading of neonatal intensive care. The perinatal mortality rate is lowest in the Chinese compared to the Indians and Malays, most likely due to the dietary practices of the three ethnic groups in Singapore; while the Chinese encourage extra nutrition in the pregnant female, the Malays and Indians tend to practise dietary restriction during this period. The improved nutrition of the pregnant mother is a factor in improving the perinatal mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Recent birthweight distribution and trends in Kuala Lumpur

Chong YH, Hussein H

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):40-5.
PMID: 7121345

The birthweights of 13,614 singleton infants comprising 5376 Malays, 5352 Chinese and 2886 Indians born at the Maternity Hospital Kuala Lumpur, during 1973, 1975 and 1977 have been extracted and analysed. Male Chinese infants (3.16 ± 0.37 kg) were significantly heavier than Malay and Indian infants while the male Malay infants (3.12 ± 0.41 kg) were significantly heavier than the Indian (2.97 ± 0.41 kg). Both female Chinese (3.04 ± 0.38 kg) and Malay infants (3.05 ± 0.38 kg) were heavier than the female Indian (2.89 ± 0.39 kg) but there was no difference in birthweight between Chinese and Malay female infants. The mean gestational period and the proportion of full-term births were similar for all 3 races with averages of 39.9 weeks and 77.8 percent respectively. Maternal age at first birth was also closely similar for the three communities with an average of 22.9 years. Significant correlations were found between birthweight and length of neonates, birthweight and gravida, birthweight and maternal age. Indians have a higher incidence of low birthweight or small-for-gestational age infants (14.5 percent) compared to the Chinese (5.6 percent) and the Malays (7.6 percent); the incidence of low birthweights being higher in girls than in boys. Present-day Malay and Indian full-term male and female infants are significantly heavier than their counterparts born at the same Hospital two decades ago, but no difference in birthweight was observed for Chinese infants during this time interval. The gap between the incidence of low birthweight found in Malaysia and those in the developed countries seems to be narrowing and this may be taken to reflect the overall effects of socioeconomic development, including the greater availability of general health and ante-natal care throughout the country since its Independence in 1957.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn*
Fulltext Perinatal mortality: selected data from a survey

Zulkifli SN, Yusof K

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):292-9.
PMID: 3670150

This paper describes the findings of a survey on perinatal cases in Kuala Lumpur. Information on the deceased infants and their deliveries were documented as well as selected social, demographic and anthropometric data on the mothers. This includes quality of the home environment in terms of presence of basic amenities. It was evident that the lower classes were better represented in the sample.
This paper also highlights a major problem in retrospective studies, that of successfully tracing eligible respondents. There were also cases of non-cooperation. Another problem which emerged, and one common to many developing countries, was the incompleteness of birth weight records.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Mortality*; Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Treatment of tetanus neonatorum in a rural setting

Yong YF

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):74-6.
PMID: 6688850

Tetanus, especially tetanus neonatorum (T.N.) continues to be a significant medical and social problem in the developing countries. The case mortality rate remains very high even in the 'developed' countries, varying from 60-80 percent in various reports, and even higher in the case of tetanus neonatorum. Sanders et al had introduced the method of intrathecal injection of antitetanus serum (ATS) in 1976 and have achieved very encouraging results. As the conventional treatment of tetanus neonatorum had achieved very poor result, even in the very sophisticated centres, a case of tetanus neonatorum admitted to Cottage Hospital Semporna in Sabah had been treated with intrathecal ATS since June 1982. This paper reviews the results of this new approach to tetanus neonatorum treatment as compared to cases treated conventionally.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy*
The management of neonatal tetanus

Lee EL, Khoo BH, Lam KL

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Mar;32(3):220-4.
PMID: 683047
Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy*
Case report of neonatal ascites (urinary) due to obstructive uropathy

Devadason I

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):243-4.
PMID: 986534
Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Neonatal narcotic drug withdrawal syndrome

Khoo BH

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Jun;32(4):297-301.
PMID: 732626
Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis*
Fulltext Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity and refractive status in premature infants in Sabah Women and Children Hospital (SWACH)

