MyMedR

Fulltext Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children

Sengupta S

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:1.

PMID: 11200034

Sengupta S

Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1985 Jan-Feb;?(192):193-8.

Yaws, a spirochetal infection that is endemic in certain tropical countries, including Malaysia, may present with various orthopedic problems. As the condition is relatively unknown, diagnosis is often missed, which leads to poor management. There are initial, early, and late phases of the disease process. By involving skin, bone, and joints, yaws can produce deep ulcerations, joint deformities, and bone destruction. Within a ten-year period in Malaysia, 14 cases of serologically proven yaws have been treated for chronic ulcers, gross joint deformities, and pathologic fractures.

Fulltext Bilateral Stress Fractures of the Femoral Neck from RenalOsteomalacia: A Case Report

Sengupta, S.

Malays Orthop J, 2008;2(1):55-57.

MyJurnal

A rare case of spontaneous bilateral stress fractures of femoral neck leading to coxa vara in a young female with history of chronic renal disease and secondary osteomalacia is described. Once the underlying disease was controlled, the fracture was treated by valgus osteotomy with good result.

Pain and its management

Sengupta S

Family Practitioner, 1974;1(4):5-9.

Etiology of congenital deformities

Sengupta S

Family Practitioner, 1974;1(5):5-10.

Age variations in the internal radii of human arteries

Sengupta BN

Med J Malaya, 1971 Dec;26(2):139-43.

PMID: 4260862

Dislocation of cervico-thoracic spine with no neurological deficit--a case report

Saw A, Sengupta S

Injury, 2001 Jun;32(5):430-2.

PMID: 11382432

Fulltext Limb reconstruction surgery with external fixators--university hospital experience

Aik S, Sengupta S

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:86-92.

PMID: 11200049

We are describing 21 limb reconstruction procedures performed in 18 patients with the use of external fixators from 1996 to 1998. The average age of patients was 21, ranging from 1 to 50 years old. Indications for surgery included short limb, non-union, pseudoarthrosis and bone or soft tissue deformities. Average length obtained for cases of limb lengthening was 6 cm. All the seven clubfoot deformities in five children were fully corrected. Equinus deformity recurred in one foot and was treated with supramalleolar osteotomy. Out of the seven cases with infected nonunion and bone loss, three failed to achieve union and required additional bone grafting procedures. One patient with unilateral external fixator for the correction of tibia shortening developed valgus deformity.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: a case report

Sengupta S, Murugasu R

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):70-2.

PMID: 4249502

Fulltext Mapping the Age of Laboratory Rabbit Strains to Human

Sengupta P, Dutta S

Int J Prev Med, 2020;11:194.

PMID: 33815718 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_530_18

Rabbit strains find immense application in biomedical research with every strain having their discrete advantage in specific research endeavor. Acceptability of rabbit strains as laboratory animals owes to their breeding ease, availability, cost-effectiveness, ethical conveniences, larger size, compared to rats and mice, and responsiveness. With respect to different life phases, the article displays that one human year is equivalent to: (1) in developmental phase, 56.77 days for New Zealand White (NZW) and New Zealand Red (NZR) rabbits, 71.01 days for Dutch belted and Polish rabbits, and 85.28 days for Californian rabbits; (2) in the prepubertal phase, 13.04 days for NZW and Dutch belted, 15.65 days for NZR and Californian, and 10.43 days for Polish rabbits; (3) in the adult phase, 18.25 days for NZW and Californian rabbits, 22.75 days for NZR, and 12 days for Dutch Belted and Polish rabbits; (4) during reproductive senescence, 42.94 days for NZW, NZR and Californian rabbits, 28.62 days for Dutch belted, and 25.05 days for Polish rabbits; (5) in the post-senescence phase, 50.34 days for NZW, 25.17 days for NZR, Dutch Belted and Californian and 31.46 days for Polish rabbits. The laboratory rabbit strains differ in various physiological, developmental and genetic make-ups, which also reflect upon the correlation of their age at different life stages with that of a human. The present article aids selection of laboratory rabbit strain of accurate age as per experimental need, by precisely relating the same with age of human considering different life stages.

Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause sperm DNA fragmentation? Possible link with oxidative stress

Sengupta P, Dutta S

Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care, 2020 Oct;25(5):405-406.

PMID: 32643968 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2020.1787376

Impact of Coenzyme Q10 and Selenium on Seminal Fluid Parameters and Antioxidant Status in Men with Idiopathic Infertility

Alahmar AT, Sengupta P

Biol Trace Elem Res, 2021 Apr;199(4):1246-1252.

