MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 43 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Prevention of soccer-related ankle injuries in youth amateur players: a randomized controlled trial

Ahmed F. Farhan, Stephany, Maria J., Shamil K. Mahammed

Movement Health & Exercise, 2017;6(1):39-45.
MyJurnal

In lower levels of play, the lateral ankle sprain is the most common injury, especially
amongst male youth soccer players. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects
of an injury prevention program on the incidence of ankle injuries in male youth amateur players.
Study Design: Randomised controlled trial study. Methods: Fifty boys (mean ±SD: age 13.3±0.4
yr; body mass index of 20.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2
; stature: 1.6 ± 0.1 m) from two-sport schools, with 4.4 ±
0.5 years playing experience, participated. Players were randomly assigned to either an
experimental (EXP, n = 25) or a control (CON, n = 25) group. A physical exercise program
designed exclusively for youth male soccer players to educate as well as increasing the awareness
of the risk of injury of athletes and coaches. Over one year, all injuries were documented monthly
by physiotherapists. Complete monthly injury reports were available for 50 players. Results: Nine
ankle injuries occurred in the EXP group, and 20 injuries occurred in the CON group,
corresponding to incidence rates of 0.96 and 2.16, respectively, per 1000 player hours, which
equates to 55% fewer injuries in the EXP group. Conclusions: The incidence of ankle injuries
among youth male soccer players can be reduced by the implementation of a multifaceted, soccerspecific
physical exercise program. Coaches and players need better education regarding injury
prevention strategies and should include such interventions as part of their regular training.
Fulltext Ingested Chicken Bone (Xiphoid Process) in the Anal Canal: A Case Report and Literature Review

Alkandari AF, Alsarraf HM, Alkandari MF

Cureus, 2023 Feb;15(2):e35060.
PMID: 36942189 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35060

Accidental foreign body (FB) ingestion is common in the elderly, particularly edentulous and denture wearers. The most commonly ingested FBs are food-related, including fish and chicken bones. While small FBs can pass through the gastrointestinal tract without any complications, large or irregular-shaped FBs usually cause complications. These complications include choking, ulceration, perforation, fistula, abscess formation, or even death. Ingestion of a large chicken bone that reaches the anal canal without causing injury is extremely rare. We present a rare case of accidental chicken bone (xiphoid process) ingestion that manifested itself by projecting from the anus while defecating. Interestingly, the patient did not experience any food choking or abdominal pain, nor did she have any type of dementia. However, the patient could not grind food properly due to the loss of her upper molar teeth, which made her develop a habit of rapid swallowing. On examination, the chicken bone was seen within the anus with a sharp edge embedded in the mucosal wall. While a plain pelvic X-ray failed to display the FB, a pelvic CT scan with a 3D illustration showed its dimensions (5.0 x 2.5 x 3 cm). A plain pelvic CT scan confirmed the presence of the bone-contrast FB within the anal canal without injuring the surrounding anatomical structures. The FB was gently manipulated and successfully extracted after administering 5 ml of lidocaine gel enema. The patient was counseled regarding proper chewing habits, and she was referred to a dental clinic for a professional assessment. Seven days later, the patient was seen again at the clinic for a follow-up and was found to have an uneventful recovery. Maintaining good dental health and proper eating habits, as well as increasing awareness among edentulous individuals and denture wearers, are required to prevent accidental FB ingestions.
Fulltext Platelet aggregation inducing activity of Ficus racemosa stem bark extracts

Ahmed F, Kumar MS, Urooj A, Kemparaju K

J Pharmacol Pharmacother, 2012 Oct;3(4):329-30.
PMID: 23326106 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.103692
Cross-sectional Study on Assessment of First-pass Success of Video Laryngoscope Intubation in General Anesthesia Patients