Linggam, Rachel Clarice, Mohammed Danial A. Razak, Israk Mohd Isa, Hanisah Abdul Hamid, Shuaibah Abdul Ghani

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;3(101):13-14.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Myopia has been regarded as an important cause of blindness and visual impairment by WHO. Due to higher incidence of myopia in a preterm baby with ROP, early detection and visual rehabilitation need to commence as soon as possible to give the children better quality of life and prevent blindness in this population. To determine the prevalence of ROP and refractive status in premature infants in Sabah Women and Children Hospital, Kota Kinabalu in 2018. To establish the relationship between low BW and GA with the presentation of ROP.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
Fulltext Becoming a mother in a neonatal intensive care unit

KHATIJAH LIM ABDULLAH

Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2019;5(1):50-63.
MyJurnal

With advances in medicine, more and more premature infants who require round-the-clock nursing care due to one or more complex medical conditions are able to survive after receiving intensive treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The increased survival rate has resulted in a higher incidence of morbidity that may impose emotional and financial burdens on families, society and the healthcare system. This paper explores the experiences of mothers with premature babies who were admitted to a NICU. A generic qualitative approach was used to gain insights into the effects of the premature baby admission to a NICU through tape recorded semi structured open-ended questions interviews with 17 mothers whose premature babies were admitted to a NICU. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report themes and patterns within the data. Qualitative analysis of the descriptive data obtained from 17 mothers identified four major themes and 13 sub themes relating to avoidance, effects of the separation, ceremonies and inadequate preparation. The findings have several implications for practice by care professionals. It can help nurses to develop interventions to prepare mothers to cope with new situations, decreasing stress and psychological problems regarding the admission of their infants to the NICU.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
Should Partial Hydrolysates Be Used as Starter Infant Formula? A Working Group Consensus

Vandenplas Y, Alarcon P, Fleischer D, Hernell O, Kolacek S, Laignelet H, et al.

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2016 Jan;62(1):22-35.
PMID: 26513620 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001014

Partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHFs) are increasingly used worldwide, both in the prevention of atopic disease in at-risk infants and in the therapeutic management of infants with functional gastrointestinal manifestations. Because prevention is always preferable to treatment, we reviewed the literature aiming to find an answer for the question whether pHF may be recommended for feeding all infants if breast-feeding is not possible. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2014. In addition, to search for data that remained undetected by the searches, we approached authors of relevant articles and major producers of pHFs asking for unpublished data. Because few data were found, nonrandomized, controlled trials and trials in preterm infants were included as well. Overall, only limited data could be found on the efficacy and safety of pHF in healthy term infants. Available data do not indicate that pHFs are potentially harmful for healthy, term infants. With respect to long-term outcomes, particularly referring to immune, metabolic and hormonal effects, data are, however, nonexistent. From a regulatory point of view, pHFs meet the nutrient requirements to be considered as standard formula for term healthy infants. Cost, which is different from country to country, should be considered in the decision-making process. Based on limited available data, the use of pHF in healthy infants is safe with regard to growth. The lack of data, in particular for metabolic consequences and long-term outcomes, is, however, the basis for our recommendation that health authorities should develop and support long-term follow-up studies. Efficacy and long-term safety data are required before a recommendation of this type of formula for all infants can be made.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
Fulltext A laboratory study of fluoride concentration in infant formulas marketed in Malaysia and estimation of daily intake

Mohd Desa, S. N. F., Muhamad, N. A., Mohd Nor, N. A., Abdul Razak, F., Abdul Manan, N. S., Abdul Manan, N. S., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(5):893-902.
MyJurnal