PMID: 32572802 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02251-3

Oxidative stress (OS) is a key contributing factor in 30-80% of male infertility cases. To date, several antioxidant treatments have been put forth to manage OS-induced male infertility. This study intended to elucidate the impact of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and selenium on seminal fluid parameters and antioxidant status in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT). In this prospective study, 70 patients with idiopathic OAT were randomly allocated to receive CoQ10 (200 mg/day) or selenium (200 μg/day) for 3 months. Semen quality parameters (following WHO guidelines, 5th edition), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were compared before and after the treatment. The results of the study showed an increase in sperm concentration with CoQ10 treatment (p

Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs

Sengupta P, Chatterjee B

Int J Pharm, 2017 Jun 30;526(1-2):353-365.

PMID: 28461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.068

The Nanoemulgel drug delivery system is a formulation related intervention to improve the systemic delivery and therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Nanoemulgel is an amalgamated formulation of two different systems in which nanoemulsion containing drug is incorporated into a gel base. The fusion of the two systems makes this formulation advantageous in several ways. Lipophilic drugs can be easily incorporated and the skin permeability of the incorporated drugs can be enhanced in several folds due to the finely distributed droplets of nanoemulsion phase. As a result, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the lipophilic drugs are improved significantly. An increasing trend in topical nanoemulgel use in recent years has been noticed because of the better acceptability of the preparation to the patients due to their noninvasive delivery, avoidance of gastrointestinal side effects, easier applicability and good therapeutic and safety profile. Despite of having few limitations, nanoemulgel formulation can be considered as a potential and promising candidates for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs in the future. The aim of this review is to evaluate and report the current potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for becoming an effective delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the outcome of different studies on permeability, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of the drugs delivered topically through nanoemulgel. Rationality of use along with the major challenges to overcome for nanoemulgel formulation has been discussed.

COVID-19 and hypogonadism: secondary immune responses rule-over endocrine mechanisms

Sengupta P, Dutta S

Hum Fertil (Camb), 2023 Feb;26(1):182-185.

PMID: 33439057 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2020.1867902

Men show higher vulnerability to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) and present with depleted testosterone levels. Reports pertaining to high luteinizing hormone (LH), while diminished levels of in COVID-19 patients negate the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis mediated lowering of testosterone. Although not evidenced, high testicular expression of angiotensin-converting enzymes-2 (ACE2), that aids viral entry into cells, may suggest direct viral-testicular invasion. However, secondary inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), owing to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are more likely to impair steroidogenesis. Moreover, blockage of ACE2 aided angiotensin II into angiotensin (1-7) conversion may also affect testosterone synthesis. SARS-CoV-2, by mimicking adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) hormones, may trigger host antibodies against the ACTH molecules to suppress host stress response. This commentary concisely presents the possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect testosterone levels, which possibly result in compromised male reproductive health.

Fulltext SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Possible Multifaceted Pathology

Dutta S, Sengupta P

Reprod Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):23-26.

PMID: 32651900 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00261-z

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Bulk of research on this virus are carried out to unveil its multivariate pathology. Surprisingly, men are reportedly more vulnerable to COVID-19 even with higher fatality rate compared to women. Thus, it is crucial to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can even affect male fertility as an immediate or long-term consequence of the disease. Among the discrete data available, an important finding is that angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) receptor, that aids the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, is profoundly expressed in testicular cells. In addition, the endogenous androgen milieu and its receptors are associated with ACE2 activation reflecting that enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In contrary, hypogonadism has also been reported in the acute phase of some COVID-19 cases. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to systemic oxidative stress (OS), whose severe disruptive effects on testicular functions are well-documented. This article aims to precisely present the possible impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive functions, and to highlight the speculations that need in-depth research for the exact underlying mechanisms how COVID-19 is associated with men's health and fertility.

Comparison of two methods of percutaneous pin fixation in displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children

Foead A, Penafort R, Saw A, Sengupta S

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2004 Jun;12(1):76-82.

PMID: 15237126

To conduct a prospective randomised controlled study to compare the stability and risk of nerve injury between fractures treated by medial-lateral pin fixation and those treated by 2-lateral pin fixation.

COVID-19, oxidative stress, and male reproductive dysfunctions: Vitamin C as a potential remedy?

Sengupta P, Dutta S, Slama P, Roychoudhury S

Physiol Res, 2022 Jan 19.

