Displaying publications 1921 - 1940 of 5388 in total

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  1. Lim SL, Ali A, Mohd Yusof H
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):279-290.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide. In Asia, few studies have measured knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the KAP of osteoporosis, including the main factors influencing attitude towards osteoporosis, and the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge, attitude, and practices among adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study via a self-administrated KAP questionnaire was carried out among 232 respondents aged 21 to 50 years in Kuala Lumpur. Random sampling was applied to select five districts in Kuala Lumpur, while convenient sampling was used for recruitment of apparently healthy subjects from community and institutional settings. The data were analysed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, Spearman Correlation and multiple logistic regression tests.
    Results: The findings indicate a moderate level of knowledge and attitude towards osteoporosis prevention with median scores of 51.6% and 68.6%, respectively. Osteoporosis knowledge varied significantly with gender, educational level and household income (p<0.05). Furthermore, attitude was significantly different in relation to educational level and household income. Based on the multiple logistic regression test, relatives and friends appeared to be the most significant factor influencing attitude (R=0.319, p<0.0001). Poor dietary and lifestyles practices were indicated, and a significant relationship was found between practice of weight-bearing activities and educational level (p<0.05). A significant correlation was found (ρ=0.348, p<0.0001) between knowledge and attitude, while no relationship was noted between knowledge and practice of weight-bearing activities or attitude and practice of weight-bearing activities.
    Conclusion: Knowledge played a significant role in affecting attitudes towards osteoporosis. However, understanding of osteoporosis is still at a moderate level. Friends and family were the most influential factor.
    Key words: Adults, attitude, knowledge, osteoporosis, practices
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  2. Rashidah, A., Yeo, P.S., Noor Ani, A., Muhammad Fadhli, M.Y., Tahir, A., Feisul Idzwan, M., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):317-326.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: High sodium consumption over an extended period of time has been associated with hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease, renal damage, and other adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine urinary sodium excretion and consequently estimate dietary sodium consumption among normotensive health staff in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to acquire data on sodium excretion among normotensive Ministry of Health staff aged 20 - 56 years (mean age 35.08, SD 9.78) in 14 states and a research institute. Respondents were recruited using quota sampling. Data collection was conducted from December 2011 to February 2012. A single urine sample was collected over 24 hours for sodium concentrations and calculated as 95.0% of total daily sodium intake. Results: Among the 471 enrolled respondents, 445 (94.0%) provided complete information on socio-demography and urine samples. Mean urine sodium excretion was 142.0 mmol/day (SD 71.7), which is equivalent to 3429 mg sodium/day or 8.7 gm of salt intake (1.75 teaspoon, which exceeds the Malaysian recommendation of 2000 mg sodium/day by 1.7 times. About 79.0% (n=353) of respondents (88.0% male and 73.0% female) had daily sodium consumption that was above the recommendation. Excretion was significantly higher among males at 161.7 mmol/day (SD 78.1) (3726 mg sodium/day) than females, 125.3 mmolfday (SD 61.1) (2875 mg/day). There was a positive, low correlation between BMl and sodium intake (r=0.216, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  3. Dzairudzee Rosli, Suzana Shahar, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Hazreen Abd Majid, Mohd Roslan Haron
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(3):361-373.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malnutrition among cancer patients is associated with a higher risk of
    gastrointestinal toxicity which develops during treatment and may affect quality of life (QOL).
    Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the nutritional status and QOL of 30
    oncology patients (mean age 50.0+10.7 years) prior to pelvic radiotherapy at Hospital Sultan
    Ismail, Johor Bahru.

    Methods: Patients were assessed for anthropometry measurements,
    24-h diet recall and nutritional status using Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global
    Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire while the European Organization for Research and
    Treatment of Cancer Care Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to
    assess QOL two weeks prior to the initiation of pelvic radiotherapy.

    Results: Mean Body
    Mass Index (BMI) of patients was 23.3+3.3kg/m2
    and 33% of patients experienced weight
    loss prior to pelvic radiotherapy. The PG-SGA rating indicated that 63% of patients were at
    Stage A (well-nourished) and 37% were in Stage B (moderate malnutrition). The PG-SGA
    numerical score was a significant predictor of QOL, after adjusting for socio-demographic
    factors (R2
    =0.861, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  4. Balaravi, B., Chin, M.Q., Samantha Quah, L.W., Ramadas, A., Karppaya, H., Chai, W.J.
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(3):409-423.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Often considered a legitimate strategy to enhance health and
    performance, the consumption of nutritional supplements (NS) has become
    a common practice which frequently results in unintentional doping among
    athletes. Despite a probable association between NS and doping, there are limited
    studies on this topic in developing countries such as Malaysia. Thus, this study
    aimed to identify the prevalence of NS usage among national elite athletes and
    assess their knowledge and attitude regarding its use and doping.

