Displaying publications 1881 - 1900 of 2798 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Duplication of the rectum: report of four cases and review of the literature
    Rajah S, Ramanujam TM, Anas SR, Jayaram G, Baskaran P, Ganesan J, et al.
    Pediatr Surg Int, 1998 Jul;13(5-6):373-6.
    PMID: 9639621
    Rectal duplications are rare anomalies. Recently, we observed four cases of rectal duplication, each presenting with different clinical features including chronic constipation, a prolapsing rectal "polyp, " a "growth" from the vulva, and acute retention of urine. The variety of clinical presentations may lead to delay in diagnosis and multiple operations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the eye: a clinicopathological study from Hospital University Sains Malaysia
    Reddy SC, Das PK
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Dec;18(2):113-20.
    PMID: 10879232
    A total of 89 histopathologically proven ocular tumours and tumour-like lesions treated in Hospital University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan over a period of nine years were reviewed for their age distribution, site of lesion and histological type. The tumours were observed in all age groups with a maximum prevalence in the first decade. Twenty lesions were malignant and 69 were benign. The eyelid was the most frequent location (51%), followed by the conjunctiva (32%). Retinoblastoma was the most common malignant tumour (10 cases) and dermoid cyst was the most common tumour-like lesion (16 cases).
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Usefulness and limitations of an in-house direct radioimmunoassay for 17-hydroxyprogesterone in serum
    Lo MS, Ng ML, Wu LL, Azmy BS, Khalid BA
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Jun;18(1):43-52.
    PMID: 10879224
    Since conventional radioimmunoassays (RIA) for measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in serum samples require a laborious solvent extraction step, a direct and rapid in-house RIA was developed for early diagnosis and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In-house rabbit anti-17-OHP antiserum, tritium labelled 17-OHP and dextran-coated charcoal were used in assay buffer with low pH 5.1 and preheated serum samples. Both inter- and intra-assay CVs were < 10% and the sensitivity was 1.2 nmol/l or 12 fmol/tube. Results from the direct assay correlated well with values from an extraction assay, r = 0.88 in samples from CAH patients, r = 0.85 in adults and children, 0.69 and 0.40 in term and preterm neonates respectively, 0.66 and 0.63 in luteal phase and third trimester pregnancy; p < 0.001 in all groups except p < 0.05 in preterm neonates. However, results from the direct assay were two to three times higher in serum samples from CAH patients, normal adults and children, but were five to seven times higher in pregnancy and term neonates and thirty times higher in preterm neonates. The markedly elevated levels measured by the direct assay are probably due to cross-reactivities with water-soluble steroid metabolites such as 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). Although the direct assay is only useful as a screening test for preterm babies, it can be used for both diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of CAH in all other age groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Specific IgE in the identification of allergens in allergic rhinitis Malaysian patients
    Choon-Kook S, Teck-Soong SL
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1995 Jun;13(1):23-7.
    PMID: 7488340
    The specific serum IgE levels to 20 allergens were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 90 Malaysian patients with allergic rhinitis. Ninety-two percent of patients had elevated IgE to at least 1 of the allergens. The housedust mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were the major allergens, elevated IgE to either allergen being present in 86% of the patients. Prick skin tests were carried out in some of the patients, housedust mites, cat fur, dog hair and shrimp were the allergens used. Close correspondence was found between IgE and prick skin tests to the mites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia
    Yamashita T, Sakae K, Kobayashi S, Ishihara Y, Miyake T, Mubina A, et al.
    Microbiol. Immunol., 1995;39(6):433-5.
    PMID: 8551977
    Aichi virus was isolated in Vero cells from 5 (2.3%) of 222 Pakistani children with gastroenteritis but none was found in 91 healthy children. Aichi virus was also isolated from 5 (0.7%) of 722 Japanese travelers returned from tours to Southeast Asian countries and complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at the quarantine station of Nagoya International Airport in Japan. Of 5 Japanese travelers, 3 were returning from Indonesia, and 2 from Thailand or Malaysia. These results indicate that Aichi virus or a similar agent is endemic in Southeast Asian countries and is a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children in these areas or in Japanese travelers who visit there.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. Incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a comparison of two definitions
    Goh AY, Chan PW, Lum LC, Roziah M
    Arch Dis Child, 1998 Sep;79(3):256-9.
