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Impact of Resolution Recovery in Quantitative 99mTc SPECT/CT Cardiac Phantom Studies

Ismail FS, Mansor S

J Med Imaging Radiat Sci, 2019 09;50(3):449-453.
PMID: 31320272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.05.007

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to validate the quantitative accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images in cardiac phantom studies. The study was performed by assessing the effect of resolution recovery (RR) when using half-time of imaging acquisition in cardiac phantom.
METHODS: The SPECT/CT images of the anthropomorphic phantom with a cardiac insert, liver, lung, and spine were acquired using the GE Discovery (NM/CT 670) SPECT/CT system. Different concentration activity ratios for different organ (10:10:1:0, cardiac:liver:background:lung) regions were acquired by using full- and half-time protocols for 643 and 1283 voxel sizes that were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) method and 3D ordered subset expectation maximization (3D-OSEM). Attenuation correction and scatter correction were applied to both reconstructions, whereas the RR only can be applied for 3D-OSEM. The data were analyzed and reported in terms of absolute recovery coefficient percentage between the cardiac insert and background activity concentration. Another parameter used to assess the quantitative accuracy for defect region was the relative error percentage.
RESULTS: The result of recovery coefficient percentage shows that the 3D-OSEM reconstruction with the RR gives the highest percentage estimation accuracy of 70% of activity recovery in the cardiac phantom wall compared with FBP (10.6%). The relative error percentage for reconstructed SPECT/CT images using 3D-OSEM reconstruction with RR shows the least error compared with FBP (21% vs. 45.1%) both in the full-and half-time acquisition of images with a larger number of matrix size used.
CONCLUSIONS: 3D-OSEM reconstruction with the RR is beneficial in giving better quantitative evaluation with a good resolution myocardial perfusion image. To accomplish this, a larger matrix size is required for 3D-OSEM reconstruction with the RR and it demonstrated an improvement in image resolution and increased quantitative accuracy of the final reconstructed SPECT/CT images.
Fulltext Is Assisted Reproductive Technique Shari’aa-compliant? A case study at a fertility centre in Malaysia

Ahmad Murad Z, Zailin Shah Y, Mansor S, Ahmad Irfan IH, Abdullah L

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):21-27.
MyJurnal

Introduction: To investigate the questions that Muslim patients, embryologists, paramedics, clinical counsellor and doctors may have pertaining to the compliance of Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) to Shari’aa.

Methods: As a preliminary study, an open-ended survey was administered to participants. Participants for the survey comprised of 21 patients, 2 embryologists, 2 doctors, 4 paramedics and 1 counsellor.

Results: Data analysis showed that most of the participants posed questions that fall into six classifications which are: Munakahat (Family Law), social Hukm, Fiqh Ibadah, Fiqh Qadha (Islamic Hukm), General Fiqh and Usul Fiqh.

Conclusion: It is clear that even though the participants were rather familiar with some of the existing Fatwas pertaining to ART and IVF in Malaysia, there are still remaining doubts which need to be clarified. This indicates that there are challenges faced in seeking and providing ART treatment to Muslim patients. This needs to be addressed perhaps in the form of Shari’aa-compliant guidelines to provide a clear explanation of each process and procedure in fertility treatment.
Fulltext Preliminary study on the wind flow and pollutant dispersion in an idealized street canyon

Muhammad Yazid, A. W., Mohamed Salim, S., Nor Azwadi, C. S., Mansor, S.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2014;1(1):1-17.
MyJurnal

This article describes the approach towards a sensitivity study of wind flow and pollutant
dispersion in an idealized street canyon with tree plantings under thermal atmospheric conditions
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, validation studies were performed to determine the
best turbulence model for the simulation of wind flow under thermal atmospheric conditions against
the previous experimental wind tunnel data. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that
large eddy simulation (LES) can accurately predict the wind flow structure at different thermal
intensities and different locations of heated wall. Finally, detailed descriptions of future research are
presented at the end of this article.
Effects of Clitoria ternatea leaf extract on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger

Kamilla L, Mansor SM, Ramanathan S, Sasidharan S

Microsc Microanal, 2009 Aug;15(4):366-72.
PMID: 19575837 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927609090783