Selina F, Talha KA, Maw K, Aung T, Ahmed F, Solaiman M

Mymensingh Med J, 2021 Jan;30(1):123-127.
PMID: 33397862

Traditional Direct laryngoscope (DL) has been used by anesthesiologist during intubation for general anesthesia patients for more than a century. Video laryngoscope (VL) helps in better visualization of laryngeal orifice during intubation and reduces intubation time. This was a cross sectional study conducted in two Asian Hospitals Queen Elizabeth II hospital of Kotakinabalu, Malaysia and King Faisal Hospital Taif of Saudi Arabia to assess the first-pass success of video laryngoscope and to compare with direct laryngoscope from July 2015 to December 2017. Random lottery technique was applied for sampling. Participants of both groups (VL and DL) were enrolled by simple lottery method. Total 146 patients were enrolled with a set inclusion criterion. Mallampati class, mouth opening, thyromental distance and mobility of atlantooccipital junction were set as predictors of first-pass success. The first-pass success was 98.7% in mallampati II patients and 92.8% in mallampati III patients. Average success rate was 95.75%. The mean success rate of VL and DL was compared and was found VL had a significantly better first-pass success rate than DL (p<0.05).
Fulltext Protective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubucin-induced renal and testicular toxicity

Ahmed F, Urooj A, Karim AA

Pharmacogn Mag, 2013 Apr;9(34):130-4.
PMID: 23772108 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.111265

BACKGROUND: Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) bark is a rich source of phenolic compounds known to possess potential antioxidant activity offering numerous health benefits.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study evaluated the protective effects of sequential acetone extract of Ficus racemosa bark at two doses (FR250; 250 mg kg(-1) and FR500; 500 mg kg(-1) p.o.) against doxorubicin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats.
RESULTS: Doxorubicin administration resulted in significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in total protein and glutathione concentrations, while increased (P ≤ 0.05) serum urea, creatinine and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Extract pretreatment restored biochemical parameters toward normalization. FR250 and FR500 decreased serum creatinine levels by 22.5% and 44%, while serum urea levels were decreased by 30.4% and 58.8%, respectively. Extract pretreatment (500 mg kg(-1)) decreased TBARS and increased glutathione levels in the kidney and testis to control levels. These observations were substantiated by histopathological studies, wherein normal renal and testicular architecture was restored in FR500 group.
CONCLUSION: Doxorubicin exposure results in pronounced oxidative stress, and administration of F. racemosa stem bark extract offers significant renal and testicular protection by inhibiting lipidperoxidation-mediated through scavenging free radicals.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of mebeverine HCl colon-targeted drug delivery system

Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Chitneni M, Mutee AF, Ameer OZ, Salman IM, et al.

Pharm Dev Technol, 2011 Aug;16(4):331-42.
PMID: 20429815 DOI: 10.3109/10837451003739255

Mebeverine HCl is a water soluble drug commonly used to treat irritable bowel syndrome by acting directly on the smooth muscles of the colon. This work was aimed at the formulation and in vitro evaluation of a colon-targeted drug delivery system containing mebeverine HCl. Matrix tablets were prepared using ethyl cellulose (EC), Eudragit RL 100 either solely or in combination by wet granulation technique. Dissolution was carried out in 0.1 N HCl for 2?h followed by pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for eight hours. Uncoated forms released more than 5% drug in 0.1 N HCl therefore, Eudragit L100 was used as a coat. The results indicated very slow release profile. As a result, single retardant was used to prepare the matrix and coated by Eudragit L 100. The matrix containing 7% Eudragit RL 100 and 6% of binder was subjected to further studies to assess the effect of different coats (Eudragit L 100-55 and cellulose acetate phthalate) and different binders (pectin and sodium alginate) on the release profile. Eudragit L 100 and pectin were the best coating agent and binder, respectively. The final formula was stable and it can be concluded that the prepared system has the potential to deliver mebeverine HCl in vivo to the colon.
Fulltext Experimental investigation, binary modelling and artificial neural network prediction of surfactant adsorption for enhanced oil recovery application

Belhaj AF, Elraies KA, Alnarabiji MS, Abdul Kareem FA, Shuhli JA, Mahmood SM, et al.

