Displaying publications 1821 - 1840 of 5421 in total

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  1. Fulltext Inadvertent injection of adrenaline into subarachnoid space--a case report
    Mustafa WNA, Mohandas K
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Jun;37(2):108-9.
    PMID: 7132830
    A local anaesthetic agent with adrenalin meant for infiltration block was inadvertently given into spinal canal without any serious sequelae. The consequences of adrenalin in the subarachnoid space are discussed. Measures to prevent such accidents are suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease*
  2. Fulltext Barium peritonitis--following barium enema of the proximal colon through a colostomy
    Liew NC, Gee T, Sandra K, Gul YA
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):766-8.
    PMID: 15190666
    Perforation with extravasation of barium is a rare complication of contrast enema examination of the large bowel with a high associated mortality rate. The experience of performing a re-laparotomy in a patient previously exposed to barium peritonitis is even less common. We describe an elderly male patient with a Hartmann's procedure performed a year previously, presenting with peritonitis following barium enema evaluation of the proximal colon via an end descending colon stoma. Emergency laparotomy, segmental bowel resection and liberal peritoneal toilet resulted in a satisfactory outcome. The patient had a subsequent successful reversal of his Hartmann's procedure nine months later despite the presence of dense barium induced adhesions. This potentially preventable iatrogenic complication is discussed in this report, which is supplemented by a brief review of the English literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease*
  3. Hepatitis disease management programs in Malaysia
    Khairullah NS, Merican DI
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2004 Mar;19 Suppl:S13-6.
    PMID: 15156929
    The MLF since its inception in 1996 has endeavored to develop a coordinated approach towards the improved care and treatment of liver diseases in Malaysia. Its close liaison with the Malaysian MOH, local medical associations, and corporate bodies has contributed to the success of its many programs. Educating the public, research, and training have been important elements of successful hepatitis disease control programs. Hepatitis Days have been proven to be very successful in raising the awareness of the general public to hepatitis disease. Rapid screening and vaccination has also helped to remove the social stigma associated with the disease, eliminated the need for numerous clinic appointments, and rendered vaccination more accessible to the public. The MLF perspective emphasizes the need for collaborative effort between Government bodies and other agencies, such as non-governmental organizations, laboratories, and the medical fraternity, to ensure the overall success of hepatitis disease management programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management*
  4. Regions on nucleocapsid protein of Newcastle disease virus that interact with its phosphoprotein
    Kho CL, Tan WS, Tey BT, Yusoff K
    Arch Virol, 2004 May;149(5):997-1005.
    PMID: 15098113 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-003-0273-8
    The nucleocapsid (NP) and phospho-(P) proteins of paramyxoviruses are involved in transcription and replication of the viral genome. An in vitro protein binding assay was used to investigate the regions on NP protein that interact with the P protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Truncated NP mutants were first immobilised on a solid phase and then interacted with radio-labelled [(35)S]-P protein synthesised in rabbit reticulocyte. The interaction affinity was quantitated by measuring the radioactivity that was retained on the solid phase. Using this approach, a highly interactive region was identified to be resided at the first 25 amino acids of NP N-terminus. The interaction between these two proteins remained strong even with the removal of 114 amino acids from the C-terminal end of NP. However, it is possible that the 49 amino acids at the C-terminal end might have another contact region for P protein, which is not as critical as the N-terminal end. The interaction regions mapped in this study are significantly different from the other two paramyxoviruses: Sendai and measles viruses in which the C-termini of their NP proteins play an important role in binding to the P.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus/metabolism*
  5. The use of infliximab in South-east Asian children with severe Crohn's disease
    Lee WS
    Pediatr Int, 2004 Apr;46(2):198-201.
    PMID: 15056252
    Matched MeSH terms: Crohn Disease/drug therapy*
  6. Risk factors of tuberculosis among health care workers in Sabah, Malaysia
    Jelip J, Mathew GG, Yusin T, Dony JF, Singh N, Ashaari M, et al.
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):19-23.
