A seco-apotirucallane-type triterpenoid, namely angustifolianin (1), along with three dammarane-type triterpenoids, (20S, 24S)-epoxy-dammarane-3β,25-diol (2), 3-epi-cabraleahydroxylactone (3), and cabralealactone (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq. The Chemical structure of the new compounds was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Among those compounds, angustifolianin (1) showed strongest cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 50.5 μg/ml.
A new limonoid, pentandricine (1), along with three known limonoids, ceramicine B (2), 6-de(acetyloxy)-23-oxochisocheton (3), 6-de(acetyloxy)-23-oxo-7-O-deacetylchisocheton (4), have been isolated from the stembark of Chisocheton pentandrus. The chemical structures of the new compound were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. All of the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Compounds 1-4 showed weak and no cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values of 369.84, 150.86, 208.93 and 120.09 μM, respectively.
Eleven undescribed triterpenoids (pentandrucines A to K) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Chisocheton pentandrus (Blanco) Merr. These comprised ten undescribed dammarane-type triterpenoids and one undescribed apotirucallane-type triterpenoid. Additionally, two dammarane-type triterpenoids, four apotirucallane-type triterpenoids and two tirucallane-type triterpenoids were also isolated. The chemical structures of pentandrucine A-K, were fully elucidated using 1D and 2D-NMR, and high resolution MS. All of the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Melianodiol proved to be the most active with an IC50 of 16.84 μM comparing favourably with Cisplatin (13.2 μM).
Two new azadirone-type limonoids, namely lasiocarpine A (1) and lasiocarpine B (2) were isolated from the fruit of Chisocheton lasiocarpus along with three known limonoids (3-5). UV, IR, one- and two- dimensional NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to determine the chemical structure of the isolated compounds. Furthermore, their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was evaluated using PrestoBlue reagent. From these compounds, lasiocarpine A (1) showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 43.38 μM.
Three new dammarane-type triterpenoids, namely elliptaglin A-C (1-3) were isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia elliptica (C.DC.) Blume along with three known derivatives, namely (20S)-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-on (4), cabralealactone (5), and E-25-hydroperoxydammar-23-en-20-ol-3-one (6). Subsequently, their chemical structures were determined using HR-ESI-MS, FTIR, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with previous studies. The cytotoxicity activities of the isolated compounds against MCF-7 breast cancer and B16-F10 melanoma cell lines were then tested using PrestoBlue reagent. The analysis results showed that elliptaglin B (2) had the strongest activity against both cell lines with IC50 values of 60.98 and 51.83 µM, respectively.
A new antimalarial sterol, kaimanol (1), along with a known sterol, saringosterol (2) was isolated from the Indonesian Marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. The chemical structure of the new compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by comparison to those related compounds previously reported. Isolated compounds, 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 359 and 0.250 nM, respectively.
Two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, namely dysoticans A and B, and three undescribed sesquiterpenoid dimers, namely dysoticans C-E, together with six analogs, were isolated from the stem bark of Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. (Meliaceae), growing in West Java, Indonesia. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulations of ECD spectra and 13C NMR shifts. Dysoticans A and B possessed undescribed cadinanes with minor modifications, while C and D featured unprecedented pseudo-sesquiterpenoid dimers through O-ether linkages of cadinanes and guaianes, respectively. Dysotican E was also characterized as the true-sesquiterpenoid dimer featuring eudesmane-germacrene hybrid framework from the Meliaceae family. Furthermore, A-C and E showed moderate activities against the human breast cancer MCF-7 and cervical cancer HeLa cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 22.15 to 45.14 μM. D selectively exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line with an IC50 value of 13.00 ± 0.13 μM.
Chisocarpene A (1) is a new tirucallane-type triterpenoid together with odoratone (2) and 24-methylenecycloartanol (3), isolated from the stem bark of Chisocheton lasiocarpus. The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated through a detailed analysis of their spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1 D, and 2 D NMR). The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using a resazurin-based assay. Compound 1 showed the most potent activity (IC50 26.56 ± 1.01 µM) and was two-fold more active than the positive control.
Coronary physiologic assessment is performed to measure coronary pressure, flow, and resistance or their surrogates to enable the selection of appropriate management strategy and its optimization for patients with coronary artery disease. The value of physiologic assessment is supported by a large body of evidence that has led to major recommendations in clinical practice guidelines. This expert consensus document aims to convey practical and balanced recommendations and future perspectives for coronary physiologic assessment for physicians and patients in the Asia-Pacific region based on updated information in the field that including both wire- and image-based physiologic assessment. This is Part 1 of the whole consensus document, which describes the general concept of coronary physiology, as well as practical information on the clinical application of physiologic indices and novel image-based physiologic assessment.