Chem Eng J, 2021 Feb 15;406:127081.
PMID: 32989375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127081

Throughout the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), surfactant adsorption is considered the leading constraint on both the successful implementation and economic viability of the process. In this study, a comprehensive investigation on the adsorption behaviour of nonionic and anionic individual surfactants; namely, alkyl polyglucoside (APG) and alkyl ether carboxylate (AEC) was performed using static adsorption experiments, isotherm modelling using (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Temkin models), adsorption simulation using a state-of-the-art method, binary mixture prediction using the modified extended Langmuir (MEL) model, and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction. Static adsorption experiments revealed higher adsorption capacity of APG as compared to AEC, with sips being the most fitted model with R2 (0.9915 and 0.9926, for APG and AEC respectively). It was indicated that both monolayer and multilayer adsorption took place in a heterogeneous adsorption system with non-uniform surfactant molecules distribution, which was in remarkable agreement with the simulation results. The (APG/AEC) binary mixture prediction depicted contradictory results to the experimental individual behaviour, showing that AEC had more affinity to adsorb in competition with APG for the adsorption sites on the rock surface. The adopted ANN model showed good agreement with the experimental data and the simulated adsorption values for APG and AEC showed a decreasing trend as temperature increases. Simulating the impact of binary surfactant adsorption can provide a tremendous advantage of demonstrating the binary system behaviour with less experimental data. The utilization of ANN for such prediction procedure can minimize the experimental time, operating cost and give feasible predictions compared to other computational methods. The integrated workflow followed in this study is quite innovative as it has not been employed before for surfactant adsorption studies.
Cytotoxic and cell cycle arrest induction of pentacyclic triterpenoides separated from Lantana camara leaves against MCF-7 cell line in vitro

Shamsee ZR, Al-Saffar AZ, Al-Shanon AF, Al-Obaidi JR

Mol Biol Rep, 2019 Feb;46(1):381-390.
PMID: 30426385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4482-3

Lantana camara is an important medicinal plant that contains many active compounds, including pentacyclic triterpenoids, with numerous biological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-tumour, and cell cycle arrest properties of chemical compounds extracted from L. camara leaves. Four compounds were identified after subjecting the plant methanolic extract to LC-MS/MS analysis: lantadene A, lantadene B, icterogenin, and lantadene C. Potential antioxidant activity was examined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and compared with vitamin C as a control. Lantadene A and B were confirmed to possess the highest scavenging activity, while icterogenin and lantadene C exhibited a lesser antioxidant effect. All extracted compounds exerted a dose-dependent reduction in MCF-7 cell viability; however, lantadene B showed the highest anti-cancer activity, with an IC50 of 112.2 μg mL-1, and was therefore used in subsequent experiments. The results also confirmed the significant release of caspase 9 in a dose-dependent pattern following treatment of MCF-7 cells with a range of lantadene B concentrations. Lantadene B was found to induce MCF-7 cell cycle arrest in G1, blocking the G1/S transition with a maximum significant (p ≤ 0.01) cell count of 80.35% at 25 µg mL-1. No significant changes were observed in S phase, but a decrease in the MCF-7 population was exhibited in G2/M phase.
Defining the Role of GLI/Hedgehog Signaling in Chemoresistance: Implications in Therapeutic Approaches

Chai JY, Sugumar V, Alshanon AF, Wong WF, Fung SY, Looi CY

Cancers (Basel), 2021 Sep 23;13(19).
PMID: 34638233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194746

Insight into cancer signaling pathways is vital in the development of new cancer treatments to improve treatment efficacy. A relatively new but essential developmental signaling pathway, namely Hedgehog (Hh), has recently emerged as a major mediator of cancer progression and chemoresistance. The evolutionary conserved Hh signaling pathway requires an in-depth understanding of the paradigm of Hh signaling transduction, which is fundamental to provide the necessary means for the design of novel tools for treating cancer related to aberrant Hh signaling. This review will focus substantially on the canonical Hh signaling and the treatment strategies employed in different studies, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and combination treatment in regard to Hh inhibitors and chemotherapeutics. We discuss our views based on Hh signaling's role in regulating DNA repair machinery, autophagy, tumor microenvironment, drug inactivation, transporters, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells to promote chemoresistance. The understanding of this Achilles' Heel in cancer may improve the therapeutic outcome for cancer therapy.
Antiproliferative and cell cycle arrest potentials of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid against MCF-7 cells in vitro