    PMID: 9875023
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children by comparing two commonly used definitions: the lung injury score and the American-European Consensus Conference definition. The causes and risk for developing ARDS were also studied.

    METHODS: Part prospective and retrospective analysis of 8100 consecutive hospital admissions from 1 June 1995 to 1 April 1997.

    RESULTS: Twenty one patients fulfilled the criteria for ARDS. Both definitions identified the same group of patients. The incidence was 2.8/1000 hospital admissions or 4.2% of paediatric intensive care unit admissions. The main causes were sepsis and pneumonia. Mortality was 13 of 21. Factors predicting death were a high admission paediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score (30.38 v 18.75) and the presence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (92% v 25%).

    CONCLUSION: Both definitions identified similar groups of patients. The incidence in this population was higher than that reported elsewhere, but mortality and cause were similar to those in developed countries. Poor outcome was associated with sepsis, a high admission PRISM score, and simultaneous occurrence of other organ dysfunction.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. Group A streptococcal infections in hospitalized patients
    Jamal F, Pit S, Kasni S, Yasin MS, Aton SB, Singh K
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 1997;418:35-7.
    PMID: 9331592
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among Malaysian paramedical students
    Singh HS, Yiing WW, Nurani HN
    Child Abuse Negl, 1996 Jun;20(6):487-92.
    PMID: 8800523
    There has been increasing awareness that sexual abuse of children is a problem in Malaysia. Existing data is based on notification of cases. Population based studies are required to plan services for sexually abused children. This study utilized trainee paramedical staff as a community population to determine the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was given to student nurses and trainee medical assistants at the Ipoh School of Nursing and Hospital Bahagia Medical Assistant Training School. Questionnaires were distributed directly to all students in a classroom setting and retrieved after a 30-minute interval. Information collected included questions on personal experiences of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse was defined as rape, sodomy, molestation, or exhibitionism occurring to a child less than 18 years of age. Six hundred and sixteen students participated in the study; 6.8% of the students admitted to having been sexually abused in their childhood, 2.1% of males and 8.3% of females. Of those abused, 69% reported sexual abuse involving physical contact, 9.5% of whom experienced sexual intercourse. The age at first abuse was < 10 years in 38.1% of the cases; 59.5% were repeatedly abused and 33.3% had more than one abuser. Of the abusers, 71.4% were known to the respondent, 14.2% of whom were brothers, 24.5% relatives, and 24.5% a family friend. Further, 28.9% of all students knew of an individual who had been sexually abused as a child. While this population may not be entirely reflective of the community, this study does provide an indication of the prevalence of sexual abuse in Malaysian children. The prevalence figures in this study are lower than those reported in industrialized countries and this may reflect local sociocultural limitations in reporting abuse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. A community-based prevalence study on headache in Malaysia
    Alders EE, Hentzen A, Tan CT
    Headache, 1996 Jun;36(6):379-84.
    PMID: 8707557 DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3606379.x
    This community study on headache in Malaysia was based on IHS diagnostic criteria and showed the last-year prevalence of migraine was 9.0%. Migraine with aura accounted for only 10.6% of the migrainous population. The last-year prevalence of tension headache was 26.5% (94.4% episodic, 5.6% chronic) and 28.2% for other types of headache. No case of cluster headache was found. Almost two thirds of the migraine subjects graded their headaches as severe, while almost 60% of the tension headache subjects and almost 70% of the other headache subjects graded their headaches as mild. Overall, there was higher prevalence in females for migraine and tension headache, and in males for the other types of headache. The prevalence of headache was lower among those younger than 15 and older than 65 years of age. No significant differences were found in the prevalence of headache among the different racial groups nor among the urban versus the rural population. All the headache types shared the same triggering factors suggesting that different physiological characteristics are responsible for the type of pain suffered. In the location of this community with its tropical climate, headache was attributed to sun exposure in 51.9% of the migraine subjects, 55.7% of the tension headache subjects, and 36.6% of the group with other headaches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Fulltext Concurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in acute and chronic hepatitis B cases
    Ng KP, Saw TL
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):117-21.