Clitoria ternatea is known for its antimicrobial activity but the antifungal effects of leaf extract on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger have not been observed. The extract showed a favorable antifungal activity against A. niger with a minimum inhibition concentration 0.8 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration 1.6 mg/mL, respectively. The leaf extract exhibited considerable antifungal activity against filamentous fungi in a dose-dependent manner with 0.4 mg/mL IC50 value on hyphal growth of A. niger. The main changes observed under scanning electron microscopy after C. ternatea extract treatment were loss of cytoplasm in fungal hyphae and the hyphal wall and its diameter became markedly thinner, distorted, and resulted in cell wall disruption. In addition, conidiophore alterations were also observed when A. niger was treated with C. ternatea leaf extract.
Determination of naltrexone dosage for narcotic agonist blockade in detoxified Asian addicts

Navaratnam V, Jamaludin A, Raman N, Mohamed M, Mansor SM

Drug Alcohol Depend, 1994 Feb;34(3):231-6.
PMID: 8033761

Thirty-eight, adult, male, detoxified, Malaysian opiate addicts participated in this double-blind clinical evaluation of naltrexone. Addicts from three ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays, and Indians received a weekly regimen of naltrexone (100 mg on Days 1 and 3, and 150 mg on Day 5). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive intravenous challenge with either 25 mg heroin or placebo 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the third naltrexone dose. Physiological and subjective parameters were measured at each challenge interval. Results indicated that naltrexone was effective in blocking the physiological and psychological effects of heroin for at least 48 and 72 h, respectively, in detoxified Malaysian opiate addicts. The efficacy of naltrexone did not differ among the three ethnic groups evaluated in this study.
Determination of a new antifilarial drug, UMF-058, and mebendazole in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography

Ramanathan S, Nair NK, Mansor SM, Navaratnam V

J. Chromatogr., 1993 Jun 02;615(2):303-7.
PMID: 8335708

A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for simultaneous quantitative determination of a new antifilarial drug (UMF-058, I) and mebendazole (MBZ) is described. After a simple extraction from whole blood, both compounds were analysed using a C18 Nova Pak reversed-phase column and a mobile phase of methanol-0.05 M ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (50:50, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.0, with ultraviolet detection at 291 nm. The average recoveries of I and MBZ over a concentration range of 25-250 ng/ml were 92.0 +/- 7.7 and 84.4 +/- 4.4%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentrations in whole blood for I and MBZ were 7 and 6 ng/ml, respectively. This method was found to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
Simultaneous determination of artesunic acid and dihydroartemisinin in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography for application in clinical pharmacological studies

Navaratnam V, Mordi MN, Mansor SM

J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 1997 Apr 25;692(1):157-62.
PMID: 9187395

A selective reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the antimalarial compound artesunic acid (ARS), dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) and artemisinin (QHS), as internal standard, is described. After extraction from plasma, ARS and DQHS were analysed using an Econosil C8 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 M acetic acid (42:58, v/v) adjusted to pH 5.0 and electrochemical detection in the reductive mode. The mean recovery of ARS and DQHS over a concentration range of 50-200 ng/ml was 75.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The within-day coefficients of variation were 4.2-7.4% for ARS and 2.6-4.9% for DQHS. The day-to-day coefficients of variation were 1.6-9.6% and 0.5-8.3%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration for ARS and DQHS in plasma was 4.0 ng/ml for both compounds. The method was found to be suitable for use in clinical pharmacological studies.
Determination of the antifilarial drug UMF-078 and its metabolites UMF-060 and flubendazole in whole blood using high-performance liquid chromatography

Ramanathan S, Nair NK, Mansor SM, Navaratnam V

J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl, 1994 May 13;655(2):269-73.
PMID: 8081473

A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of the antifilarial drug UMF-078 (I) and its metabolites UMF-060 (II) and flubendazole (III) is described. After a simple extraction from whole blood, the compounds were determined by HPLC using a C18 Inertsil ODS-2 reversed-phase column with methanol-0.05M ammonium acetate (pH 4.0) as the mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 291 nm. The average recoveries of I, II and III over the concentration range 20-500 ng ml-1 were 69.9 +/- 4.7, 85.6 +/- 4.4 and 85.1 +/- 6.0%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentrations in whole blood for I, II and III were 10, 7 and 7 ng ml-1, respectively. This method was found to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
A history of mental illness among women in the Straits Settlements in the nineteenth century

Yusof HM, Enh AM, Mansor S

Hist Psychiatry, 2024 Jun 14.
PMID: 38877711 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X241254506

