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Bacterial membrane disruption in food pathogens by Psidium guajava leaf extracts

Henie, E.F.P., Zaiton, H., Suhaila, M.

International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(3):297-311.
MyJurnal

The mode of action and activities of guava leaf extracts against various food pathogens were studied. The killing kinetics, viability and cell leakage of Kocuria rhizophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7, measured after exposure to guava methanolic extracts (GME) revealed a significantly higher (p≤0.05) release of bacterial nucleic acids, K+ ions and protein than that of untreated microbes, indicating disruption of the bacterial membrane. GME caused a significantly higher (p≤0.05) release of RNA in gramnegatives compared to gram-positives. GME caused a relatively small but significant release of pyrines and pyrimidines in all organisms investigated. GME probably disrupted the integrity of the Gram-negative microorganism lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer. Unlike all the other microorganisms tested, E. coli O157:H7, demonstrated the lowest protein leakage, the highest K+ leakage, the highest pyrines and pyrimidines leakage within the first 10 min of extract exposure, but the lowest after 30 minutes, which may indicate their good homeostasis ability or adaptability. Understanding the mode of action of this flavonoid rich guava leaf extract, would help develop it as an alternative biodegradable and safe, antimicrobial for food and medicine, and as a by-product of the guava industry.
Fulltext Phenolics in Citrus hystrix leaves obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Jamilah, B., Abdulkadir Gedi, M., Suhaila, M., Md.Zaidul, I.S.

International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(3):-.
MyJurnal

The extraction of phenolics from Citrus hystrix leaf was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction and was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of CO2 flow rate, extraction pressure and extraction temperature on yield, total phenolic content and diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl-IC50 were evaluated and compared with ethanol extraction. The extraction pressure was the most significant factor affecting the yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 of the extracts, followed by CO2 flow rate and the extraction temperature. The optimum conditions of pressure, CO2 flow rate and temperature were at 267 bars, 18 g/min and 50°C, respectively. The yield, TPC and DPPH-IC50 obtained were 5.06%, 116.53 mg GAE/g extract and IC50 of 0.063 mg/ml, respectively. These values were not significantly different (p
Pengesanan gelembung plasma di dalam lapisan ionosfera menggunakan penerima GPS di Asia Tenggara

Mardina Abdullah, Suhaila M Buhari, Otsuka Y, Yokoyama T, Nishioka M, Alina Marie Hasbi, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:879-885.

Lapisan ionosfera berhampiran kawasan khatulistiwa geomagnetik sering terdedah kepada gangguan pada waktu malam yang dikenali sebagai gelembung plasma (PBB). Kehadiran PBB boleh meningkatkan kadar perubahan amplitud dan fasa isyarat radio yang melaluinya dan memberi kesan terhadap sistem komunikasi dan navigasi. PBB biasanya terjadi secara berturutan dengan satu demi satu struktur muncul pada waktu senja. Walau bagaimanapun, waktu dan lokasi kemunculan PBB tidak dapat diramal kerana punca awal pembentukannya masih belum dikenal pasti. Walaupun pelbagai peralatan telah dibangunkan untuk mencerap PBB, namun setiap alat pengukuran dibataskan oleh resolusi ruang dan masa. Dalam kajian ini, struktur PBB dalam dua dimensi (2D) dicerap menggunakan rangkaian penerima GPS dengan kepadatan yang tinggi di Asia Tenggara. Data GPS dikumpulkan daripada 127 stesen penerima dengan jarak sekitar 30 hingga 120 km di antara satu sama lain. Jumlah kandungan elektron (TEC) diperoleh berdasarkan perbezaan antara dua isyarat yang dipancarkan oleh setiap satelit GPS. Kehadiran PBB dikesan menggunakan indeks kadar perubahan TEC (ROTI) bagi semua laluan isyarat dari satelit kepada penerima. Struktur 2D PBB diperoleh dengan mempuratakan data GPS ROTI ke dalam grid bersaiz 0.45o latitud× 0.45o longitud dan dipetakan pada ketinggian 300 km. Kajian kes pada malam 18 Mac 2011 menunjukkan kemunculan enam struktur PBB yang berturutan pada waktu senja apeks di sepanjang longitud 95oT hingga 120oT. Struktur-struktur PBB tersebut muncul dengan jarak di antara 100 hingga 550 km. Jarak kemunculan sturuktur PBB memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan punca pembentukannya yang dipercayai berbentuk seakan gelombang.
Age estimation based on bone length using 12 regression models of left hand X-ray images for Asian children below 19 years old

Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Abdul Kadir MR, Haron H

Leg Med (Tokyo), 2015 Mar;17(2):71-8.
PMID: 25456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.09.006

Age estimation was used in forensic anthropology to help in the identification of individual remains and living person. However, the estimation methods tend to be unique and applicable only to a certain population. This paper analyzed age estimation using twelve regression models carried out on X-ray images of the left hand taken from an Asian data set for subjects under the age of 19. All the nineteen bones of the left hand were measured using free image software and the statistical analysis were performed using SPSS. There are two methods to determine age in this study which are single bone method and all bones method. For single bone method, S-curve regression model was found to have the highest R-square value using second metacarpal for males, and third proximal phalanx for females. For age estimation using single bone, fifth metacarpal from males and fifth proximal phalanx from females can be used due to the lowest mean square error (MSE) value. To conclude, multiple linear regressions is the best techniques for age estimation in cases where all bones are available, but if not, S-curve regression can be used using single bone method.
Comparison on three classification techniques for sex estimation from the bone length of Asian children below 19 years old: an analysis using different group of ages

Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Kadir MR, Haron H

Forensic Sci Int, 2015 Feb;247:130.e1-11.
PMID: 25540897 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.007

Sex estimation is used in forensic anthropology to assist the identification of individual remains. However, the estimation techniques tend to be unique and applicable only to a certain population. This paper analyzed sex estimation on living individual child below 19 years old using the length of 19 bones of left hand applied for three classification techniques, which were Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) multilayer perceptron. These techniques were carried out on X-ray images of the left hand taken from an Asian population data set. All the 19 bones of the left hand were measured using Free Image software, and all the techniques were performed using MATLAB. The group of age "16-19" years old and "7-9" years old were the groups that could be used for sex estimation with as their average of accuracy percentage was above 80%. ANN model was the best classification technique with the highest average of accuracy percentage in the two groups of age compared to other classification techniques. The results show that each classification technique has the best accuracy percentage on each different group of age.
Fulltext Initial evaluation of the training programme for health care professionals on the use of Malaysian clinical practice guidelines for management of dementia

Yusoff S, Koh CT, Mohd Aminuddin MY, Krishnasamy M, Suhaila MZ

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2013 Sep;23(3):91-101.
PMID: 24088402

The Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for Management of Dementia (second edition) was launched in April 2010 by the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A training programme for the management of dementia, involving all categories of staff working at primary and secondary centres, was implemented to ensure that care delivery for people with dementia was in accordance with the guidelines. The study aimed to look into improving knowledge and understanding of dementia following training, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme using a clinical audit indicator recommended in the guidelines.
Antioxidative properties of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts in accelerated oxidation and deep-frying studies

Nor FM, Suhaila M, Aini IN, Razali I

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2009;60 Suppl 2:1-11.
PMID: 19488917 DOI: 10.1080/09637480802158168