    PMID: 8090089
    A total of 250 hepatitis B surface antigen positive sera were screened for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. It was found that seven (3%) sera showed concurrently circulating surface antigen and surface antibody to hepatitis B virus. The level of antibody to surface antigen was not affected by HBeAg and most of the cases were found in chronic hepatitis B carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Determination of human rotavirus VP4 using serotype-specific cDNA probes
    Rasool NB, Larralde G, Gorziglia MI
    Arch Virol, 1993;133(3-4):275-82.
    PMID: 8257289
    The VP4 genetic groups of 151 field strains of human rotaviruses obtained from infants and young children with diarrhea from four locations in Malaysia were analyzed. The strains were adapted to growth in tissue culture and studied further by molecular hybridization of northern blotted RNA to PCR-generated cDNA probes representing amino acids 84-180 of the KU strain VP4, 83-181 of the DS-1 strain VP4, and 83-180 of either the 1076 or K8 strain VP4, representing VP4 genetic groups 1-4 (P1A, P1B, P2, and P3), respectively. The majority (79% of the field strains hybridized with the KU VP4 genetic group 1 probe and were associated with G1, G3, G4, untypable, or mixed G serotypes. VP4 genetic group 1 (P1A) strains were the most common in all locations in Malaysia between 1978-1988. Three strains which exhibited G3 and subgroup I specificity hybridized with the K8 VP4 genetic group 4 probe. These three VP4 genetic group 4 (P3) strains were detected in two different years and locations, extending the initial detection of this VP4 genetic group (the K8 strain) in Japan to a larger geographical area of Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. Age- and sex-related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations of healthy Asian subjects: from birth to adulthood
    Lee BW, Yap HK, Chew FT, Quah TC, Prabhakaran K, Chan GS, et al.
    Cytometry, 1996 Mar 15;26(1):8-15.
    PMID: 8809475
    Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in 391 healthy Asian subjects ranging in age from birth to 40 years. Lymphocyte subsets were analysed using specific monoclonal antibodies: CD20 (B cells), CD3 and CD2 (T cells), CD16 and CD56+ (NK cells), CD4/CD3+ (helper-inducer T cells), CD8/ CD3+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), HLA-DR expression on CD3 and CD25 (Tac) on CD3. The total white cell count, absolute lymphocyte counts, and B cell percentages peaked in infancy and declined steadily with age. Absolute counts of each subset, which were derived from absolute lymphocyte counts, also followed this trend. Increases with age were seen in the NK, T cell (CD2, CD3), and CD8 percentages. Males tended to have higher NK and CD8 percentages than females, and, conversely, females had higher CD3 and CD4 percentages than males. Comparison of our results with studies involving Caucasian subjects indicated higher NK percentages in our Asian population and lower CD4 absolute counts in the males of our population. These results indicate the presence of age, sex, and probable racial differences in lymphocyte subset expression. Our results may serve as reference standards for the Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Immunohistochemical expression of p53 proteins in Wilms' tumour: a possible association with the histological prognostic parameter of anaplasia
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Chan LL
    Histopathology, 1996 Jan;28(1):49-54.
