Displaying publications 1821 - 1840 of 2816 in total

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  1. Fulltext Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli
    Anuar TS, Ghani MK, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, Moktar N
    Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:40.
    PMID: 23433099 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-40
    Blastocystis has been described as the most common intestinal parasite in humans and has an increased impact on public health. However, the transmission of this parasite has not been conclusively determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Leaflet extension in rheumatic mitral valve reconstruction
    Dillon J, Yakub MA, Nordin MN, Pau KK, Krishna Moorthy PS
    Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013 Oct;44(4):682-9.
    PMID: 23407161 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt035
    Type IIIa mitral regurgitation (MR) due to rheumatic leaflet restriction often renders valve repair challenging and may predict a less successful repair. However, the utilization of leaflet mobilization and extension with the pericardium to increase the surface of coaptation may achieve satisfactory results. We reviewed our experience with leaflet extension in rheumatic mitral repair with emphasis on the technique and mid-term results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Mutation spectrum of dystrophin gene in malaysian patients with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
    Rani AQ, Sasongko TH, Sulong S, Bunyan D, Salmi AR, Zilfalil BA, et al.
    J. Neurogenet., 2013 Jun;27(1-2):11-5.
    PMID: 23438214 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2012.762580
    We undertook the clinical feature examination and dystrophin analysis using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and direct DNA sequencing of selected exons in a cohort of 35 Malaysian Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) patients. We found 27 patients with deletions of one or more exons, 2 patients with one exon duplication, 2 patients with nucleotide deletion, and 4 patients with nonsense mutations (including 1 patient with two nonsense mutations in the same exon). Although most cases showed compliance to the reading frame rule, we found two unrelated DMD patients with an in-frame deletion of the gene. Two novel mutations have been detected in the Dystrophin gene and our results were compatible with other studies where the majority of the mutations (62.8%) are located in the distal hotspot. However, the frequency of the mutations in our patient varied as compared with those found in other populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Evaluation of formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques: its effectiveness in detecting Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii in stool samples
    Anuar TS, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Abdul Ghani MK, Abu Bakar E, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, et al.
    J Microbiol Methods, 2013 Mar;92(3):344-8.
    PMID: 23361047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.01.010
    This study was conducted to evaluate two routinely microscopic diagnostic methods in comparison with single-round PCR assay as the reference technique to detect Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii. Examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from Orang Asli communities in different states of Malaysia using formalin-ether sedimentation, trichrome staining and single-round PCR techniques. Ninety-three stool samples were detected E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii positive by routine microscopy, while single-round PCR detected 106 positive samples. Additional positives detected by PCR assay were eventually confirmed to be negative by both microscopic techniques. Detection rate of E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii was highest in combination techniques (18.6%), followed by trichrome staining (13.4%) and formalin-ether sedimentation (11.2%) techniques. Single-round PCR detected 21.2% of the stool samples. The sensitivity and specificity of formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques compared to the reference technique were 31.1% (95% CI: 29.0-36.0) and 94.2% (95% CI: 89.8-98.9), and 53.8% (95% CI: 46.0-76.2) and 97.5% (95% CI: 92.8-99.1), respectively. However, the sensitivity [59.4% (95% CI: 48.9-78.5)] of the method increased when both techniques were performed together, but the specificity decreased to 92.4% (95% CI: 81.0-98.0). The agreement between the reference technique, trichrome staining and combination techniques were statistically significant by Kappa statistics (trichrome staining: K = 0.592, p < 0.05; combination techniques: K = 0.543, p < 0.05). Hence, the combination technique is recommended to be used as a screening method in the diagnosis of E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii infections either for clinical or epidemiological study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Fulltext Increasing incidence of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria following control of P. falciparum and P. vivax Malaria in Sabah, Malaysia
    William T, Rahman HA, Jelip J, Ibrahim MY, Menon J, Grigg MJ, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013;7(1):e2026.
    PMID: 23359830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002026
    BACKGROUND: The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in Malaysian Borneo and threatens the prospect of malaria elimination. However, little is known about the emergence of P. knowlesi, particularly in Sabah. We reviewed Sabah Department of Health records to investigate the trend of each malaria species over time.

    METHODS: Reporting of microscopy-diagnosed malaria cases in Sabah is mandatory. We reviewed all available Department of Health malaria notification records from 1992-2011. Notifications of P. malariae and P. knowlesi were considered as a single group due to microscopic near-identity.

