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Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 743 in total

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Hepatitis C and hepatitis E vaccines: research update

Locarnini S

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:116-24.
PMID: 16108191
Matched MeSH terms: Viral Hepatitis Vaccines*
Characterizing Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 virus-like particles production in insect cells

Somasundaram B, Chang C, Fan YY, Lim PY, Cardosa J, Lua L

Methods, 2016 Feb 15;95:38-45.
PMID: 26410190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.09.023

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are two viruses commonly responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. The lack of prophylactic or therapeutic measures against HFMD is a major public health concern. Insect cell-based EV71 and CVA16 virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates against HFMD and are currently under development. In this paper, the influence of insect cell line, incubation temperature, and serial passaging effect and stability of budded virus (BV) stocks on EV71 and CVA16 VLP production was investigated. Enhanced EV71 and CVA16 VLP production was observed in Sf9 cells compared to High Five™ cells. Lowering the incubation temperature from the standard 27°C to 21°C increased the production of both VLPs in Sf9 cells. Serial passaging of CVA16 BV stocks in cell culture had a detrimental effect on the productivity of the structural proteins and the effect was observed with only 5 passages of BV stocks. A 2.7× higher production yield was achieved with EV71 compared to CVA16. High-resolution asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation couple with multi-angle light scattering (AF4-MALS) was used for the first time to characterize EV71 and CVA16 VLPs, displaying an average root mean square radius of 15±1nm and 15.3±5.8 nm respectively. This study highlights the need for different approaches in the design of production process to develop a bivalent EV71 and CVA16 vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis*; Viral Vaccines/genetics; Viral Vaccines/immunology; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/biosynthesis*; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
Fulltext Polio vaccination in Pakistan: by force or by volition?

Khan TM, Chiau LM

Lancet, 2015 Oct 31;386(10005):1733.
PMID: 26545429 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00689-3
Matched MeSH terms: Poliovirus Vaccines*
Dengue vaccine in regions of endemic disease

Chew CH, Goh PP, Lim TO

N Engl J Med, 2016 04 07;374(14):1388.
PMID: 27050221 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1514451
Matched MeSH terms: Dengue Vaccines/immunology*
Fulltext Polio vaccination in Pakistan

Khan MU, Ahmad A

Lancet, 2015 Jul 25;386(9991):337.
PMID: 26227462 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61405-2
Matched MeSH terms: Poliovirus Vaccines*
Fulltext Typhoid fever: present and future

Merican I

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):299-308; quiz 309.
PMID: 10968104

Typhoid fever (TF), a systemic prolonged febrile illness, continues to be a worldwide health problem especially in developing countries where there is poor sanitation and poor standards of personal hygiene. The worldwide incidence of TF is estimated to be approximately 16 million cases annually with 7 million cases occurring annually in SE Asia alone. More than 600,000 people die of the disease annually. The pathogenesis of TF is beginning to be understood. The clinical features and diagnosis of TF are well known. New diagnostic methods have yet to gain universal acceptance. Traditional treatment with the first-line antibiotics (i.e. chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) though still being used in most developing countries are gradually being replaced with shorter courses of treatment with third generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones especially with the growing incidence of multi-drug resistant S typhi strains (MDR-ST). MDR-ST strains are particularly common in the Indian subcontinent; Pakistan and China. The presently available vaccines are far from satisfactory in terms of safety, efficacy and costs. Newer vaccines have been developed and are presently undergoing clinical trials in human volunteers.

Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology
Fulltext Evaluation of cold chain monitoring in Kelantan, Malaysia

Hanjeet K, Lye MS, Sinniah M, Schnur A

Bull World Health Organ, 1996;74(4):391-7.
PMID: 8823961

An analysis was carried out on a total of 883 cold chain monitor (CCM) cards, which had been attached to batches of poliomyelitis, measles, DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and hepatitis B vaccines, during their transport and storage from the central store in Kuala Lumpur to Kelantan, a state in north-eastern Malaysia; 234 freeze watches attached to hepatitis B vaccines were also analysed. The monitor cards and freeze watches were observed at six levels between the central store and the periphery during distribution of the vaccines, and a colour change in any of the four windows (A, B, C, D) on the CCM cards or the freeze watches was recorded. In addition, 33 unopened vials of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), collected from refrigerators in 29 health facilities in Kelantan, were tested for potency using the tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) method; 14 of them (42%) did not meet the WHO criteria for potent vaccines. The results showed that at the final destination 13.4% of all cards remained white while a colour change to blue was observed in 65% in window A, 16.6% in window B, and 4.4% in window C; none had turned blue in window D indicating that the vaccine had not been subjected to temperatures > or = 34 degrees C for 2 hours. All but 2 of the 234 freeze watches had turned purple, which indicates exposure of the hepatitis B vaccines to temperatures below 0 degree C. These results will assist health planners to correct the weaknesses identified in the cold chain system.