    PMID: 8838120
    Wilms' tumour (nephroblastoma) has been associated with chromosomal abnormalities at the 11p13, 11p15 and 16q regions. A study into the possibility of mutations occurring within p53, the ubiquitous adult tumour suppressor gene, in Wilms' tumour was carried out. Thirty-eight cases were studied. Of these 36 were categorised into the favourable histology group and two into the unfavourable histology group based on the National Wilms' Tumour Study criteria. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from each case were stained with a polyclonal (AB565:Chemicon) and a monoclonal (DO7:Dako) antibody raised against p53 protein using a peroxidase-labelled streptavidin biotin kit (Dako). 'Cure' (disease-free survival of 60 months or longer) was documented in 39% of cases with favourable histology tumours. Eleven percent in this group succumbed to the disease. Both cases with unfavourable histology died. Four out of 36 (11%) tumours with favourable histology demonstrated weak to moderate staining with both AB565 and DO7 in more than 75% of tumour cells. In contrast, p53 protein expression in unfavourable histology tumours was significantly increased compared with the favourable histology group (P = 0.021) with both cases demonstrating immunopositivity in > 75% of tumour cells when stained with AB565 and DO7. The intensity of staining ranged from moderate to strong in both cases. It appears from this preliminary study that the immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein in Wilms' tumour, presumably a result of mutation in the p53 tumour suppressor gene, correlates with histological classification, histological categorisation being one of the useful features in the prognostic assessment of Wilms' tumours.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Fulltext The pattern of renal disease in Malaysia
    Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):19-21.
    PMID: 16329571
    An analysis of 1000 consecutive, adequate renal biopsies from patients of the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur between 1982 and 1991 revealed: minimal change nephritis (20.7%), focal glomerulosclerosis (2.9%), proliferative glomerulonephritides (16.0%), membranous glomerulonephritis (5.5%), IgA nephropathy (18.5%), lupus nephritis (24.9%), end stage nephropathy (3.1%) and others (8.4%). Compared with the previous decade, IgA nephropathy has emerged as a common entity. Lupus nephritis forms the largest diagnostic entity and is probably related to the selected referral of SLE patients to this hospital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Fulltext Acute appendicitis--the University Hospital experience
    Lee HY, Jayalakshmi P, Noori SH
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):17-27.
    PMID: 8341168
    A 1 year review of 529 cases of acute appendicitis, treated at the University Hospital in 1990, was performed. Perforation rate was 23.7% and delay in diagnosis was found to be significant. Patients above 50 years of age were particularly at risk. Diagnostic error was 19.3% and it was a problem not only in young women but also in children. Temperature and rectal examinations were not found to be helpful in the diagnosis in contrast to leukocytosis. Waiting time for operation was long (median 7 hours), be it for a perforated or a nonperforated appendicitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Parenting stress among mothers of Malaysian children with cerebral palsy: predictors of child- and parent-related stress
    Ong LC, Afifah I, Sofiah A, Lye MS
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 1998 Dec;18(4):301-7.
    PMID: 9924586 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1998.11747964
    A hospital study was carried out to compare parenting stress among 87 Malaysian mothers of children with cerebral palsy and a control group (comprising 87 mothers of children without disability who attended the walk-in paediatric clinic), using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine socio-demographic and medical factors associated with child-domain stress (CDS) and parent-domain stress (PDS). Mothers of children with cerebral palsy scored significantly higher than control subjects on all sub-scales of CDS and PDS (p < 0.01), except for the sub-scale of 'role restriction'. The presence of cerebral palsy (p < 0.001) and activities of daily living (ADL) scores (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CDS. Factors predictive of PDS were ADL scores (p < 0.001), number of hospitalizations over the past year (p = 0.024), level of maternal education (p = 0.018) and Chinese mothers (p < 0.001). Although this study demonstrated that Malaysian mothers of children with cerebral palsy experienced higher levels of stress than controls, the impact of cerebral palsy per se on parenting stress was modified by other factors such as increased care-giving demands, low maternal education and ethnic background. Habilitation should be directed at easing the burden of daily care, minimizing hospital re-admissions and targeting appropriate psychosocial support at specific subgroups to change parental perception and expectations.
    Study site: neurology clinics or physiotherapy department or inpatients, Paediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Racial differences in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in Singapore: correlation with differences in peptic ulcer frequency
    Kang JY, Yeoh KG, Ho KY, Guan R, Lim TP, Quak SH, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1997 Oct;12(9-10):655-9.