    RESULTS: From 1992-2011 total malaria notifications decreased dramatically, with P. falciparum peaking at 33,153 in 1994 and decreasing 55-fold to 605 in 2011, and P. vivax peaking at 15,857 in 1995 and decreasing 25-fold to 628 in 2011. Notifications of P. malariae/P. knowlesi also demonstrated a peak in the mid-1990s (614 in 1994) before decreasing to ≈ 100/year in the late 1990s/early 2000s. However, P. malariae/P. knowlesi notifications increased >10-fold between 2004 (n = 59) and 2011 (n = 703). In 1992 P. falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae/P. knowlesi monoinfections accounted for 70%, 24% and 1% respectively of malaria notifications, compared to 30%, 31% and 35% in 2011. The increase in P. malariae/P. knowlesi notifications occurred state-wide, appearing to have begun in the southwest and progressed north-easterly.

    CONCLUSIONS: A significant recent increase has occurred in P. knowlesi notifications following reduced transmission of the human Plasmodium species, and this trend threatens malaria elimination. Determination of transmission dynamics and risk factors for knowlesi malaria is required to guide measures to control this rising incidence.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. The effect of Tualang honey in enhancing post tonsillectomy healing process. An open labelled prospective clinical trial
    Mat Lazim N, Abdullah B, Salim R
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2013 Apr;77(4):457-61.
    PMID: 23273638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.036
    Tonsillectomy is a common operative procedure performed for tonsillar hypertrophy complicates with recurrent tonsillitis. Among the post tonsillectomy morbidities, post operative wound healing is of utmost importance to be effectively managed as it will interfere with patient recuperation from surgery. Tualang honey has been shown to accelerate wound healing in postoperative patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. Pediatric melioidosis in Pahang, Malaysia
    How HS, Ng KH, Yeo HB, Tee HP, Shah A
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2005 Oct;38(5):314-9.
    PMID: 16211138
    Melioidosis is much less common in children than in adults. This study investigated the incidence, demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms and outcome of pediatric melioidosis in Pahang, Malaysia. This retrospective study included patients < or =18 years old with positive body fluid cultures for Burkholderia pseudomallei from January 2000 to June 2003. Data on culture results were obtained from 2 referral hospitals. The incidence of pediatric melioidosis was 0.68/100,000 population per year. Of the 13 patients identified during the study period, 10 were male; 9 were Malays, 2 were Indians and 2 were aborigines. The mean age of these patients was 9.5 +/- 5.4 years. None of the patients had a previous history of confirmed melioidosis or predisposing factors for infection. Localized melioidosis was the most common presentation (46.2%) followed by melioidosis with septic shock (38.4%). Among patients with localized melioidosis, head and neck involvement (83.3%) was the most common presentation (2 patients with cervical abscesses, 1 with submandibular abscesses and 2 with acute suppurative parotitis) and another patient had right axillary abscess. All of the patients with septic shock had pneumonia and 2 of them had multi-organ involvement. The mortality among patients with septic shock was 80% and death occurred within 24 h of admission in all cases. In contrast, no complications or death occurred among patients with localized melioidosis. Melioidosis with septic shock is less common than localized melioidosis in pediatric patients, but is associated with very high mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. A retrospective study of the accuracy between clinical and autopsy cause of death in the University of Malaya Medical Centre
    Ong BB, Wong JJ, Hashim J
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):35-41.
    PMID: 16190105
    It is well known that diagnostic accuracy of the clinical cause of death has not improved despite advances in diagnostic techniques. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of the clinical cause of death compared with the autopsy cause of death and to see if the Coroner's autopsy can play a role in clinical audit. Our study population consisted of all autopsies where the deceased was hospitalised or resuscitated at the Accident and Emergency Unit of the University of Malaya Medical Centre before death, performed during the period July 1998 to June 2000. The cases were subdivided according to natural and unnatural causes of deaths. Natural deaths were further subdivided in relation to the main organ systems involved while unnatural deaths were subcategorised into trauma, poisoning and burns. The rate of agreement between clinical and autopsy cause of death was further compared with duration of survival in the hospital. Of 132 autopsies included in this study, 115 were Coroner's autopsies. 78% of cases showed agreement between clinical and autopsy cause of death. The agreement rate in Coroner's cases was 80.0%. For natural and unnatural causes, the agreement rate was 56.7% and 84.3% respectively. There were 6 cases (4.5%) where an initial accurate diagnosis might have altered the prognosis of the deceased. In general, the rate of agreement increased with duration of survival of patients. However, this was no longer observed after a survival of more than 28 days. Our findings agree with other similar studies. The diagnostic accuracy of cause of death has not improved despite the modernisation in medical technology. The autopsy still plays an important role in clinical audit and medical education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. Eikenella corrodens from a brain abscess
    Karunakaran R, Marret MJ, Hassan H, Puthucheary SD
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):49-52.
