MyMedR

Fulltext Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia: a review

Chin YM, Hassan K

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):103-11.

The common chromosome abnormalities that are encountered in the various types of leukemia are discussed here. Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia are non-random and certain chromosomal changes are now becoming recognised as being rather specific for certain leukemia types.

Incidence of otosclerosis in the three ethnic groups in Malaysia

Ponniah RD, Chin YH

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):36-7.

PMID: 1023011

Fulltext Breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene rearrangement studies in chronic myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias

Chin YM, Bosco JJ, Koh CL

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):110-3.

PMID: 1494330

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of twenty chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and thirty acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were analysed by Southern hybridization. The DNA was digested with BglII and hybridized with a 4.5-kilobase (kb) ph1/bcr-3 DNA probe. All the 20 CML patients showed gene rearrangement within a 5.8-kb segment (the major breakpoint cluster region, M-bcr) of the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene of chromosome 22, indicating the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. M-bcr rearrangement at the bcr gene of chromosome twenty-two was not detected in all the thirty ALL patients (nine adults and twenty-one children) and two normal controls.

Fulltext Prevalence, risk factors and secondary prevention of stroke recurrence in eight countries from south, east and southeast asia: a scoping review

Chin YY, Sakinah H, Aryati A, Hassan BM

Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):90-99.

PMID: 29703872

INTRODUCTION: In most Asian countries, stroke is one of the major causes of mortality. A stroke event is life-changing for stroke survivors, which results in either mortality or disability. Therefore, this study comprehensively focuses on prevalence, risk factors, and secondary prevention for stroke recurrence identified in South, East, and Southeast Asian countries.

METHODS: This scoping review uses the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley. A comprehensive search of academic journals (English) on this topic published from 2007 to 2017 was conducted. A total of 22 studies were selected from 585 studies screened from the electronic databases.

RESULTS: First-year stroke recurrence rates are in the range of 2.2% to 25.4%. Besides that, modifiable risk factors are significantly associated with pathophysiological factors (hypertension, ankle-brachial pressure index, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and atrial fibrillation) and lifestyle factors (obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and high salt intake). Furthermore, age, previous history of cerebrovascular events, and stroke subtype are also significant influence risk factors for recurrence. A strategic secondary prevention method for recurrent stroke is health education along with managing risk factors through a combination of appropriate lifestyle intervention and pharmacological therapy.

CONCLUSION: To prevent recurrent stroke, health intervention should be geared towards changing lifestyle to embody a healthier approach to life. This is of great importance to public health and stroke survivors' quality of life.

Fulltext Analysis of ras gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia by the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes

Chin YM, Bosco JJ, Koh CL

Singapore Med J, 1992 Feb;33(1):48-50.

PMID: 1598607

In vitro deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization with oligonucleotide probes were used to study ras gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The DNA of 30 AML patients at presentation of the disease at the University of Malaya Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were screened for ras gene mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 of the N-ras, K-ras and H-ras genes. Four patients (13.3%) had ras gene mutations. They were all below their early thirties in age. Of the four patients with ras gene mutations, three were M3 and one was M4 according to the French American British (FAB) classification of AML.

Fulltext Investigations on the relative synthesis of globin chains in thalassaemia: a preliminary study in Malaysian subjects

Hassan K, Vijayasilan T, Mahmood Z, Abdul Hamid H, Chin YM

Singapore Med J, 1988 Oct;29(5):462-8.

PMID: 3241975

Whole blood samples from patients with various forms of alpha- and beta- thalassaemia were incubated with 14C-Leucine to determine the relative rates of production of the alpha and beta chains by their reticulocytes. The labelled globin chains were fractionated by CM-Cellulose Chromatography in 8M Urea and the incorporated activity determined. The relative rates of synthesis of alpha and beta chains in some cases of alpha and beta- thalassaemia were established and the chain synthetic ratios were compared with similar ratios in normal individuals. The results show that it is possible to identify from the relative rates of in-vitro synthesis of the alpha and beta chains, the presence of the common thalassaemia slates in particular beta-thal trait, beta-thal homozygotes, Hb H disease and alpha0-thal trait. The presence of transfused blood does not affect the result. This study indicates that an abnormal alpha/beta chain synthesis ratio is useful in defining alpha and beta-thalassaemia variants.

Body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran

Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Amiri P, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2014 Sep;40(5):731-9.

PMID: 23952615 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12103

The study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran.

Fulltext Concordant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in monozygotic twins

Chin YM, Wan Ariffin A, Lin HP, Chan YS

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):145-8.