    PMID: 14670342
    Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main public health problems in Sabah; 30% of the total number of TB cases reported in Malaysia every year occur in Sabah. The average incidence of TB among health care workers over the past 5 years is 280.4 per 100,000 population (1, Annual Report of Sabah State TB Control Programme, 1998). At present, there are no specific measures for the prevention of TB transmission in health care facilities. A case-control study was conducted among health care workers in Sabah in 2000-2001. Cases were health care workers with TB diagnosed between January 1990 and June 2000. Controls were health care workers without TB and working in the same facility as cases during the disease episode. The study attempted to identify risk factors for TB among the study population. Data were collected through structured interviews and review of patients' records. The notification rate of TB among health care workers was significantly higher than that to the general population (Z=4.893, p<0.01). The average notification rate of TB among health care workers over the last 5 years was two times higher than in the general population (280.4/100,000 compared to 153.9/100,000). Regression results showed that ethnicity, designation, family contact and TB related knowledge did not significantly contribute to the risk of contracting TB in this study. However, after controlling for the above factors, age, gender, history of TB contact outside the workplace (other than family contact), duration of service and failure to use respiratory protection when performing high-risk procedures, were the main risk factors of TB among health care workers. This study succeeded in identifying some of the risk factors of TB among health care workers. We managed to include the large ratio of controls to case (3:1) and those cases spanned over a period of 10 years. However, the findings from the study have to be applied with caution due to the limitations of this study, which include recall bias, dropouts, and small sample size. Based on the study findings, we recommend that health care workers in the first 10 years of service should take extra precautions, such as using respiratory protection when performing procedures that are considered to be of high risk with respect to TB infection. They should also undergo TB screening at least once every 2 years and, if symptomatic, offered prophylactic treatment. The Respiratory Protection Programme should be fully implemented to help reduce the risk of TB among health care workers in Sabah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control*
  7. Tuberculosis in Malaysia: problems and prospect of treatment and control
    Iyawoo K
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):4-7.
    PMID: 14670340
    In the early 1940s and 1950s, tuberculosis (TB) was the number one cause of death in Malaysia. Patients with TB were admitted to the many sanatoria we had in various parts of the country and were often managed by surgical means. TB chemotherapy became available only in the late 1950s. At this time, TB was already a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Realizing its seriousness, the Malaysian government launched its National TB Control Programme (NTP) in 1961. At that time, the recommended treatment for TB was a combination of three drugs, namely, streptomycin, isoniazid and paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) given for 2 months followed by isoniazid and PAS given for 12 months. Generally the treatment used to last for 1-2 years. The National TB Centre in Kuala Lumpur functioned as the headquarters of the NTP, and the state general hospitals with their chest clinics functioned as the state directorates. From the operational point of view, every state has a state TB directorate which is known as the State TB Managerial Team (Fig. 1). This team is responsible for the implementation of the activities of the NTP at the state and district levels. Ever since 1995, the national TB directorate has been shifted to the Public Health Division of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and is now under the Director of Disease Control (Fig. 2). The National TB Centre has now been renamed as The Institute of Respiratory Medicine. Over the years from being the number one cause of death, TB has dropped to being below number 10 (Fig. 3).
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/trends
  8. New hosts of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis Bhaibulaya and Cross, 1971 in Malaysia
    Liat LB
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1974 Sep;5(3):379-84.
    PMID: 4432098
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Reservoirs/parasitology*
  9. Leukosis and Marek's disease viruses of feral red jungle flow and domestic fowl in Malaya
    Weiss RA, Biggs PM
    J Natl Cancer Inst, 1972 Dec;49(6):1713-25.
    PMID: 4119166
    Matched MeSH terms: Marek Disease*
  10. An outbreak of rabies in West malaysia in 1970 with unusual laboratory observations
    Tan DS, Ariff AW, Mohamed Noordin Keling
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Dec;27(2):107-14.
    PMID: 4268035
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
  11. The differential use of medical resources in developing countries
    Colson AC
    J Health Soc Behav, 1971 Sep;12(3):226-37.
    PMID: 5110300
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease
  12. Socio-cultural aspects of a cholera epidemic in Trengganu, Malaysia
    Chen PC
    Trop Geogr Med, 1971 Sep;23(3):296-303.