    Methods:
    This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Malaysian National Sports
    Institute among national elite athletes (n=50) recruited via convenience sampling.
    The athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire documenting their
    demographic characteristics, training information, NS consumption, knowledge
    and attitude related to supplement-doping. The total knowledge and attitude
    scores were compared according to demography, training information, and NS
    consumption.

    Results: The prevalence of NS use among the athletes was 72%.
    NS usage was significantly associated with training duration (p=0.029), source of
    nutrition information (p=0.047) and self-exploration on supplements (p=0.045).
    Supplement-doping knowledge was significantly higher among athletes with
    tertiary level education (p=0.027), NS users (p=0.044), those obtaining information
    from nutritionists (p=0.048) and those who had attended nutrition workshops
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  5. Nasser NS, Loh JL, Rashid AA, Sharifat H, Ahmad U, Ibrahim B, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):356-362.
    PMID: 32723994
    OBJECTIVE: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is the development of pathological dependence at the expense of performing activities of daily living, thus having negative health and psychological impact on the users. Previous PSU studies focused on medical students and little is known regarding its effect on students undergoing other courses. The objective of this study is to identify the pattern of smartphone usage and determine the psychological factors affecting PSU among undergraduate students in Malaysia and compare the pattern among students from different fields of study.

    METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the validated Smartphone Addiction Scale-Malay version (SAS-M) questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the correlation between the PSU among the students categorised by their ethnicity, hand dominance and by their field of study. MLR analysis was applied to predict PSU based on socio-demographic data, usage patterns, psychological factors and fields of study.

    RESULTS: A total of 1060 students completed the questionnaire. Most students had some degree of problematic usage of the smartphone. Students used smartphones predominantly to access SNAs, namely Instagram. Longer duration on the smartphone per day, younger age at first using a smartphone and underlying depression carried higher risk of developing PSU, whereas the field of study (science vs. humanities based) did not contribute to an increased risk of developing PSU.

    CONCLUSION: Findings from this study can help better inform university administrators about at- risk groups of undergraduate students who may benefit from targeted intervention designed to reduce their addictive behaviour patterns.