PMID: 10967997

Two 4-year-old monozygotic Chinese, female twins developed concordant childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) within an interval of about 2 weeks. Based on morphology and cytochemistry findings of the bone marrow blast cells, a diagnosis of ALL, L1 was made. Immunophenotyping showed the blast cells of both twins expressed similar antigens, i.e. HLA-DR, CD10, CD13, CD19, CD22 and CD34. Identical blood group, same HLA (human leucocyte antigen) genotype, sex and similar appearance suggest that the twins are monozygotic. Since the bone marrow leukemic cells of both twins were identical in morphology and expressed the same antigens with almost similar percentages of positivity, it is likely that the blast cells were derived from the same single clone. Based on the single clone hypothesis, the leukemogenic event must have arisen in utero in one twin and the cells from the abnormal clone then spread to the other twin via shared placental anastomoses.

Biphenotypic hybrid acute leukaemia detected by two colour flow cytometry

Gudum HR, Chin YM, Menaka N, Jeyaranee S, Lin HP, Tay A

Malays J Pathol, 1992 Jun;14(1):25-8.

PMID: 1469914

Immunophenotypic studies using immunofluorescent flow cytometry were performed on the blast cells of 36 patients with acute leukaemia using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies. Six patients had blasts which co-expressed markers for lymphoid and myeloid differentiation, and which were therefore defined as biphenotypic hybrid acute leukaemia. Of the six, three patients were in the paediatric age group (below 12 years old) while the other three were more than 12 years old. Peripheral blood counts were variable; however, bone marrow infiltration was extensive (blasts > or = 75% in all). At the time of study, remission was achieved in only two patients. The authors' data show that biphenotypic hybrid acute leukaemia is not rare in Malaysia. This represents a subgroup of acute leukaemia identifiable by immunophenotyping but not by the French-American-British classification based on morphological and basic cytochemical studies alone. The recognition of this subgroup is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. There are implications for treatment of the individual patient because treatment directed at a single lineage may not be effective. The two colour flow cytometry proved to be a useful tool for diagnosis and classification of acute leukaemia.

Hypothalamic-pituitary fungal infection causing panhypopituitarism

Chin YH, Yap YL, Chin HH, Lau BK

Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):606-609.

PMID: 34305132

Madam LPS, a 69 years old lady complained of left eye blurring of vision since January 2017. It was associated with left orbital swelling with chemosis, eye redness, epiphora, several episodes of self-limiting epistaxis and bilateral ophthalmoplegia. Other neurological examinations and cerebellar systems were intact. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Brain and Orbit were performed, depicting a sellar mass with suprasellar extension with blood investigations results showed panhypopituitarism. She underwent bilateral orbital decompression. Trans-nasal endoscopic biopsy showed suppurative granulomatous lesion, which cultured Candida Albicans and Candida Galbrata. She was started on antifungal and hormonal replacement therapy for panhypopituitarism. Unfortunately, she did not respond well to treatment as repeated MRI Brain on December 2018 showed increase in size of sellar mass causing obstructive hydrocephalus and increasing size of left orbital lesion. She was counselled for another debulking surgery with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. HPE taken were reported as chronic inflammatory process in favour to fungal infection. Pituitary infections may mimic pituitary mass. Some may exhibit symptoms of panhypopituitarism as well. Thus, physical examination, MRI brain imaging as well as HPE of biopsy are important aids to achieve diagnosis. Optimal treatment of fungal pituitary abscess includes transsphenoidal surgery combined with antifungal therapy.

A rare presentation of ectopic thyroid gland at right axilla

Chin YH, Yap YL, Chin HH, Sarina S

Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):600-602.

PMID: 34305130

The thyroid gland and its hormones play important roles in organ development and in the homeostatic control of physiological mechanisms in human beings. As a result of embryogenic descent of thyroid gland, it commonly resides along the midline - from tongue to mediastinum (90%). Ectopic thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, with extra-lingual ectopic thyroid gland being even rarer. Thus, there is a concern for malignant metastasis. Madam H, a 56-year-old healthy woman presented to the Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Johor, Malaysia in April 2020 with an increasing size of right axilla mass and history of weight loss. She was having right axilla mass for the previous 7 years but only noticed the increase in size about 1 year ago. She has no other constitutional symptoms. A tru-cut biopsy performed demonstrated a benign ectopic thyroid tissue. Thyroid function test showed primary hypothyroidism. Serum Chromogranin A and other thyroid antibodies were within the normal value. Further radiological imaging showed the normal thyroid gland at neck, with no signs of distant malignancy. There was no other axillary, mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement. She was started on regular T. L Thyroxine 100mcg daily and given regular follow-up in endocrine clinic. Benign ectopic thyroid gland is an unusual finding. As such, follow up is needed with possibility of carcinomatous transformation such as papillary carcinoma should be considered.