    PMID: 5099001
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
  13. Indigenous concepts of causation and methods of prevention of childhood diseases in a rural Malay community
    Chen PC
    J Trop Pediatr (1967), 1970 Jun;16(2):33-42.
    PMID: 5005749
    Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control*
  14. Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and coronary heart disease: observations in Malaysia
    Loncin H, Gurian JM, Loncin ME
    J Atheroscler Res, 1968 5 1;8(3):471-82.
    PMID: 5660508
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/epidemiology*
  15. Comprehensive spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deleterious mutations in breast cancer in Asian countries
    Kwong A, Shin VY, Ho JC, Kang E, Nakamura S, Teo SH, et al.
    J Med Genet, 2016 Jan;53(1):15-23.
    PMID: 26187060 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103132
    Approximately 5%-10% of breast cancers are due to genetic predisposition caused by germline mutations; the most commonly tested genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Some mutations are unique to one family and others are recurrent; the spectrum of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations varies depending on the geographical origins, populations or ethnic groups. In this review, we compiled data from 11 participating Asian countries (Bangladesh, Mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), and from ethnic Asians residing in Canada and the USA. We have additionally conducted a literature review to include other Asian countries mainly in Central and Western Asia. We present the current pathogenic mutation spectrum of BRCA1/BRCA2 genes in patients with breast cancer in various Asian populations. Understanding BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in Asians will help provide better risk assessment and clinical management of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  16. Relationship between serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors
    Tajfard M, Tavakoly Sany SB, Avan A, Latiff LA, Rahimi HR, Moohebati M, et al.
    J Cell Physiol, 2019 07;234(7):10289-10299.
    PMID: 30548615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27945
    Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to examine the possible association of hs-CRP with presence and severity of CAD and traditional CAD risk factors. This case-control study was carried out on 2,346 individuals from September 2011 to May 2013. Of these 1,187 had evidence of coronary disease, and were subject to coronary angiography, and the remainder were healthy controls (n = 1,159). Characteristics were determined using standard laboratory techniques and serum Hs-CRP levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and severity of CAD was assessed according to the score of obstruction in coronary artery. Serum hs-CRP levels were higher in those with severe coronary disease, who had stenosis ≥ 50% stenosis of at least one coronary artery (all p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/blood*
  17. Fulltext Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants in a large, unselected breast cancer cohort
    Li J, Wen WX, Eklund M, Kvist A, Eriksson M, Christensen HN, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2019 03 01;144(5):1195-1204.
    PMID: 30175445 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31841
    Breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2-driven tumors may benefit from targeted therapy. It is not clear whether current BRCA screening guidelines are effective at identifying these patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of inherited BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants in a large, clinically representative breast cancer cohort and to estimate the proportion of BRCA1/2 carriers not detected by selectively screening individuals with the highest probability of being carriers according to current clinical guidelines. The study included 5,122 unselected Swedish breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2001 to 2008. Target sequence enrichment (48.48 Fluidigm Access Arrays) and sequencing were performed (Illumina Hi-Seq 2,500 instrument, v4 chemistry). Differences in patient and tumor characteristics of BRCA1/2 carriers who were already identified as part of clinical BRCA1/2 testing routines and additional BRCA1/2 carriers found by sequencing the entire study population were compared using logistic regression models. Ninety-two of 5,099 patients with valid variant calls were identified as BRCA1/2 carriers by screening all study participants (1.8%). Only 416 study participants (8.2%) were screened as part of clinical practice, but this identified 35 out of 92 carriers (38.0%). Clinically identified carriers were younger, less likely postmenopausal and more likely to be associated with familiar ovarian cancer compared to the additional carriers identified by screening all patients. More BRCA2 (34/42, 81.0%) than BRCA1 carriers (23/50, 46%) were missed by clinical screening. In conclusion, BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in unselected breast cancer patients was 1.8%. Six in ten BRCA carriers were not detected by selective clinical screening of individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics*
  18. Fulltext Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower chronic disease burden expressed in disability-adjusted life years: a prospective cohort study
    Beulens JWJ, Fransen HP, Struijk EA, Boer JMA, de Wit GA, Onland-Moret NC, et al.