The Straits Settlements, a collective colony under the administration of British Malaya, was a very unhealthy area in the early years of the nineteenth century. One of the most common sicknesses was mental illness, which could not be cured by medicines. The number of women suffering from mental illness was higher than in men, and it was found that there were many internal and external causes. The increasing number of women patients affected the role of mental hospitals, which were not only for treatment purposes, but also for business. This study will discuss the factors causing women to suffer from mental illness, and the role of the asylum for women mental patients in the nineteenth century.
Fulltext Inhibitory effect of mitragynine on human cytochrome P450 enzyme activities

Hanapi NA, Ismail S, Mansor SM

Pharmacognosy Res, 2013 Oct;5(4):241-6.
PMID: 24174816 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.118806

To date, many findings reveal that most of the modern drugs have the ability to interact with herbal drugs.
Fulltext Comparison between the Effect of Soybean and Goat's Milk on Tumor-Marker Enzyme Activities During Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

Rahmat A, Seam CK, Endrini S, Mansor SM

Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jan;8(1):41-5.
PMID: 22973155

Milk is a physiological fluid which has high nutritional value and soybean has strong antioxidant characteristics which is believed to inhibit carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of soybean and goat's milk on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats (fed with diethylnitrosamine; DEN and acetylaminofluorene; AAF) by determining the activities of plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Thirty-six rats from the species Sprague-Dawley were divided into 6 groups : control, DEN/AAF, soybean, DEN/AAF with soybean treatment, goat's milk and DEN/AAF with goat's milk treatment. Soybean and goat's milk administrations were given 5 ml/day. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks and the blood was collected. Treatment with DEN/AAF caused an increase in ALP and GGT levels and a decrease in weight significantly (p<0.05). ALP and GGT activities decreased significantly after administration of soybean and goat's milk (p<0.05). Administration of goat's milk and soybean alone did not cause any changes in the enzyme activities. Comparison between the effect of soybean and goat's milk in reducing the enzyme activities (ALP and GGT) did not give significant values (p>0.05). However, a decrease in weight was observed in the rats given soybean as well as goat's milk. The results obtained suggested that soybean and goat's milk may work as anti cancer agents in hepatocarcinogenesis although further studies are required to further elucidate this aspect.
Auto-shape lossless compression of pharynx and esophagus fluoroscopic images

Arif AS, Mansor S, Logeswaran R, Karim HA

J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):5.
PMID: 25628161 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0200-z

The massive number of medical images produced by fluoroscopic and other conventional diagnostic imaging devices demand a considerable amount of space for data storage. This paper proposes an effective method for lossless compression of fluoroscopic images. The main contribution in this paper is the extraction of the regions of interest (ROI) in fluoroscopic images using appropriate shapes. The extracted ROI is then effectively compressed using customized correlation and the combination of Run Length and Huffman coding, to increase compression ratio. The experimental results achieved show that the proposed method is able to improve the compression ratio by 400 % as compared to that of traditional methods.
Seasonal variability of chlorophyll-a and oceanographic conditions in Sabah waters in relation to Asian monsoon--a remote sensing study

Abdul-Hadi A, Mansor S, Pradhan B, Tan CK

Environ Monit Assess, 2013 May;185(5):3977-91.
PMID: 22930185 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2843-2

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of Asian monsoon on chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content in Sabah waters and to identify the related oceanographic conditions that caused phytoplankton blooms at the eastern and western coasts of Sabah, Malaysia. A series of remote sensing measurements including surface Chl-a, sea surface temperature, sea surface height anomaly, wind speed, wind stress curl, and Ekman pumping were analyzed to study the oceanographic conditions that lead to large-scale nutrients enrichment in the surface layer. The results showed that the Chl-a content increased at the northwest coast from December to April due to strong northeasterly wind and coastal upwelling in Kota Kinabalu water. The southwest coast (Labuan water) maintained high concentrations throughout the year due to the effect of Padas River discharge during the rainy season and the changing direction of Baram River plume during the northeast monsoon (NEM). However, with the continuous supply of nutrients from the upwelling area, the high Chl-a batches were maintained at the offshore water off Labuan for a longer time during NEM. On the other side, the northeast coast illustrated a high Chl-a in Sandakan water during NEM, whereas the northern tip off Kudat did not show a pronounced change throughout the year. The southeast coast (Tawau water) was highly influenced by the direction of the surface water transport between the Sulu and Sulawesi Seas and the prevailing surface currents. The study demonstrates the presence of seasonal phytoplankton blooms in Sabah waters which will aid in forecasting the possible biological response and could further assist in marine resource managements.
Acute toxicity study of the standardized methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth in rodent