Ahmed SA, Al-Shanon AF, Al-Saffar AZ, Tawang A, Al-Obaidi JR

J Genet Eng Biotechnol, 2023 Jul 02;21(1):75.
PMID: 37393563 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00529-2

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a major issue in medical science with increasing death cases every year worldwide. Therefore, searching for alternatives and nonorthodox methods of treatments with high efficiency, selectivity and less toxicity is the main goal in fighting cancer. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), is a derivative pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibited various biological activities with potential anti-tumoral agents. In this research, AKBA was utilized to examine the potential cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells in vitro and monitor the cellular and morphological changes with a prospective impact on apoptosis induction.
METHODS: The cytotoxic activity of AKBA was measured by 3(4,5dimethylthiazole- 2-yl)-2,5 diphyneltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A dose-dependent inhibition in MCF-7 cell viability was detected. The clonogenicity of MCF-7 cells was significantly suppressed by AKBA increment in comparison with untreated cells.
RESULT: Morphologically, exposure of MCF-7 cells to high AKBA concentrations caused changes in cell nuclear morphology which was indicated by increasing in nuclear size and cell permeability intensity. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was reduced by increasing AKBA concentration with a significant release of cytochrome c. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining experiment confirmed that MCF-7 cells treated with AKBA (IC50 concentration) displayed a late stage of apoptosis indicated by intense and bright reddish colour.
CONCLUSION: A significant increase in reactive oxygen species formation was observed. Caspase 8 and caspase 9 activities were estimated and AKBA activated the production of caspase 8 and caspase 9 in a dose-dependent pattern. Finally, the cell phase distribution analysis was conducted, and flow cytometric analysis showed that AKBA at 200 μg mL-1 significantly arrest MCF-7 cells at the G1 phase and triggered apoptosis.
Fulltext Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals

Ahmed F, Ghalib RM, Sasikala P, Ahmed KK

Pharmacogn Rev, 2013 Jul;7(14):121-30.
PMID: 24347920 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120511

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, wherein a progressive loss of cholinergic synapses occurs in hippocampus and neocortex. Decreased concentration of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), appears to be critical element in the development of dementia, and the most appropriate therapeutic approach to treat AD and other form of dementia is to restore acetylcholine levels by inhibiting both major form of cholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Consequently, researches have focused their attention towards finding cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products. A large number of such inhibitors have been isolated from medicinal plants. This review presents a comprehensive account of the advances in field of cholinesterase inhibitor phytoconstituents. The structures of some important phytoconstituents (collected through www.Chemspider.com) are also presented and the scope for future research is discussed.
Real-time signal processing for fetal heart rate monitoring

Ibrahimy MI, Ahmed F, Mohd Ali MA, Zahedi E

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 2003 Feb;50(2):258-62.
PMID: 12665042

An algorithm based on digital filtering, adaptive thresholding, statistical properties in the time domain, and differencing of local maxima and minima has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of the fetal and maternal heart rates from the maternal abdominal electrocardiogram during pregnancy and labor for ambulatory monitoring. A microcontroller-based system has been used to implement the algorithm in real-time. A Doppler ultrasound fetal monitor was used for statistical comparison on five volunteers with low risk pregnancies, between 35 and 40 weeks of gestation. Results showed an average percent root mean square difference of 5.32% and linear correlation coefficient from 0.84 to 0.93. The fetal heart rate curves remained inside a +/- 5-beats-per-minute limit relative to the reference ultrasound method for 84.1% of the time.
Zika Virus Vaccine: The Current State of Affairs and Challenges Posed by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Reaction

Cheong HC, Cheok YY, Chan YT, Sulaiman S, Looi CY, Alshanon AF, et al.

Viral Immunol, 2022 Nov;35(9):586-596.
PMID: 36301533 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0082

Infection caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV) can lead to serious neurological complications such as microcephaly in neonates. At present, no approved ZIKV vaccine is available, but few vaccine candidates are undergoing clinical trial. One major challenge faced is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) reaction that may provoke severe outcome in subsequent infection by ZIKV or other flaviviruses. Thus, more efforts should be dedicated to understanding ADE in designing a safe and effective vaccine to minimize the consequence of the potentially fatal infection's complications and to tackle potential ZIKV reemergence. This review discusses different types of ZIKV vaccine candidates that are currently underway in various stages of preclinical and clinical evaluations.
Fulltext Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking and Associated Risk Factors Among Public Sector Employees in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study

Soliman D, Akram SA, AlMutairi A, AlShammari K, Al Hubaidah M, AlMaayoufi M, et al.