    Eur J Epidemiol, 2017 04;32(4):317-326.
    PMID: 28409278 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0247-x
    The relation of alcohol consumption with disease burden remains debated partly due to opposite associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The relation of alcohol consumption with disease burden expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) summarizes opposing associations of alcohol consumption on chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of alcohol consumption with chronic disease burden expressed in DALYs based on individual-participant data. The study was a prospective study among 33,066 men and women from the EPIC-NL cohort. At baseline, alcohol consumption was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were followed for occurrence of and mortality from chronic diseases and DALYs were calculated. After 12.4 years follow-up, 6647 disease incidences and 1482 deaths were documented, resulting in 68,225 healthy years of life lost (6225 DALYs). Moderate drinkers (women 5-14.9 g/day, men 5-29.9 g/day) had a lower chronic disease burden (mean DALYs -0.27; 95% CI -0.43; -0.11) than light drinkers (0-4.9 g/day), driven by a lower disease burden due to CVD (-0.18: -0.29; -0.06) but not cancer (-0.05: -0.16; 0.06). The associations were most pronounced among older participants (≥50 years; -0.32; -0.53; -0.10) and not observed among younger women (-0.08; -0.43; 0.35), albeit non-significant (pinteraction > 0.14). Substantial drinking (women 15-29.9 g/day, men 30-59.9 g/day) compared to light drinking was not associated with chronic disease burden. Our results show that moderate compared to light alcohol consumption was associated with living approximately 3 months longer in good health. These results were mainly observed among older participants and not seen among younger women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease/epidemiology*
  19. Ethnic distribution of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a Malaysian population and possible correlation with coronary heart disease
    Naidu BR, Ngeow YF, Pang T
    Eur J Epidemiol, 2003;18(2):135-7.
    PMID: 12733835
    Chlamydophila pneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections, has also been implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). This study reports a cross-sectional, demographic, serological analysis of the prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a multiracial Malaysian population. Generally, Malaysian Indians had the highest degree of seropositivity (58%) followed by the Chinese (54%) and the Malays (32%), results which were statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Interestingly, this trend was also reflected in the study group consisting of patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and chronic CHD. Again, the Indians were more frequently seropositive (65%), with more than 50% having IgG titres > or = 128. Comparatively, the Chinese and Malays showed 51 and 17% seropositivity respectively. These results were also statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Malaysian Indians are more commonly afflicted with CHD. A variety of factors have been suggested to explain this prevalence including diet, social habits, genetics and the possible role of infectious agents. This study notes an interesting association between this pattern of racial prevalence and the possible role of C. pneumoniae infections as a contributory/predisposing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/ethnology*
  20. DEPDC5 mutations in familial and sporadic focal epilepsy
    Tsai MH, Chan CK, Chang YC, Yu YT, Chuang ST, Fan WL, et al.
    Clin Genet, 2017 Oct;92(4):397-404.
    PMID: 28170089 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12992
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mutations in the disheveled, Egl-10 and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) gene have emerged as an important cause of various familial focal epilepsy syndromes. However, the significance of DEPDC5 mutations in patients with sporadic focal epilepsy has yet to be characterized.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a kindred of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci using whole-exome sequencing. We subsequently studied a cohort of 293 patients with focal epilepsy and sequenced all exons of DEPDC5 using targeted resequencing.

    RESULTS: We reported a Taiwanese family with a novel splice site mutation which affected mRNA splicing and activated the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Among patients with focal epilepsies, the majority (220/293) of these patients had sporadic focal epilepsy without malformation of cortical development. Two (0.9%) of these patients had probably pathogenic mutations in the DEPDC5 gene.

    DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our finding suggests that DEPDC5 is not only the most common gene for familial focal epilepsy but also could be a significant gene for sporadic focal epilepsy. Since focal epilepsies account for more than 60% of all epilepsies, the effect of mTORC1 inhibitor on patients with focal epilepsy due to DEPDC5 mutations will be an important future direction of research.

    Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
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