Harizal SN, Mansor SM, Hasnan J, Tharakan JK, Abdullah J

J Ethnopharmacol, 2010 Sep 15;131(2):404-9.
PMID: 20643198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.013

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Mitragyna speciosa Korth (ketum) is widely used in Malaysia as a medicinal agent for treating diarrhea, worm infestations and also acts as an analgesic and antipyretic.
AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the acute toxicity of Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract in vivo in 4-weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODOLOGY: Rats were orally administrated single dose of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract and the control group received 430 mg/kg of morphine orally. There were 10 rats in each group. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. Eight parameters were tested: cage side observation, body weight measurement, food and water consumption, blood pressure, absolute and relative organ weight, hematology, biochemical analysis and histopathology, to look for evidence of toxicity.
RESULT: No mortality was noted after 14 days of treatment. In general, behavior, food and water consumption, hematological studies and organ weights showed no significant changes. The standardized methanol extraction of Mitragyna speciosa Korth increased rat blood pressure (systolic: 147.4+/-1.01, 131.64+/-4.94 and 137.8+/-4.46) after an hour of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, respectively. Biochemical studies showed significant elevation of ALT, AST, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and albumin (p>0.05), at all levels of doses. But, nephrotoxicity evidenced by elevated creatinine was seen only at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. Histological examination showed congestion of sinusoids, hemorrhage hepatocytes, fatty change, centrilobular necrosis and increased number of Kuppfer cells in the liver of all Mitragyna speciosa Korth standardized methanol extract treated groups.
CONCLUSION: Oral administration of standardized methanolic extraction of Mitragyna speciosa Korth resulted in increasing rat blood pressure after an hour of drug administration. The highest dose of extract also induced acute severe hepatotoxicity and mild nephrotoxicity. However, Mitragyna speciosa Korth shows no effects on body weight, food and water consumption, absolute and relative organ weight and also hematology parameters.
Fulltext 2-Sulfanyl-idene-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-3-carbohydrazide

Mansor S, Yehye WA, Ariffin A, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 10):o2516.
PMID: 21587510 DOI: 10.1107/S160053681003521X

All non-H atoms of the title compound, C(6)H(7)N(3)OS, which exists in the thione form, lie in a common plane (r.m.s. of non-H atoms = 0.08 Å). The amino group of the -NH-NH(2) substituent forms an intra-molecular hydrogen bond to the S atom. The terminal -NH(2) group is pyramidally coordinated; it forms a weak N-H⋯O and a weak N-H⋯S hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the N atom is an acceptor for a C-H⋯N contact. The amino group of the ring is a hydrogen-bond donor to the carbonyl O atom of an adjacent mol-ecule, this inter-action giving rise to a linear chain motif running along the b axis.
Fulltext N-(2-Hydroxy-phen-yl)-4-nitro-phthalimide

Mansor S, Zakaria N, Ariffin A, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2008;64(Pt 9):o1770.
PMID: 21201752 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808025920

Mol-ecules of the title compound, C(14)H(8)N(2)O(5), are linked by a hydr-oxy-amide O-H⋯O hydrogen bond into a linear chain. The hydr-oxy group is disordered over two positions of the benzene ring in an approximate 0.57:0.43 ratio.
Pharmacokinetics of artemisinin-type compounds