    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  6. Shahrudin S, Jaafar IH, Rahim ND, Akil MA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2011 May;22(1):13-24.
    PMID: 24575206
    The herpetofauna of Beris Valley, Kedah, Malaysia, was studied using a rapid assessment survey during a scientific expedition organised by the School of Biological Sciences at the Universiti Sains Malaysia, from 14-17 August 2009. All amphibians and reptiles were observed and captured during the four-day survey along the ditches, roads, dam areas, swamps, forest trails and streams. The results showed that 14 species of amphibians from 9 genera and 5 families inhabit the area, and 7 species of lizards, 5 species of snakes and 2 species of freshwater turtles were also present in the area. Fejervarya limnocharis and Microhyla butleri seemed to be the most common amphibians, while Hemidactylus frenatus and Varanus salvator were the most common reptiles in the area. This report constitutes a preliminary checklist and first record of amphibians and reptiles in Beris Valley, Kedah. The number of specimens was less than expected because of the very short survey period, but we hope to record more species in future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  7. Hashim NA, Ahmad AH, Talib A, Athaillah F, Krishnan KT
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Mar;29(1):213-227.
    PMID: 29644025 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.14
    The occurrence of major outbreaks of dengue, and other vector borne diseases such as chikungunya and zika in tropical and subtropical regions has rendered control of the diseases a top-priority for many affected countries including Malaysia. Control of the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus through the reduction of breeding sites and the application of insecticides to kill immature forms and adults are the main control efforts to combat these diseases. The present study describes the association between Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in shared breeding sites. This study is important given that any measure taken against one species may affect the other. A yearlong larval survey was conducted in four dengue endemic areas of Penang Island. Sorenson's coefficient index indicated that no association between number of the immatures of the two species regardless of container size and study location. Therefore, the mean number Ae. albopictus immature was not decreased in the presence of Ae. aegypti in shared breeding container. However Ae. aegypti appeared to prefer breeding in habitats not occupied by Ae. albopictus, the two species sharing breeding sites only where available containers were limited. In control efforts, eliminating the preferred breeding containers for one species might not affect or reduce the population of the other species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  8. Luan OG, Yam H, Samian R, Wajidi MFF, Mahadi NM, Mohamad S, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):57-74.
    PMID: 28890761 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.5
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium that causes a globally emerging disease called melioidosis. Approximately one third of the in silico annotated genes in its genome are classified as hypothetical genes. This group of genes is difficult to be functionally characterised partly due to the absence of noticeable phenotypes under conventional laboratory settings. A bioinformatic survey of hypothetical genes revealed a gene designated as BPSL3393 that putatively encodes a small protein of 11 kDA with a CoA binding domain. BPSL3393 is conserved in all the B. pseudomallei genomes as well as various in other species within the genus Burkholderia. Taking into consideration that CoA plays a ubiquitous metabolic role in all life forms, characterisation of BPSL3393 may uncover a previously over-looked metabolic feature of B. pseudomallei. The gene was deleted from the genome using a double homologous recombination approach yielding a null mutant. The BPSL3393 mutant showed no difference in growth rate with the wild type under rich and minimal growth conditions. An extensive metabolic phenotyping test was performed involving 95 metabolic substrates. The deletion mutant of BPSL3393 was severely impaired in its ethanolamine metabolism. The growth rate of the mutant was attenuated when ethanolamine was used as the sole carbon source. A transcriptional analysis of the ethanolamine metabolism genes showed that they were down-regulated in the BPSL3393 mutant. This seemed to suggest that BPSL3393 functions as a positive regulator for ethanolamine metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  9. Shafie NJ, Sah SAM, Mutalib AHA, Fadzly N
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):31-44.
    PMID: 28890759 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.3
    The population of bats has declined from year to year caused by human activities such as logging and hunting activities. Since the human factor is linked to the issues of population decline in many animal species, a community-based conservation strategy that involved local communities is needed. We conducted face-to-face surveys among residents in Penang Island to assess knowledge and awareness level toward bats conservation efforts. We collected demographic values such as age, gender, level of education, length of residency as well as their monthly income, since different group in these variable might have different perception. We found that age groups, level of education and monthly income have shown significant differences among the respondents. However, no other significant differences were indicated for by gender and length of residency. Respondent's knowledge of bats showed that the majority of the respondents were less likely to value the importance of bats in the ecosystem. We recommended stronger legal system, earlier exposure towards environmental education, well-planned urbanisation implementation and long-term monitoring programs to strengthen efforts in conserving bats in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  10. Din HM, Rashed O, Ahmad K
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):29-45.
    PMID: 33214854 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.3
    Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most problematic and destructive disease in cucumber production. The causative agents are Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. These pathogens are soil borne and transmitted through infested soil and water. A field survey was conducted to study the disease prevalence in the major growing areas of cucumber in Peninsular Malaysia. Field study revealed that the disease was highly prevalence in the field with the disease incidence was in the range of 10%-60%. The morphological properties of F. oxysporum are microconidia (3.8-15.7 μm × 2.9-4.9 μm), macroconidia (14.8-38.5 μm × 2.4-5.7 μm) and number of septate was 1-4. While for F. solani are microconidia (3.39-14.63 μm × 2.36-4.44 μm), macroconidia (7.22-50.46 μm × 2.43-6.14 μm) and number of septate was 1-5. Based on molecular identification had confirmed that the disease is caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani with similarity index of 99%-100% based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. The pathogenicity test showed that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease was firstly appeared as yellowing of old leaves. Progressively, the infected plant will be wilted and finally died. The outputs of this study are highly important to establish an effective disease management programme to reduce disease prevalence and yield loss in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  11. Md Saad M, Ali NS, Meon S
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):19-43.
    PMID: 32963709 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.2
    Basal stem rot (BSR) is a devastating disease to Malaysian oil palm. Current techniques employed for BSR disease detection on oil palm are laborious, time consuming, costly, and subjected to accuracy limitations. An ergosterol detection method was developed, whereby it correlated well with the degree of infection in oil palm. This current study was designed to study the relationship between Ganoderma biomass, ergosterol concentration, BSR disease progress and to validate the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method for extraction of ergosterol compound. In addition, testing on the sensitivity of thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for detection of ergosterol was also the aim of this study. The optimised procedure involved extracting a small amount of Ganoderma-infected oil palm root tissues suspended in low volumes of solvent followed by irradiation in a conventional microwave oven at 70°C and medium high power for 30 s, resulting in simultaneous extraction and saponification. Based on the results obtained, MAE method may be effective in extracting low to high yields of ergosterol from infected oil palm roots demonstrating disease scale 2, 3 and 4. Positive relationship was observed between ergosterol content and inoculation period starting day 3 in the inoculated oil palm seedlings and hour 6 in germinated seeds. TLC analysis demonstrated a good correlation with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification. Therefore, a semi-quantitative TLC analysis may be applied for handling a large amount of samples during onset field survey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  12. Shamsul,Fadzil,S,S,, Ahmad,Khalil,A,I,, Noviaranny,I,Y,, Abdullah,Al-Jaf,N,M,, Kazi,J,A,
    Compendium of Oral Science, 2020;7(1):21-29.
    MyJurnal
    Abstract
    Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient’s satisfaction regarding the orthodontic treatment
    provided by the Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and to determine the factors that
    affected their satisfaction level.
    Methods: : A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients treated with full fixed appliances in the
    faculty’s orthodontic clinic using a validated questionnaire.
    Results: : The final sample consisted of 105 subjects (response rate 76%) which comprises of 26 males and 79
    females were chose with 97% of the respondents are Malay. Most subjects had orthodontic treatment duration
    of more than 1.5 years (100%) and were still wearing fixed appliances (89%). Items included in the
    questionnaire: reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment, questions relevant to satisfaction with orthodontic
    treatment, doctor-patient relationship and pain experience during orthodontic treatment. Concerning the doctor
    patient relationship, 91% of the respondents were contented with their orthodontist. Respondents answered
    ‘Yes’ to the treatment plan explained prior to the procedure (91.4%), questions answered promptly (94.3%),
    gentleness of the orthodontist (91.4%) and dental assistant (88.6%), orthodontist honesty about treatment
    duration (90.5%) and cost (97.1%), and recommendation to others (90.5%).
    Conclusion: Generally, patients who had received orthodontic treatment from the orthodontic clinic in Faculty
    of Dentistry UiTM were satisfied with the overall treatment outcomes. However, there were still some aspects of
    the service that can be improved in the future in order to provide a better healthcare services specifically in
    orthodontic treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  13. Gan SW, Ong LS, Lee CH, Lin YS
    J Genet Psychol, 2020 08 13;181(6):458-469.
    PMID: 32787705 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1803196
    This paper examined the role of loneliness in mediating the relation between social support and life satisfaction among Chinese young adults within the Malaysian context. Young adults (N = 275; Mage = 22.41; SD = 1.76; 57.5% females) completed self-administered questionnaires on the scales of perceived social support, loneliness and life satisfaction. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed a partial mediation effect of loneliness on the relation between social support and life satisfaction. The integration of the bottom-up theory of subjective well-being and social cognitive theory is included to explain the mediating process. The results revealed that perceived social support can relate to a lower level of loneliness, which could eventually lead to higher levels of young adults' life satisfaction. Overall, the findings highlighted the importance of social support as well as their loneliness as a mediating pathway in promoting Malaysian Chinese young adults' life satisfaction. Interventions are also suggested to optimize life satisfaction as a whole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  14. Salim H, Shariff Ghazali S, Lee PY, Cheong AT, Harrun NH, Mohamed Isa S, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2021 06 22;21(1):1186.
    PMID: 34158013 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11194-w
    BACKGROUND: Limited health literacy among people with asthma is associated with poor adherence to self-management activities, thus poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of health literacy level and its determinants among people with asthma in the Malaysian primary healthcare settings.

    METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants aged > 18 years with asthma who attended five primary health clinics in Malaysia. Systematic random sampling was employed with a final sample of 550 participants. The questionnaires included the validated Malay version of Health Literacy Scale (HLS) and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the determinants for limited health literacy.

    RESULTS: The participants mean age of the participants was 48 (SD15.4) years. Most of the participants were women (64%) and of Malay ethnicity (51.1%). Nearly half had a secondary level of education, n = 112, (45.8%). Mean duration of asthma diagnosis is 20.6 (SD 15.9) years. More than half (62.5%) had a family history of asthma. About half (50.9%) had uncontrolled asthma, with 87.3% self-rated themselves as having controlled asthma. About a third (29.1%) received education on of asthma action plan, but only 7.1% of these owned a written version an asthma action plan. Limited health literacy accounts for 60.5% of the participants. The significant determinants for limited health literacy included lower educational attainment (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  15. Ballo L, Arheiam A, Marhazlinda J
    BMC Oral Health, 2021 06 25;21(1):320.
    PMID: 34172041 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01681-2
    OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to assess the caries experience and associated factors and its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 6-year-old Libyan children.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional survey including 706 six-year-old children was conducted in 2017 in Benghazi, Libya. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status and oral health behaviours, and the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) to assess the OHRQoL. Clinical examination assessed caries experience at tooth level (dmft) and the number of decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (dt, mt and ft). Poisson regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dmft scores and the independent predictors. Linear regression analysis was conducted for ECOHIS scores with the children's gender, SES and OHB. The statistical significance was set to ≤  0.05.

    RESULTS: Data were available for 706 children. Caries prevalence (dt) and dmft of ≥ 1 were 69.1% and 71% respectively. The mean ± SD dmft score was 3.23 ± 3.32. There was a significant and direct association between dmft scores and daily consumption of sugary snacks (B = 1.27, P = 0.011) and a significant inverse association with teethbrushing twice daily (B = 0.80, P = 0.041). There was a significant and direct association between A-ECOHIS and dmft (B = 1.14, P ≤ 0.001) and a significant and inverse association between A- ECOHIS and high and intermediate family income compared to low income (B = -3.82, P = 0.0001 and B = -2.06, P = 0.028).

    CONCLUSIONS: 6-year-old Libyan children had a relatively high caries experience an untreated decay with impact on OHRQoL. Social disparities, sugar consumption patterns and oral hygiene practices were associated with high caries experience.

    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  16. Omar H, Khan S, Haneline M, Toh CG
    Eur J Dent Educ, 2021 Aug;25(3):592-599.
    PMID: 33222374 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12636
    INTRODUCTION: Interprofessional learning (IPL) is the first stage towards the goal of interprofessional collaborative care. To enhance IPL experience, the School of Dentistry, International Medical University developed an IPL model based on the core competencies and the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students in their second and fourth year, respectively. The model was based on experiential learning and adult learning theories in addition to Miller's framework for clinical competencies.

    METHODS: The programme was developed as a student-centred, collaborative approach to achieve the learning outcomes for dental and chiropractic students. Second-year dental students (n = 46) and chiropractic students (n = 23) in their fourth year participated in the programme. The focus of the programme was to address the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) amongst dental students and to provide the chiropractic students with the opportunity to assess and identify risk factors for WMSDs in the dental setting. The readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS) questionnaire was completed prior to the interprofessional education programme and once again afterwards to determine dental and chiropractic students' awareness of roles and responsibilities of the other profession, and their attitudes to interprofessional education and teamwork.

    RESULTS: Dental and chiropractic students showed similar levels of readiness for shared learning. The results of this study suggest that the IPL programme contributed to the development of the students' positive perceptions towards the positive professional identity and the roles of other healthcare professionals.