Cureus, 2023 Mar;15(3):e35925.
PMID: 37038574 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35925

Introduction There needs to be more evidence about the tobacco products utilized by individuals who smoke and the primary determinants contributing to the development of smoking behavior. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with using one or more tobacco products among employees from various ministries in Kuwait. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees in different ministries in Kuwait from December 27, 2018, to January 3, 2019. A questionnaire about smoking status and socio-demographic variables was used. Results There was a total of 1057 participants in this study. Of the participants, 26% (n=275) reported using at least one tobacco product. The proportion of smoking of at least one tobacco product was higher among men (n=243, 46.5%) than women (n=32, 6%). Among smokers, 1.5%, 5.9%, and 18.6% reportedly use only three, two, and one tobacco products, respectively. Of the study participants, 26% were smokers, 20.3% were exclusively cigarette smokers, and 21.8% reportedly started cigarette smoking at the age of 15 years or less. Male compared to female workers had higher odds of being smokers of at least one tobacco product (adjusted OR= 15.3, 95% CI= 10.0-23.4). Participants were significantly (p= 0.009) more likely to use at least one tobacco product if their monthly income in Kuwaiti Dinars ranged from 501-1000 KD (adjusted OR= 1.9, 95% CI= 1.2-3.0) or 1501-2000 KD (adjusted OR= 2.3, 95% CI= 1.2-4.5) compared to those who had monthly income range 500 KD or less. Conclusion The male gender and high income of the participants were significant predictors of the use of at least one tobacco product. Anti-smoking campaigns, mass media interventions, and increasing tobacco product taxes may minimize this population's tobacco consumption.
Fulltext In vitro permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of nanoscaled emulsions containing ibuprofen for topical delivery

Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Yam MF, Mutee AF, et al.

Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:387-96.
PMID: 21499428 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S14667

As a topical delivery system, a nanoscaled emulsion is considered a good carrier of several active ingredients that convey several side effects upon oral administration, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Isolation and characterization of pepsin-solubilized collagen from the integument of sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus)

Abedin MZ, Karim AA, Ahmed F, Latiff AA, Gan CY, Che Ghazali F, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2013 Mar 30;93(5):1083-8.
PMID: 22936269 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5854

Sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is considered an underutilized resource, since only its stomach and intestines are eaten raw as salad in a few countries and the remaining parts, especially the integument rich in collagen, is discarded. Hence a valuable by-product having potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications is wasted. In the present investigation, pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from the integument of S. vastus was isolated, purified and characterized.
Fulltext Genetic dissection of sympatric populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), using DALP-PCR molecular markers

Latif MA, Rafii MY, Mazid MS, Ali ME, Ahmed F, Omar MY, et al.

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:586831.
PMID: 22593700 DOI: 10.1100/2012/586831

Direct amplified length polymorphism (DALP) combines the advantages of a high-resolution fingerprint method and also characterizing the genetic polymorphisms. This molecular method was also found to be useful in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens species complex for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. A total of 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. were collected from 6 locations from Malaysia. Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper, N. lugens, one from rice and the other from a weed grass (Leersia hexandra), were collected from each of five locations. N. bakeri was used as an out group. Three oligonucleotide primer pairs, DALP231/DALPR'5, DALP234/DALPR'5, and DALP235/DALPR'5 were applied in this study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on genetic distances for the 11 populations of Nilaparvata spp. revealed that populations belonging to the same species and the same host type clustered together irrespective of their geographical localities of capture. The populations of N. lugens formed into two distinct clusters, one was insects with high esterase activities usually captured from rice and the other was with low esterase activities usually captured from L. hexandra. N. bakeri, an out group, was the most isolated group. Analyses of principal components, molecular variance, and robustness also supported greatly to the findings of cluster analysis.
Design and synthesis of new barbituric- and thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potent urease inhibitors: Structure activity relationship and molecular modeling studies

Rauf A, Shahzad S, Bajda M, Yar M, Ahmed F, Hussain N, et al.