Fulltext Dietary diversity is associated with nutritional status of Orang Asli children in Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang

Ey Chua EY, Zalilah MS, Ys Chin YS, Norhasmah S

Malays J Nutr, 2012 Apr;18(1):1-13.

PMID: 23713226 MyJurnal

It is known that dietary diversity improves diet quality and nutritional status of young children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status of Orang Asli children in Krau Wildlife Reserve.

Fulltext Construction of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium ghosts isolated from retail chicken meat

Thung, T. Y., Chin, Y. Z., Najwa, M. S., Ubong, A., New, C. Y., Ramzi, O. S. B., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1826-1830.

MyJurnal

Salmonellosis is an important public health problem and causes large economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of molecular technology has opened various possibilities for constructing tailor-made proteins, particularly protein E from bacteriophage PhiX174 for the
production of bacterial ghosts (BGs) applied in vaccines purposes. In the present study, the plamdaPRcI-Elysis plasmid carrying the PhiX174 lysis gene E and thermo-sensitive lamda PR-cl857 regulatory system was constructed. Two Salmonella Enteritidis (SE-2 and SE- 4) and one Salmonella Typhimurium (ST-4) isolates were able to uptake the lysis plasmid via electrotransformation. Generation of ghosts was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42˚C. Cell viability of SE-2, SE-4 and ST-4 decreased ranging in log 2.7 to log 4.1 cycles after lysis induction. Moreover, SE-2 and SE-4 exhibited the earliest reduction of CFU after 3 h of incubation. Our results may provide a promising avenue for the development of Salmonella BGs vaccines.

Fulltext Cytogenetic studies in women with primary amenorrhea

Ten SK, Chin YM, Noor PJ, Hassan K

Singapore Med J, 1990 Aug;31(4):355-9.

PMID: 2255934

Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 117 women with primary amenorrhea who had been referred to our Genetics Laboratory by clinicians throughout Malaysia, after exclusion of other causes of the disorder. Thirty-six cases (31%) showed numerical or structural abnormalities of the sex chromosomes. These can be broadly classified into 4 main types, namely, presence of a Y chromosome (14%), X-chromosome aneuploidies (8%), structural anomalies of the X-chromosome (7%) and lastly, presence of a marker chromosome (2%). Mosaics constituted 17% of the abnormalities observed, always in association with a 45,X cell line. There was no observable correlation between the phenotype of the patients and their respective abnormal karyotypes. The aetiological role of sex chromosomal abnormalities in these amenorrheic women is discussed.

Fulltext Prevalence of chromosomal anomalies of the mentally retarded--report of a study of 124 institutionalised children in Kuala Lumpur

Noor PJ, Chin YM, Ten SK, Hassan K

Singapore Med J, 1987 Jun;28(3):235-40.

PMID: 2958941

A cytogenetic survey 01 124 children in lour special schools for the mentally handicapped was carried out to determine the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to the aetiology of mental retardation in these children. All the children were karyotyped employing the G·banding technique 01 43 (34.7%) with an abnormal chromosome complement, 40 had Down's Syndrome, and 3 had other chromosomal abnormalities, namely a translocation 1;17, a mosaic male/trisomy 18 and a Klinefelter's syndrome. Polymorphic variants involving chromosomes 1, 9, and 14 were also observed. Two other children showed variants of the Y chromosome (one a small Y and the other a metacentric Y). The possible contribution by these abnormal variants to mental retardation is discussed. Details of the abnormal cytogenetic findings are reported.

Fulltext The fragile X syndrome: first family reported in Malaysia

Ten SK, Chin YM, Jamilatul Noor MBP, Hassan K

Singapore Med J, 1985;26(4-5):372-8.

PMID: 4071092

An Indian family with all 3 sons having the fragile X syndrome is reported. The frequency of fragile X cells observed ranged from 4·16%. The phenotypically normal mother, although an obligate carrier, did not express any fragile X chromosomes in her Iymphocyte cultures. The range of mental retardation in affected
hemizygous males and heterozygous females as well as the significance of the fragile X chromosome in prenatal diagnosis are discussed.

Actual and estimated adenoma detection rates: a 2-year monocentric colonoscopic screening outcome in Shenzhen, China

Zeng L, Chua EG, Xiong Y, Ding S, Ai H, Hou Z, et al.

JGH Open, 2020 Aug;4(4):707-712.

PMID: 32782960 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12322

Background and Aim: While adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric for screening colonoscopy, it remains difficult to be accessed due to the lack of integrated endoscopy and pathology databases. Hence, the use of an adenoma-to-polyp detection rate quotient and polyp detection rate (PDR) has been proposed to predict ADR. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of estimated ADR across different colonic segments in two age groups for Shenzhen people in China.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 7329 colonoscopy procedures performed by 12 endoscopists between January 2012 and February 2014. The PDR, actual ADR, and estimated ADR of the entire, proximal, and distal colon, and within each colonic segment, in two patient age groups: <50 and ≥50 years, were calculated for each endoscopist.