    PMID: 16190107
    A 2-year-old boy with underlying congenital cyanotic heart disease presented with seizures and fever and was found to have bilateral parietal cerebral abscesses. Drainage of the pus from the abscesses was done in stages; on the day of admission, four days after admission and 3 weeks after admission. Although the pus from the first drainage did not grow any organisms, the pus from the second drainage on the fourth day of admission yielded a mixed growth of Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus milleri. Following the second drainage of pus, the child was noted to have mild weakness (grade 3/5) and increased tone in the left upper limb. Three weeks after admission, due to recurring fever, further neurological signs and findings of an enlarging right cerebral abscess on a repeat CT scan, a third drainage was carried out. However no growth was obtained from this specimen. This patient was managed both surgically and with appropriate antibiotics. Over the next four months, serial CT scans revealed gradual resolution of the abscesses with disappearance of the surrounding oedema. The child showed gradual recovery of his left sided weakness with resolution of tone and reflexes to normal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Fluoride exposure from ingested toothpaste in 4-5-year-old Malaysian children
    Siew Tan B, Razak IA
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2005 Oct;33(5):317-25.
    PMID: 16128790
    The aim of this study was to assess (by direct determination) the fluoride (F) exposure from ingested toothpaste among 4-5-year-old Malaysian children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Low prevalence of latex sensitivity in South African spina bifida children in Cape Town
    Johar A, Lim DL, Arif SA, Hawarden D, Toit GD, Weinberg EG, et al.
    Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 2005 Mar;16(2):165-70.
    PMID: 15787875
    Spina bifida children have a high prevalence of latex allergy in studies reported from Europe and the USA. This study investigated the prevalence of latex allergy in a cohort of 24 spina bifida children at the Red Cross Children's Hospital from Cape Town, South Africa. The children were investigated using a detailed questionnaire, skin prick tests (ALK-Abello), ImmunoCap RASTs, Western blotting and ELISA, using the purified latex proteins Hev b1 and Hev b3 and whole latex preparation. A low overall prevalence of latex sensitization of 16.7% was found in the children. Children who were sensitive reacted to water insoluble to Hev b1 and Hev b3 proteins. The low prevalence of latex sensitization in the South African children may not be entirely explained by stringent latex avoidance. The children were from a low socioeconomic social status and 'hygiene' and other factors should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. Epidemiology of malaria in Attapeu Province, Lao PDR in relation to entomological parameters
    Vythilingam I, Sidavong B, Chan ST, Phonemixay T, Vanisaveth V, Sisoulad P, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2005 Nov;99(11):833-9.
    PMID: 16112154
    Surveys were conducted in malaria-endemic villages in the southern province of Attapeu, Lao PDR during various seasons over a 3-year period. All-night mosquito landing collections, blood surveys and a case-control study were conducted. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species, and slide positivity rates were higher during the transition/dry season compared with the wet season. Anopheles dirus A was found to be the primary vector, and sporozoite rates were highest during the transition/dry season. Anopheles dirus was found to be endophagic and endophilic. Not using insecticide-treated bed nets, houses close to breeding sites and sleeping away from home were risk factors associated with malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Hepatitis A vaccines
    Shahidah KN
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:112-5.
    PMID: 16108190
    Hepatitis A, an acute usually self limiting infection of the liver is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious disease in the world. Effective vaccines which provide long term immunity against hepatitis A have been available since 1992. They are of known good quality, well tolerated with no serious adverse events and have been successfully used to protect different populations from infection as well as interrupt outbreak in closed communities. Mathematical models estimate the long term persistence of antiHAV antibodies to be more than 25 years. Vaccination efforts should be supplemented by health education and improved sanitation. Planning for large scale immunization programmes against hepatitis A should take into consideration epidemiological and cost benefit studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Micronutrient status and intervention programs in Malaysia
    Khor GL
    Food Nutr Bull, 2005 Jun;26(2 Suppl 2):S281-5.