PMID: 35043653

Few peculiarities have been observed in the aetiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one such being its greater prevalence in men than women partly due to the higher expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in the male reproductive tissues. Recent scientific reports are in line with some of the evidence-based hypotheses in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and oxidant-sensitive pathways in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-mediated male reproductive disruptions. The seminal dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 or its components, testicular disruptions due to viral infection and oxidative damage in the testis have all been evidenced recently. High-dose of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, have been shown to be a useful treatment for COVID-19 patients, to alleviate systemic inflammation and OS. In addition, vitamin C is a major testicular antioxidant that neutralizes excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevents sperm agglutination, prevents lipid peroxidation, recycles vitamin E, and protects against DNA damage. Thus, the present review aims to discuss the mechanism of COVID-19-mediated male reproductive dysfunctions, based on the evidence available so far, and explore the possibility of using vitamin C in alleviating testicular OS and associated damage caused by COVID-19.

Fulltext The Disappearing Sperms: Analysis of Reports Published Between 1980 and 2015

Sengupta P, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E

Am J Mens Health, 2017 07;11(4):1279-1304.

PMID: 27099345 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316643383

Reports regarding the changes in sperm concentration in different counties of the world are inconsistent. Furthermore, the reports that sprung up from specific epidemiological and experimental examinations did not include data of prior studies or geographical variations. The current study, following a previous report of massive fall in semen volume over the past 33 years, attempts to delineate the trend of altering sperm concentrations and factors responsible for this by reviewing article published from 1980 to July 2015 with geographic differences. The current study identified an overall 57% diminution in mean sperm concentration over the past 35 years ( r = -.313, p = .0002), which, when analyzed for each geographical region, identified a significant decline in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. An increasing trend of sperm concentration was identified only in Australia. The association of male age with such a trend ( R2 = .979) is reported. The authors also correlated male fertility with sperm concentration. Thus, this comprehensive, evidence-based literature review aims to concisely and systematically present the available data on sperm concentration from 1980 to 2015, as well as to statistically analyze the same and correlate male health with the declining pattern of sperm count in a single scientific review to serve the scientific research zone related to reproductive health. It points to the threat of male infertility in times ahead.

Fulltext Exploring sub-optimal response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis

Yahya F, Gaffney K, Sengupta R

Rheumatol Adv Pract, 2019;3(1):rkz012.

PMID: 31432000 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkz012

Objectives: The aim was to define sub-optimal response to TNF inhibitors (TNFi), compare long-term drug survival rates and identify predictors of sub-optimal response in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients in a UK cohort.

Methods: All axSpA patients attending two centres who commenced TNFi between 2002 and 2016 were included. Routinely recorded patient data were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with paired BASDAI at baseline, 3 and/or 6 months were included for analysis. Sub-optimal response was defined as achieving a ≥ 2-point reduction in BASDAI but not BASDAI50, post-treatment BASDAI remaining at ≥4, and in the opinion of the treating physician these patients demonstrated a meaningful clinical response.

Results: Four hundred and ninety-nine patients were included: 82 (16.4%) patients were classified as having a sub-optimal response; 64 (78%) males, 78 (95.1%) AS and 55/67 (82.1%) HLA-B27 positive. Results are reported as the mean (s.d.). Time to diagnosis was 10 (8.6) years, age at diagnosis was 37 (11.7) years, and age at initiating index TNFi was 48 (11.1) years. Individual index TNFi were Humira (adalimumab, n = 41, 50%), Enbrel (etanercept, n = 27, 32.9%), Remicade (infliximab, n = 5, 6.1%), Simponi (golimumab, n = 3, 3.7%) and Cimzia (certolizumab pegol, n = 6, 7.3%). The rate of attrition was greater among sub-optimal responders at 2 and 5 years (P

Sociodemographic factors associated with semen quality among Malaysian men attending fertility clinic

Muhamad S, Sengupta P, Ramli R, Nasir A

Andrologia, 2019 Nov;51(10):e13383.

PMID: 31373711 DOI: 10.1111/and.13383

The worldwide declining trend in male fertility has been a steady concern since the past few decades. Male infertility reportedly accounts for half of the overall infertility cases in the world. Despite the evidences of reduced fertility rates in Malaysia in the recent years, there is lack of interventions regarding the reproductive parameters in Malaysian men. Complexity in determining the underlying causatives in most of the male subfertility and infertility cases limits the scope of management. The sociodemographic impacts upon overall health as well as on reproductive health of men are undeniable. The present study has analysed the data collected from patients' records in the Fertility Clinic, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), from the January 2009 until December 2018. A total of 300 male patients were included in the study and were categorised according to their seminal fluid analysis (SFA) records. The sociodemographic characteristics for each subject were analysed. The results presented significant correlations among essential sociodemographic factors, such as educational attainment, marital duration as well as the age of wife, with the levels of semen abnormalities in the subjects. The study thereby unleashes scope for further investigations focusing upon the demographic factors for better insights to ameliorate male reproductive health in the Malaysian population.

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