Results: The overall polyp and adenoma prevalence rates were 19.1 and 9.3%, respectively. The average age of adenoma-positive patients was significantly higher than that of adenoma-negative patients (54 ± 12.6 years vs 42.9 ± 13.2 years, respectively). A total of 1739 polyps were removed, among which 826 were adenomas. More adenomatous polyps were found in the proximal colon (60.4%, 341/565) than in the distal colon (40.9%, 472/1154). Overall, both actual and estimated ADR correlated strongly at the entire colon level and within most colonic segments, except for the cecum and rectum. In both age groups, these parameters correlated strongly within the traverse colon and descending colon.

Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when predicting ADR within the sigmoid colon and rectum.

Associations between parents' perception of neighbourhood environments and safety with physical activity of primary school children in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Tung SE, Ng XH, Chin YS, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2016 Jul;42(4):478-85.

PMID: 27272607 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12355

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate parental perception of neighbourhood environments and safety in association with children's physical activity among primary school children in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.

METHODS: A total of 250 children (9-12 years of age) and their parents participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Neighbourhood Environmental Walkability Scale as well as questions on constrained behaviours (avoidance and defensive behaviours) were used to assess the children's physical activity and parental perception of neighbourhood environment and safety, respectively.

RESULTS: More than one-third (36.0%) of the children were physically inactive compared with only a small percentage (4.8%) who were physically active, with boys achieving higher physical activity levels than girls (t = 2.564, P = 0.011). For the environmental scale, parents' perception of land-use mix (access) (r = 0.173, P = 0.006), traffic hazards (r = -0.152, P = 0.016) and defensive behaviour (r = -0.024, P = 0.143) correlated significantly with children's physical activity. In multiple linear regression analysis, child's gender (β = -0.226; P = 0.003), parent's education (β = 0.140; P = 0.001), household income (β = 0.151; P = 0.024), land-use mix (access) (β = 0.134; P = 0.011) and defensive behaviour (β = -0.017; P = 0.038) were significantly associated with physical activity in children (R = 0.349, F = 6.760; P

Fulltext Improved photodynamic efficacy of Zn(II) phthalocyanines via glycerol substitution

Chin Y, Lim SH, Zorlu Y, Ahsen V, Kiew LV, Chung LY, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e97894.

PMID: 24840576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097894

Phthalocyanines are excellent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy as they have strong absorbance in the near infra-red region which is most relevant for in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most phthalocyanines present two major challenges, ie, a strong tendency to aggregate and low water-solubility, limiting their effective usage clinically. In the present study, we evaluated the potential enhancement capability of glycerol substitution on the photodynamic properties of zinc (II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc). Three glycerol substituted ZnPc, 1-3, (tetra peripherally, tetra non-peripherally and mono iodinated tri non-peripherally respectively) were evaluated in terms of their spectroscopic properties, rate of singlet oxygen generation, partition coefficient (log P), intracellular uptake, photo-induced cytotoxicity and vascular occlusion efficiency. Tetrasulfonated ZnPc (ZnPcS4) was included as a reference compound. Here, we showed that 1-3 exhibited 10-100 nm red-shifted absorption peaks with higher molar absorptivity, and at least two-fold greater singlet oxygen generation rates compared to ZnPcS4. Meanwhile, phthalocyanines 1 and 2 showed more hydrophilic log P values than 3 consistent with the number of glycerol attachments but 3 was most readily taken up by cells compared to the rest. Both phthalocyanines 2 and 3 exhibited potent phototoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HSC-2 cancer cell-lines with IC50 ranging 2.8-3.2 µM and 0.04-0.06 µM respectively, while 1 and ZnPcS4 (up to 100 µM) failed to yield determinable IC50 values. In terms of vascular occlusion efficiency, phthalocyanine 3 showed better effects than 2 by causing total occlusion of vessels with diameter <70 µm of the chorioallantoic membrane. Meanwhile, no detectable vascular occlusion was observed for ZnPcS4 with treatment under similar experimental conditions. These findings provide evidence that glycerol substitution, in particular in structures 2 and 3, is able to improve the photodynamic properties of ZnPc.

Fulltext Double-burden of malnutrition among the indigenous peoples (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia

Wong CY, Zalilah MS, Chua EY, Norhasmah S, Chin YS, Siti Nur'Asyura A

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:680.

PMID: 26194643 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2058-x

Double-burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an emerging public health concern among the Orang Asli (indigenous peoples) of Peninsular Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the presence of DBM at the community and household levels in Orang Asli population and its associated demographic and socio-economic factors.

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 30 in total