METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in the work area of the Perhentian Luas Public Health Centre, Kuantan Singingi district, Riau province, Indonesia, from June 12 to 26, 2022, and comprised people aged >35 years with stage I hypertension. They were divided into intervention group A and control group B. Group A received young coconut water 150ml for 1 week once a day in the morning. Data was collected using observation sheets and blood pressure monitoring. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
RESULTS: Of the 30 subjects, 15(50%) were each in each of the two groups. All the 15(100%) respondents in group A were females, while there were 10(66.7%) males and 5(33.3%) females in group B. In both the groups, there were 8(53.3%) subjects aged 26-45 years and 7(46.7%) aged >45 years. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention showed significant difference in group A (p<0.05), while the difference in group B was not significant (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Consuming young coconut water every day for 7 days reduced blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, compounds that inhibit CCR5 obtained from the ChEMBL database were analysed, specifically for whether specific substructures and physicochemical properties are correlated to biological activity.
METHODS: Clustering was first performed to group 1,237 compounds into 10 clusters based on the similarities of their structure. Then, molecular docking was performed on 10 compounds representative of each cluster. Lastly, the Spearman correlation was computed between physicochemical properties and biological activity.
RESULTS: Results showed that potent CCR5 inhibitors tend to: (i) be larger in size (molecular weight of more than 500 g/mol), (ii) bind at the deep hydrophobic pocket, mostly through π-π stacking and (iii) have more than 1 aromatic ring. The larger size may aid in reaching the deep hydrophobic pocket. However, these requirements may lead to the violation of more than 1 Lipinski's Rule of 5.
CONCLUSION: Future studies should include analyses of the analogues or derivatives of the representative compounds to further expand on the findings here and establish the structure-activity relationship for CCR5 inhibition. This would aid in the development of new AD drugs since drug discovery and development of AD drugs are suffering from high attrition.
METHOD: The NIH 3T3 and RAW 264.7 co-culture were induced with LPS and high glucose before it was treated with metformin in different concentration. After 24 hours of treatment, the media and the cells were collected for further examination. The collagen expression was measured using Sirius red dye in the media. The IL-6 and TGF β mRNA examination were done using real-time PCR.
RESULT: Our study showed that NIH 3T3 and RAW 264.7 coculture treated with metformin has higher collagen expression, but lower IL-6 mRNA expression compares to those on co-culture without treatment.
CONCLUSION: Metformin increases fibrosis markers in LPS and high glucose-induced NIH 3T3 and RAW 264.7 coculture despite its ability to improve IL-6 mRNA expression.
Objectives: This study aimed to observe the effect of pegagan ethanolic extract SNEDDS on the development of zebrafish embryos.
Materials and Methods: This study used 12 sets of zebrafish embryos presented in five sets of extract SNEDDS with different concentrations, that is, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μg, five sets of SNEDDS without extract with different concentrations, that is, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μg, a set of positive control (3.4-DCA 4 mg/L) with one control set (diluted with water), and a negative control (SNEDDS without extract). The procedure was conducted for 96 h with observations every 24 h. The parameters observed were embryonic coagulation, formation of somites, detachment of tail bud from the yolk, and abnormality of embryo.
Results: The results showed that in 96 h the 20ppm concentration caused 100% mortality. Embryo abnormality appeared as coagulation of embryo, somite malformation, and abnormal tail.
Discussion: There is a correlation between the concentration of SNEDDS and the incidence of embryo coagulation. The malformation in the group of pegagan extract SNEDDS is characterized by cardiac edema, somite malformation, and abnormal tail.
Conclusion: Pegagan ethanolic extract SNEDDS of 20ppm can inhibit the development of zebrafish embryos.
METHODS: This study used PubMed and Scopus databases to conduct a systematic literature search using a set of keywords. The selected records dated from 1 January 2016 to 8 September 2021 were extracted into the Mendeley Desktop and ATLAS.ti 8 software. Systematic screening was conducted by two independent researchers and finalized by the third researcher. Data were coded and grouped according to the themes. The results were presented as the table for descriptive analysis and cross-tabulation between the themes.
RESULTS: A total of 120 records were included in this study. Under the theme of main health problems, the findings showed that mental health, infectious disease, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the top three problems being discussed in the literature for the working people in Malaysia. The findings also showed an increasing trend of mental health problems during pandemic COVID-19 years. In addition, hospital was the highest workplace where the occupational health problems were reported.Discussion/Conclusion. There was substantial work on the mental health problem, infectious diseases, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders as the main health problem among workers in Malaysia in the past five years. The employers must report any occupational health and injury case to the authority and prompt intervention can be initiated.
METHODS: Secondary data from MyTB version 2.1, a national database, were analysed using R version 3.6.1. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to identify treatment success and its determinants.
RESULTS: In total, 3630 cases of TB cases were registered among children in Malaysia between 2013 and 2017. The overall treatment success rate was 87.1% in 2013 and plateaued between 90.1 and 91.4% from 2014 to 2017. TB treatment success was positively associated with being a Malaysian citizen (aOR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.47, 4.75), being a child with BCG scars (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.39, 2.68), and being in the older age group (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.09). Having HIV co-infection (aOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.63), undergoing treatment in public hospitals (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI =0.25, 0.58), having chest X-ray findings of advanced lesion (aOR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.69), having EPTB (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.41, 0.82) and having sputum-positive PTB (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.79) were negatively associated with TB treatment success among children.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall success rate of treatment among children with TB in Malaysia has achieved the target of 90% since 2014 and remained plateaued until 2017. The socio-demographic characteristics of children, place of treatment, and TB disease profile were associated with the likelihood of TB treatment success among children. The treatment success rate can be increased by strengthening contact tracing activities and promoting early identification targeting the youngest children and non-Malaysian children.