    PMID: 9407329
    The aim of this study was to determine, first, whether racial differences exist in the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Singapore, and second, whether these differences correlate with racial differences in peptic ulcer frequency. A commercial serological test for immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody to H. pylori which was 90% sensitive and 83% specific in our population was used to screen 403 adult blood donors of Chinese, Malay and Indian origin, aged between 15-60 years. Serum specimens from 84 paediatric patients admitted to the Paediatrics Department, National University of Singapore, with non-gastroenterological illnesses were also tested. In all three races, seroprevalence of H. pylori increased with age. Indians have the highest prevalence of infection followed by Chinese and Malays. Peptic ulcer prevalences are known to be highest in Chinese, followed by Indians and Malays. The Malays have the lowest prevalence of H. pylori and peptic ulcer among the three races in Singapore. Indians have a higher prevalence of H. pylori antibodies but a lower frequency of peptic ulcer than the Chinese. Racial differences in peptic ulcer frequency between Chinese and Indians are not explained by the prevalence of H. pylori infection; other environmental or genetic factors may be involved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Single-dose diethylcarbamazine in the control of periodic brugian filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia
    Hakim SL, Vythilingam I, Marzukhi MI, Mak JW
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1995 11 1;89(6):686-9.
    PMID: 8594697
    The study compared the effectiveness of a single dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (6mg/kg) with the standard regimen of 6 doses (total 36 mg/kg) in mass chemotherapy for the control of brugian filariasis. Mass chemotherapy with single-dose DEC was instituted in one area and standard dose in the other and treatment was repeated after one year. Parasitological surveys were conducted before, and 3, 7 and 12 months after treatment. Pretreatment characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 treatment areas. There was a significant reduction in microfilaraemia prevalence rate from 24.7% to 14.7% at 12 months and to 6.8% at 19 months in the single dose area and from 22.8% to 9.6% at 12 months and to 2.7% at 19 months with the standard dose. Maximum reduction was at 7 months after treatment with both regimens. There was also significant progressive reduction in mean microfilarial density from 4.39 +/- 20.37 to 0.89 +/- 4.16 per 60 microL in the single-dose area and from 4.43 +/- 17.31 to 0.75 +/- per 60 microL in the standard dose area. There was a greater reduction of both microfilarial prevalence and density using the standard regimen but it was not statistically significant. Thus, a single dose of DEC is as effective as the standard dose in controlling periodic brugian filariasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. Perak, Malaysia, mass poisoning. Tale of the Nine Emperor Gods and rat tail noodles
    Cheng CT
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1992 Sep;13(3):261-3.
    PMID: 1476136
    In October 1988, a series of food poisoning cases occurred in the State of Perak in Malaysia. Most of the victims were children. Ultimately 13 children between the ages of 2.5 and 11 years died. Epidemiological investigations showed that the probable source of the poison was Loh See Fun, a noodles in the shape of a rat's tail. All the deceased ate the noodles from one supplier. Clinical and pathological findings were similar in each case. Postmortem examination was performed in 11 cases. Toxicological examination on organs in 10 cases showed a high concentration of aflatoxin in tissues of the deceased. High levels of boric acid were excreted from most of the victims. Histological examination of the liver in these cases showed necrotic changes found in aflatoxin poisoning. Combination of the epidemiological, clinical, toxicological, and pathological findings pointed to the fact that there was a common toxin or toxins responsible for the deaths. These were thought to be a combination of boric acid and aflatoxin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Fulltext ELISA seropositivity for Toxocara canis antibodies in Malaysia, 1989-1991
    Hakim SL, Mak JW, Lam PL
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):303-7.
    PMID: 8183143
    The laboratory test results for visceral larva migrans (VLM) using ELISA for Toxocara canis antibodies employed by the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, is described. A total of 331 serum samples received from hospitals and general practitioners all over Malaysia were tested. The test utilises excretory-secretory antigens obtained from in vitro culture of second stage T. canis larvae. The overall seropositivity rate was 19.6%, the highest positive rate being in Indians (35.5%), followed by the Malays (14.8%), Chinese (10.9%) and others (29.4%). Seropositivity rate was highest in children below the age of 10; 89% of patients presented with eosinophilia and 93% with VLM syndrome were children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links