Navaratnam V, Mansor SM, Sit NW, Grace J, Li Q, Olliaro P

Clin Pharmacokinet, 2000 Oct;39(4):255-70.
PMID: 11069212

Various compounds of the artemisinin family are currently used for the treatment of patients with malaria worldwide. They are characterised by a short half-life and feature the most rapidly acting antimalarial drugs to date. They are increasingly being used, often in combination with other drugs, although our knowledge of their main pharmacological features (including their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) is still incomplete. Such data are particularly important in the case of combinations. Artemisinin derivatives are converted primarily, but to different extents, to the bioactive metabolite artenimol after either parenteral or gastrointestinal administration. The rate of conversion is lowest for artelinic acid (designed to protect the molecule against metabolism) and highest for the water-soluble artesunate. The absolute and relative bioavailability of these compounds has been established in animals, but not in humans, with the exception of artesunate. Oral bioavailability in animals ranges, approximately, between 19 and 35%. A first-pass effect is highly probably for all compounds when administered orally. Artemisinin compounds bind selectively to malaria-infected erythrocytes to yet unidentified targets. They also bind modestly to human plasma proteins, ranging from 43% for artenimol to 81.5% for artelinic acid. Their mode of action is still not completely understood, although different theories have been proposed. The lipid-soluble artemether and artemotil are released slowly when administered intramuscularly because of the 'depot' effect related to the oil formulation. Understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of these 2 drugs helps us to explain the characteristics of the toxicity and neurotoxicity. The water-soluble artesunate is rapidly converted to artenimol at rates that vary with the route of administration, but the processes need to be characterised further, including the relative contribution of pH and enzymes in tissues, blood and liver. This paper intends to summarise contemporary knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of this class of compounds and highlight areas that need further research.
Polyvinyl chloride-based membranes for flow injection analysis of quinine in beverages

Saad B, Bee-Leng Y, Saleh MI, Rahman IA, Mansor SM

J AOAC Int, 2001 8 15;84(4):1151-7.
PMID: 11501917

Potentiometric response characteristics were evaluated for quinine selective sensors based on a lipophilic ion-exchanger potassium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl)]borate (PTFB) immobilized together with plasticizing solvents in polyvinyl chloride membranes. The use of dioctyl phthalate (DOP), 2-nitrophenyl phenyl ether (NPPE), and bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (BEHA) plasticizers produced good quality quinine sensors that were sensitive and fast responding, and exhibited near Nernstian responses when used as batch-sensors. These membranes were further tested in a wall-jet flow-through potentiometric flow injection analysis (FIA) detector. Quinine sensors containing BEHA were the most suitable membrane, with no noticeable differences in sensitivity even after 5 h of continuous exposure to solutions. Interference by foreign species such as alkali, alkaline earth metal ions, sugars, and sodium benzoate was minimal in either the batch-mode (log selectivity coefficients
Treatment of subperiodic Brugia malayi infection with a single dose of ivermectin

Mak JW, Navaratnam V, Grewel JS, Mansor SM, Ambu S

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1993 Apr;48(4):591-6.
PMID: 8480868

A clinical trial on the efficacy of a single oral dose of ivermectin at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg was carried out in 40 subjects with subperiodic Brugia malayi microfilaremia. There was no significant difference in the clearance of microfilaremia in the four treatment groups, and the lowest geometric mean microfilarial count (GMC) achieved in the 40 subjects was 8.8/ml or 8.3% of the initial count (106.1/ml), at two weeks post-treatment. The GMC started to increase at one month post-treatment and by six months was 22.2% of the initial GMC. Only 27.5%, 23.1%, 15.0%, and 18.9% of subjects were amicrofilaremic at two, four, 12, and 24 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Mild fever in 35% of the subjects was the primary side reaction and was more common in those with microfilarial counts > or = 500/ml (85.7%) than in those with counts < 500/ml (32%). The clearance of B. malayi microfilaremia by ivermectin was less rapid than that reported for Wuchereria bancrofti. The smaller number of side reactions encountered in the present study compared with those reported for bancroftian filariasis is probably related to the lower microfilarial density in the present subjects. Since ivermectin at a single oral dose of 20-200 micrograms/kg can reduce the GMC to less than 10% at two weeks and maintain it below 25% of the initial level even at six months post-treatment, it is recommended that the drug be seriously evaluated for use in the control of brugian filariasis.
Freshwater snail consumption and angiostrongyliasis in Malaya

Liat LB, Fong YL, Krishnansamy M, Ramachandran P, Mansor S

Trop Geogr Med, 1978 Jun;30(2):241-6.
PMID: 726037

A survey of the freshwater snails, Pila scutata and Bellamyia ingallsiana, as food consumed by the local population was carried out in Peninsular Malaysia. Of these two species the first is preferred; the sizes favoured are between 25--40 mm. Pila snails were found to be consumed by the three communities, viz. Malay, Chinese and Indian, in different ways. The various methods of preparing the snails for consumption are described. P. scutata is an intermediate host of the rat-lung worm, Angiostrongylus malaysiensis. As this worm presumably is the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, the eating habits of the three races in consuming the snail in relation to the epidemiology of the disease was also discussed.

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