The window of maximum susceptibility for the development of dental fluorosis for anterior
teeth is during the first two to three years of life. The primary source of fluoride intake for
infants at this age is mainly from the diet including infant formula. Thus, the present work
aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in commercially available Malaysian infant
formulas that required reconstitution before consumption. A total of 29 infant formulas available in the Malaysian market were reconstituted with deionised water, fluoridated tap water,
and filtered tap water. The fluoride concentration of the infant formulas was analysed directly
using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The daily fluoride intake estimation from the infant
formulas was calculated using the median infant body weight and recommended volumes for
formula consumption from newborn to > 12 months of age. Results showed that the fluoride
concentration of the infant formulas when reconstituted with deionised water ranged between
0.009 to 0.197 mg/L that contributed to the estimated daily fluoride intake ranging from 0.005
to 0.100 mg (total intake per day) or 0.001 to 0.025 mg/kg (total intake per body weight/day).
The fluoride concentration in the selected infant formulas was low, but after reconstitution
with fluoridated tap water, the overall fluoride concentration in infant formulas sample significantly increased (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the estimated daily fluoride intake from infant
formulas alone did not exceed the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of fluoride
at 0.10 mg/kg/day.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant Formula
Nutritional therapies in the neonatal intensive care unit and post-natal growth outcomes of preterm very low birthweight Asian infants

Lee LY, Lee J, Niduvaje K, Seah SS, Atmawidjaja RW, Cheah FC

J Paediatr Child Health, 2020 Mar;56(3):400-407.
PMID: 31618507 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14634

AIM: A collaborative study was conducted between two Southeast Asian university hospitals to compare the nutritional intervention and growth outcomes and evaluate the extent of post-natal growth faltering (PNGF) among very low birthweight (VLBW) infants.
METHODS: Data of all infants admitted during the 2011-2012 period to the two hospitals at Singapore (SG) and Malaysia (MY) were pooled and analysed.
RESULTS: Of the 236 infants, SG infants received lower total protein and energy intake than MY infants (2.69 vs. 3.54 g/kg/day and 92.4 vs. 128.9 kcal/kg/day respectively; P infants predominantly fed fortified breast milk than Malaysian infants (45/48 vs. 10/41; P infants had severe PNGF >-2 SDS (55 vs. 16%; P = 0.001). The greater use of a diuretic in SG to treat haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) may have contributed to the higher PNGF rate. Mean growth velocity of at least 15 g/kg/day was attained by VLBW infants only from Day 14 and by ELBW infants only from Day 28 post-natally. Overall, severe PNGF rates (z-score change >-2 SDS at 36 weeks' corrected age) were 28.8 and 36.5% for VLBW and ELBW infants, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Being very preterm, ELBW with hsPDA and receiving insufficient protein and energy were risk factors for severe PNGF. Increasing protein and energy content, augmenting fortification of breast milk and concentrating feed volumes, especially if there is an hsPDA, may curb severe PNGF among these infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
Fulltext Effect of multi-pronged interventions in reducing low birth weight and maternal anaemia among pregnant women. A community-based interventions research in non-agrarian resource constrained setting of rural Pakistan

Thaver I, Ahmad AM, Ashraf M, Asghar SK, Mirza MS

J Pak Med Assoc, 2020 Dec;70(12(A)):2092-2101.
PMID: 33475578 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.1218

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on maternal and infant health of iron plus folate and multiple micronutrient supplements, along with deworming and health education session provided to pregnant women in rural, nonagrarian and food-insecure areas.
METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in Tharparker and Umerkot districts, Sindh, Pakistan, in 2013-14, and comprised pregnant women in their earlier weeks of pregnancy. The enrolment and follow-up phase entailed 3 visits to each subject. Areas covered by lady health workers were designated as intervention areas, and those with non-LHW population were labelled as non-intervention areas.
RESULTS: Of the 1204 subjects, 600(49.8%) were in the intervention group and 604(50.2%) were in the nonintervention group. By the end of the follow-up phase, significantly more women had increased number of meals in the intervention group compared to the non-intervention group (p<0.001). There was a significantly higher increase in mean haemoglobin levels and body mass index of women in the intervention arm after 3 and 6 months of interventions (p<0.05). Significantly higher mean birth weight was recorded in intervention areas compared to nonintervention areas (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Community-based provision of multiple micronutrients to women along with deworming, health education and dietary counselling significantly reduced the prevalence of anaemia and reduced the incidence of low birth weight.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn

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