    PMID: 16075579
    Approximately 70% of the world's malnourished children live in Asia, giving that region the highest concentration of childhood malnutrition worldwide. Prevalence of stunting and underweight are high especially in south Asia where one in every two preschool children is stunted. Iron-deficiency anemia affects 40%-50% of preschool and primary schoolchildren. Nearly half of all vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia in the world occurs in south and southeast Asia. Iodine deficiency disorders have resulted in high goiter rates in India, Pakistan, and parts of Indonesia. Compared with other developing countries in Asia, the nutrition situation in Malaysia is considerably better, owing to rapid economic and socioeconomic development that has occurred since Malaysia gained its independence in 1957. Prevalence of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency is markedly lower in Malaysian children. Nonetheless, undernutrition in the form of underweight, stunting, and anemia can be found in poor communities throughout the country. A prevalence of 25% underweight and 35% stunting is reported among young children from poor rural households. Anemia and subclinical forms of vitamin A deficiency were reported in children under 5 years old. Typical of a country in nutrition transition, Malaysia faces the dual burden of malnutrition in children, with the persistence of under-nutrition problems especially among the poor and the emerging overweight problem especially in urban areas. Since 1996, nutrition programs of the government sector are coordinated under the National Plan of Action for Nutrition. These activities and other nutrition intervention efforts by other agencies are discussed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Giardiasis as a predictor of childhood malnutrition in Orang Asli children in Malaysia
    Al-Mekhlafi MS, Azlin M, Nor Aini U, Shaik A, Sa'iah A, Fatmah MS, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2005 Sep;99(9):686-91.
    PMID: 15992838
    A cross-sectional study to examine the association of giardiasis with protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia was conducted among Orang Asli children in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 281 children aged 2-15 years were studied. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and laboratory analysis of blood and faecal samples. The results showed that 24.9% of the children were infected with Giardia duodenalis, while 56.5, 61.3 and 15.1% had significant underweight, stunting and wasting, respectively. Giardiasis was statistically identified as a strong predictor of significant wasting in this study population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Infant and young child nutrition promotion strategies--the Malaysian experience
    Don R
    Forum Nutr, 2003;56:234-6.
    PMID: 15806878
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Fulltext Temporomandibular joint ankylosis in a child: an unusual case with delayed surgical intervention
    Yew CC, Rahman SA, Alam MK
    BMC Pediatr, 2015;15:169.
    PMID: 26546159 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0495-4
    The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) ankylosis in child is rare and yet the causes still remain unclear. This condition that affects the feeding and possible airway obstruction do not only worry the parents, but also possesses as a great challenge to the surgeons. Furthermore, it interferes with the facial skeletal and dento-alveolar development in the on growing child.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Fulltext Immunity and clinical efficacy of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children: a report of further observations
    Liu L, Mo Z, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Ong KC, et al.
    BMC Med, 2015;13:226.
    PMID: 26381232 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0448-7
    To investigate the long-term effects on immunity of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine and its protective efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. Parental awareness and attitude towards environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children with respiratory illnesses
    Hasniah AL, Tan YP, Nur Buhairah MA, Chan TW, Muhammad Nabil TI, Syed Zulkifli SZ
    Public Health, 2016 08;137:182-4.
    PMID: 26976490 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.028
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Fulltext The epidemiology of childhood brain injury in the state of Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Tay EL, Lee SWH, Jamaluddin SF, Tam CL, Wong CP
    BMC Pediatr, 2016 04 27;16:56.
    PMID: 27122016 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0590-1
    BACKGROUND: There are limited studies describing the epidemiology of childhood brain injury, especially in developing countries. This study analyses data from the Malaysian National Trauma Database (NTrD) registry to estimate the incidence of childhood brain injury among various demographic groups within the state of Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.

    METHODS: This study analysed all traumatic brain injury cases for children ages 0-19 included in the 2010 NTrD report.

    RESULTS: A total of 5,836 paediatric patients were admitted to emergency departments (ED) of reporting hospitals for trauma. Of these, 742 patients (12.7 %) suffered from brain injuries. Among those with brain injuries, the mortality rate was 11.9 and 71.2 % were aged between 15 and 19. Traffic accidents were the most common mode of injury (95.4 %). Out of the total for traffic accidents, 80.2 % of brain injuries were incurred in motorcycle accidents. Severity of injury was higher among males and patients who were transferred or referred to the reporting centres from other clinics. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) total score and type of admission were found to be statistically significant, χ (2) (5, N = 178) = 66.53, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
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