    CONCLUSION: This study provides initial support for the integrated interprofessional learning experiences within the school. The results of the study will shape future curricula changes to further strengthen interprofessional education and subsequent interprofessional collaborative care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  17. Kang HN, Thorpe R, Knezevic I, Casas Levano M, Chilufya MB, Chirachanakul P, et al.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2021 05;1491(1):42-59.
    PMID: 33222245 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14522
    The World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidelines for the regulatory evaluation of biosimilars in 2009 and has provided considerable effort toward helping member states implement the evaluation principles in the guidelines into their regulatory practices. Despite this effort, a recent WHO survey (conducted in 2019-2020) has revealed four main remaining challenges: unavailable/insufficient reference products in the country; lack of resources; problems with the quality of some biosimilars (and even more with noninnovator products); and difficulties with the practice of interchangeability and naming of biosimilars. The following have been identified as opportunities/solutions for regulatory authorities to deal with the existing challenges: (1) exchange of information on products with other regulatory authorities and accepting foreign licensed and sourced reference products, hence avoiding conducting unnecessary (duplicate) bridging studies; (2) use of a "reliance" concept and/or joint review for the assessment and approval of biosimilars; (3) review and reassessment of the products already approved before the establishment of a regulatory framework for biosimilar approval; and (4) setting appropriate regulatory oversight for good pharmacovigilance, which is essential for the identification of problems with products and establishing the safety and efficacy of interchangeability of biosimilars.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  18. El Jalii IM, Bahaman AR
    Trop Biomed, 2004 Dec;21(2):113-9.
    PMID: 16493403 MyJurnal
    This paper reviews the literature on human leptospirosis in Malaysia from its first description in 1925 until the present day. Fletcher diagnosed the first case of human leptospirosis in Malaysia in 1925. Following Fletcher, many investigations on human leptospirosis in Malaysia disclosed a high prevalence of infection. These investigations indicated that the disease was endemic in the country. Examination of 1993 suspected human cases of leptospirosis by Tan indicated 28 % of the cases were positive. In a recent survey, 2190 serum samples from patients with different clinical manifestations in the country disclosed 12.6% were positive for antibodies to leptospires. The risk to leptospiral infection with respect to occupation, location, sex, race and age groups was demonstrated. Both civilians and military personnel were affected. Thirty-seven serovars from thirteen serogroups have been identified in the country. Recent studies on animal leptospirosis showed that the disease was highly endemic in the animal population. It is considered that the majority of leptospirosis cases in humans were due to association of man with animals and disease-infected environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  19. Buppan P, Seethamchai S, Kuamsab N, Jongwutiwes S, Putaporntip C
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):861-871.
    PMID: 33601836
    Chloroquine resistance transporter of Plasmodium falciparum (PfCRT) is a food vacuolar transmembrane protein that mediates susceptibility of the parasite to chloroquine. A mutation at K76T of the Pfcrt gene is a key determinant for chloroquine resistance phenotype. In the absence of drug pressure, in vitro growth rate of chloroquine-resistance parasites was outcompeted by wild-type parasites unless intragenic compensatory mutations occurred. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum bearing the Cam734 haplotype known to circulate in endemic areas of Cambodia bordering Thailand contains 9 mutations in Pfcrt and exhibits both chloroquine resistance and comparable growth rate to the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain. To analyze the evolution of the Cam734 haplotype, codon-based analysis was performed by using the mixed effects model of evolution (MEME), branch-site random effects likelihood (BR-REL) and other related methods. Results revealed that the Cam734 haplotype has evolved distinctively from other known mutant haplotypes including the most common Dd2 haplotype in Southeast Asia. Evidence of episodic positive selection was detected at codon 144, characterized by c.[430G>T; 431C>T] (p.A144F), known to be indispensable for both chloroquine resistance and restoration of growth rate of the parasites. To survey the prevalence of mutations at codons 76 and 144 in Pfcrt among Thai isolates, restriction fragment analysis of 548 P. falciparum isolates collected from six endemic provinces of Thailand during 1991 and 2016 was performed. The 144F Pfcrt mutant was detected in 7 (1.28%) isolates. All Thai isolates analyzed herein harbored a mutation at codon 76 whilst the wild-type parasite was not found. The low prevalence of isolates bearing the mutation 144F in PfCRT could imply little or lack of survival advantage of this mutant in endemic areas of Thailand where the wild-type parasites seem to be absent or extremely rare.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
  20. Tan KL
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):389-393.
    PMID: 31649214
    BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity remains the most important modifiable risk factor in preventing a variety of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and has been identified to be a risk factor for obesity, heart disease and cancers. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with physical inactivity among the suburban adult population in Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia.
    MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a community based cross-sectional study involving 397 adult respondents conducted in February 2016. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Data regarding socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, education level, marital status and monthly income, working hours), current behavioural stage of physical activity and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity were collected. Physical activity measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) with the cut-off point of less than 600 met-min per week was considered to be physically inactive.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of physical inactivity among adult population was 36.3%. Factors significantly associated with physical inactivity included age, gender, marital status, working hours and current behavioural stage of physical activity.
    CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity is high among the adult community in Negeri Sembilan district, Peninsular Malaysia and was strongly associated with age, gender, marital status, working hours and current behavioural stage of physical activity. It is important to identify individuals with physical inactivity and its associated factors early as this could severely affect the quality of life of the individuals.
    Study site: Six housing areas in Port Dickson District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
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