Bioorg Med Chem, 2015 Sep 1;23(17):6049-58.
PMID: 26081763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.038

In this study 36 new compounds were synthesized by condensing barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid and respective anilines (bearing different substituents) in the presence of triethyl orthoformate in good yields. In vitro urease inhibition studies against jack bean urease revealed that barbituric acid derived compounds (1-9 and 19-27) were found to exhibit low to moderate activity however thiobarbituric acid derived compounds (10-18 and 28-36) showed significant inhibition activity at low micro-molar concentrations. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds (15), (12), (10), (36), (16) and (35) showed excellent urease inhibition with IC50 values 8.53 ± 0.027, 8.93 ± 0.027, 12.96 ± 0.13, 15 ± 0.098, 18.9 ± 0.027 and 19.7 ± 0.63 μM, respectively, even better than the reference compound thiourea (IC50 = 21 ± 0.011). The compound (11) exhibited comparable activity to the standard with IC50 value 21.83 ± 0.19 μM. In silico molecular docking studies for most active compounds (10), (12), (15), (16), (35) and (36) and two inactive compounds (3) and (6) were performed to predict the binding patterns.
Current advance methods for the identification of blast resistance genes in rice

Tanweer FA, Rafii MY, Sijam K, Rahim HA, Ahmed F, Latif MA

C. R. Biol., 2015 May;338(5):321-34.
PMID: 25843222 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.03.001

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases of rice around the world and crop losses due to blast are considerably high. Many blast resistant rice varieties have been developed by classical plant breeding and adopted by farmers in various rice-growing countries. However, the variability in the pathogenicity of the blast fungus according to environment made blast disease a major concern for farmers, which remains a threat to the rice industry. With the utilization of molecular techniques, plant breeders have improved rice production systems and minimized yield losses. In this article, we have summarized the current advanced molecular techniques used for controlling blast disease. With the advent of new technologies like marker-assisted selection, molecular mapping, map-based cloning, marker-assisted backcrossing and allele mining, breeders have identified more than 100 Pi loci and 350 QTL in rice genome responsible for blast disease. These Pi genes and QTLs can be introgressed into a blast-susceptible cultivar through marker-assisted backcross breeding. These molecular techniques provide timesaving, environment friendly and labour-cost-saving ways to control blast disease. The knowledge of host-plant interactions in the frame of blast disease will lead to develop resistant varieties in the future.
Fulltext Introgression of Blast Resistance Genes (Putative Pi-b and Pi-kh) into Elite Rice Cultivar MR219 through Marker-Assisted Selection

Tanweer FA, Rafii MY, Sijam K, Rahim HA, Ahmed F, Ashkani S, et al.

Front Plant Sci, 2015;6:1002.
PMID: 26734013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01002

Blast is the most common biotic stress leading to the reduction of rice yield in many rice-growing areas of the world, including Malaysia. Improvement of blast resistance of rice varieties cultivated in blast endemic areas is one of the most important objectives of rice breeding programs. In this study, the marker-assisted backcrossing strategy was applied to improve the blast resistance of the most popular Malaysian rice variety MR219 by introgressing blast resistance genes from the Pongsu Seribu 2 variety. Two blast resistance genes, Pi-b and Pi-kh, were pyramided into MR219. Foreground selection coupled with stringent phenotypic selection identified 15 plants homozygous for the Pi-b and Pi-kh genes, and background selection revealed more than 95% genome recovery of MR219 in advanced blast resistant lines. Phenotypic screening against blast disease indicated that advanced homozygous blast resistant lines were strongly resistant against pathotype P7.2 in the blast disease endemic areas. The morphological, yield, grain quality, and yield-contributing characteristics were significantly similar to those of MR219. The newly developed blast resistant improved lines will retain the high adoptability of MR219 by farmers. The present results will also play an important role in sustaining the rice production of Malaysia.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links