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines*
Fulltext Immunogenicity of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in children and adults

Sinniah M, Halimah M, Krishnamurthy T, Lye MS, Choo CH, Shamsiah I

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):336-40.
PMID: 7674968

Immunisation of health care workers and staff working in laboratory and hospital settings has been implemented since 1988. However due to the high cost of currently available HBV vaccine, many health personnel outside the Ministry of Health are not being immunised. This study sought to determine the immunogenicity of three doses of a low cost plasma-derived Korean HBV vaccine on employees of an institute for mentally handicapped and their spouses and children. We found that the Hepatitis B Vaccine-KGCC to be safe and immunogenic. The response to 10 mcg and 20 mcg Hepatitis B Vaccine-KGCC after third dose was good with 100% seroconversion.

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology*
Rabies in Malaysia

Tan YS

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1988 Dec;19(4):535-6.
PMID: 3238465
Matched MeSH terms: Rabies Vaccines/therapeutic use
Getting to the heart of influenza vaccination in winter travellers

Flaherty GT

J Travel Med, 2019 Jan 01;26(1).
PMID: 30590731 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tay158
Matched MeSH terms: Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use*
Acceptance and willingness to pay for a hypothetical vaccine against monkeypox viral infection among frontline physicians: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Setiawan AM, Anwar S, Wahyuni S, et al.

Vaccine, 2020 10 07;38(43):6800-6806.
PMID: 32861468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.034

BACKGROUND: A clinical trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a monkeypox vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs). The critical question that needs to be addressed is whether HCWs are willing to accept and purchase this vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the vaccine among HCWs.
METHODS: From May to July 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among registered general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia. A contingent valuation method was employed to evaluate the WTP. Besides acceptance and WTP, various explanatory variables were also collected and assessed. A logistic regression and a multivariable linear regression were used to explore the explanatory variables influencing acceptance and WTP, respectively.
RESULTS: Among 407 respondents, 391 (96.0%) expressed acceptance of a free vaccination. The mean and median WTP was US$ 37.0(95%CI:US$ 32.76-US$ 41.23) and US$ 17.90(95%CI:US$ 17.90-US$ 17.90), respectively. In an unadjusted analysis, those 30 years old or younger had 2.94 times greater odds of vaccine acceptance compared to those who were older (95%CI: 1.07-8.08). Location of alma mater, type of workplace, length of individual medical experience, and monthly income of GPs were all significantly associated with WTP.
CONCLUSION: Although the vast majority of GPs would accept a freely provided vaccine, they were also somewhat price sensitive. This finding indicates that partial subsidy maybe required to achieve high vaccine coverage, particularly among GPs at community health centres or those with a shorter duration of medical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines*
Intranasal inoculation of recombinant DNA vaccine ABA392 against haemorrhagic septicaemia disease

Kang TL, Chelliah S, Velappan RD, Kabir N, Mohamad J, Nor Rashid N, et al.

Lett Appl Microbiol, 2019 Nov;69(5):366-372.
PMID: 31508837 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13215

We evaluate the efficacy of recombinant DNA vaccine ABA392 against haemorrhagic septicaemia infection through intranasal administration route by targeting the mucosal immunity. The DNA vaccine was constructed and subjected to animal study using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. The study was divided into two major parts: (i) active and (ii) passive immunization studies, involving 30 animals for each part. Each group was then divided into five test groups: two test samples G1 and G2 with 50 and 100 µg ml-1 purified DNA vaccine; one positive control G5 with 106 CFU per ml formalin-killed PMB2; and two negative controls, G3 and G4 with normal saline and pVAX1 vector. Both studies were conducted for the determination of immunogenicity by total white blood cell count (TWBC), indirect ELISA and histopathological changes for the presence of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Our findings demonstrate that TWBC, IgA and IgG increased after each of the three vaccination regimes: groups G1, G2 and G5. Test samples G1 and G2 showed significant differences (P

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage*; Bacterial Vaccines/genetics; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology; Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage*; Vaccines, DNA/genetics; Vaccines, DNA/immunology
Fulltext Validation study of the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire: the Malay version

Abd Halim H, Abdul-Razak S, Md Yasin M, Isa MR

Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2020 05 03;16(5):1040-1049.
PMID: 31567057 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1674112

Vaccine hesitant parents are linked with re-emergence of vaccine preventable diseases, but evidence is scarce locally. The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire was validated and used in the USA to identify vaccine hesitant parents. This study aimed to adapt and translate the 15-item PACV questionnaire from English into the Malay language, and to examine its validity and reliability. The sample population was parents of children aged 0-24 months, recruited at an urban government health clinic between November 2016-June 2017. During content validation, two items from the "Behavior" subdomain were identified as items with formative scale and excluded from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) but retained as part of demography. A total of 151 parents completed the questionnaire with response rate of 93.3%. Test-retest reliability was tested in 25 respondents four weeks later and the intra-class correlation was between 0.53 and 1.00. EFA of the 13 items showed possibility of two to four factor domains, but three domains were most conceptually equivalent. Two of the domains were similar to the original and one factor was identified de novo. One item was deleted due to poor factor loading of < 0.3. Therefore, the validated final PACV-Malay consisted of 12 items framed within three-factor domains. The PACV-Malay was reliable with total Cronbach alpha of 0.77. In conclusion, the PACV-Malay is a valid and reliable tool which can be used to identify vaccine hesitant parents in Malaysia. Confirmatory factor analysis and predictive validity are recommended for future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines*
Fulltext Multidimensional social and cultural norms influencing HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia

Wong LP, Wong PF, Megat Hashim MMAA, Han L, Lin Y, Hu Z, et al.

Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2020 07 02;16(7):1611-1622.
PMID: 32429731 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1756670

HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia is unique compared to Western countries due to multidimensional social-cultural norms that influence beliefs regarding vaccination. Reviews on HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia lack of in-depth discussion regarding the traditional and social-cultural norms dimensions. This paper puts forward opinions in which culture, normative beliefs, and religion influence HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asian countries. Issues surrounding HPV hesitancy among parents, young adult women, adult women, men and the sexual and gender minority people in Asian countries were highlighted. The shortage of HPV vaccine supply would soon be reduced as some Asian countries are on the way to producing the HPV vaccine which production is currently dominated by Western European countries. The culture of favoring imported Western products among many in Asia and in addition to long-existing fake vaccine crisis pose a challenge for the newly emerging HPV vaccine produced in Asia. Some recommendations, research gaps, and future research needs were discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Papillomavirus Vaccines*
Fulltext Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Lim HX, Lim J, Jazayeri SD, Poppema S, Poh CL

Biomed J, 2021 03;44(1):18-30.
PMID: 33727051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.005

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Even though host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections are beginning to be unravelled, effective clearance of virus will depend on both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, the presence of Spike (S)-glycoprotein reactive CD4+ T-cells in the majority of convalescent patients is consistent with its significant role in stimulating B and CD8+ T-cells. The search for immunodominant epitopes relies on experimental evaluation of peptides representing the epitopes from overlapping peptide libraries which can be costly and labor-intensive. Recent advancements in B- and T-cell epitope predictions by bioinformatic analysis have led to epitope identifications. Assessing which peptide epitope can induce potent neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses is a prerequisite for the selection of effective epitopes to be incorporated in peptide-based vaccines. This review discusses the roles of B- and T-cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and experimental validations for the selection of B-, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes which could lead to the construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Peptide-based vaccines are known for their low immunogenicity which could be overcome by incorporating immunostimulatory adjuvants and nanoparticles such as Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) or chitosan.

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
Fulltext Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 2 weeks after the first dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

Zakaria Z, Sapiai NA, Ghani ARI

Acta Neurochir (Wien), 2021 08;163(8):2359-2362.
PMID: 34101024 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04860-w

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible virus and has become pandemic. Part of the prevention of disease spread by the Malaysian government is by getting COVID-19 vaccine. Using the mRNA technology, the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is one of the vaccines been approved by the Drug Control Authority in Malaysia. Herein, we report an immediate complication of cerebral VST after the first dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects*
Fulltext The crux of Pakistan's prolonged rabies vaccine shortage: A rising mortal threat in the COVID-19 pandemic

Siddiqui A, Ahmed A, Tanveer M, Arshad A

J Med Virol, 2021 Sep;93(9):5221-5222.
PMID: 33851738 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27024
Matched MeSH terms: Rabies Vaccines/supply & distribution*
Fulltext Incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 5 years age in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand: a review

Maimaiti, Namaitijiang, Lotfizadeh, Masoud, Zafar Ahmed, Azam Rahimi, Jadoo, Saad Ali, Aljunid, Syed

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia in children and adults, including the elderly, and is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim of this paper to review published articles on incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 5 years of age in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, and compare the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among the children in the three courtiers. Literature searches were conducted using google scholar, PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) website of the Weekly Epidemiological Record, and the countries’ Ministry of Health (MOH) website, and were limited to articles written in English. All relevant publications/abstracts published/presented during the period December 2000 through March 2014. Searches were conducted from April 1, 2014, till July 11, 2014 using various combinations of the following search terms “ Pneumococcal diseases” OR “meningococcal” OR “pneumococcal meningitis” OR “meningococcus”. A total of five articles and abstracts described the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among children 5 years old. These five documents include two conference abstracts from Malaysia, one published paper from Singapore and two published papers from Thailand. The Malaysian, Singaporean and Thai pneumococcal meningitis incidence rate was 3.8-8.6, 2.3 and 0.10-1.8 per 100,000 children respectively. Our review confirmed that the incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was vary among the countries. The highest incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was found in Malaysia followed by Singapore and Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumococcal Vaccines; Meningococcal Vaccines
Immunization in virus disease

Tan DS

Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):19-28.
PMID: 4221407
Matched MeSH terms: Viral Vaccines*
Enteric fever problems in a small Malayan town

DIDSBURY B

Med J Malaya, 1953 Dec;8(2):192-201.
PMID: 13164690
Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines*

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