Murraya koenigii leaf extract antioxidant potentials were evaluated in palm olein using accelerated oxidation storage and deep-frying studies at 180 degrees C for up to 40 h. The extracts (0.2%) retarded oil oxidation and deterioration significantly (P<0.05), slightly less effectively than 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene in tests such as the peroxide value, anisidine value, iodine value, free fatty acid, Oxidative Stability Index, and polar and polymer compound content. Sensory evaluation on French fries indicated that the extract was useful in improving colour, flavour and overall acceptability and the quality of the fried product. All samples were more acceptable by panellists, especially after the 40th hour frying, compared with those similarly fried in the control oils and the oil containing butylated hydroxytoluene. M. koenigii leaf extract, had a polyphenol content of 109.5+/-0.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, and contain a heat-stable antioxidant that could be a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants for the industry.
Polyphenol-enriched extract of oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis) promotes vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent mechanisms

Abeywardena M, Runnie I, Nizar M, Suhaila M, Head R, Suhaila Momamed

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11 Suppl 7:S467-72.
PMID: 12492636

Plant-based polyphenolic compounds have been reported to possess cardiovascular health benefits. Several dietary sources, including herbs and spices, fruits and vegetables, and tea and wine, contain an array of biologically active compounds that have been shown to be effective in retarding oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and promoting vascular relaxation. In the present study four different plant sources, both edible and non-edible, were evaluated for potential activity. Organic extracts enriched in polyphenols were prepared from palm fronds (Elaesis guineensis); lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates); papaya shoots (Carica papaya) and green chilli (Capsicum frutescenes) and tested for their ability to prevent in vitro oxidation of LDL, and for potential vascular relaxation actions. Rings of rat thoracic aorta and isolated perfused mesenteric vascular beds were mounted in organ baths, contracted using a half-maximal dose of noradrenaline and exposed to cumulative additions of test extracts. Palm frond extract resulted in considerable relaxation (>75%) in both preparations and was found to be endothelium-dependent as removal of endothelium or inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) led to a total loss in relaxant activity. Lemongrass extract caused a greater relaxation action in the mesenteric preparation compared to aortic rings, and appears to be mediated via NO-independent and non-prostanoid mechanisms. Of the extracts tested, palm fronds also demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacity, as determined by the ferric reducing activity/potential assay, and resulted in a significant delay (P < 0.05) in the oxidation of LDL. Collectively, these preliminary findings lend further support to the potential cardiovascular actions of plant polyphenols and also identify oil palm fronds as containing constituents that promote vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent mechanisms.
Fulltext An active boy with bilateral knee pain

Nur Suhaila I, Siti Suhaila MY, Wan Aireene WA

Malays Fam Physician, 2019;14(1):26-28.
PMID: 31289628
Fulltext Circadian blood pressure profile and associated cardiovascular risk factors in non-dippers

Siti Suhaila MY, Juwita S, Harmy MY, Tengku Alina TI

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(2):23-31.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Ambulatory blood pressure accurately reflects a patient's actual blood pressure than casual or office blood pressure. This study aims to describe the circadian blood pressure profile of hypertensive patients and to identify the associated cardiovascular risk factors in non-dippers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2008 to 30th June 2008 among hypertensive patients attending Family Medicine Clinic HUSM. Schiller BR-102 plus was used to get 24 hours blood pressure (BP) reading. Mean of two offices BP were also taken. Non-dippers are defined as a systolic or diastolic nocturnal drop of less than 10%. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 12.
Results: 105 patients were recruited with mean (SD) age of 51.8 (9.34) year old. The mean (SD) 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP was 128.4 (12.7) mmHg and 79.7 (8.74) mmHg respectively. Mean (SD) daytime systolic and diastolic BP was 132.1 (11.72) mmHg and 82.4 (9.41) mmHg while for the night time were 123.3 (12.78) mmHg and 76.2 (9.01) mmHg. Mean (SD) systolic and diastolic office BP was 144.2(15.16) mmHg and 90.2(9.71) mmHg. Percentage of non dippers were 68.6% for systolic and 61.9% for diastolic.
Conclusion: Mean 24 hours and daytime ambulatory BP was normal but the mean night time diastolic and office BP was above-normal value. Majority of the patients were categorized as non dippers. Therefore, using ambulatory BP is clinically important to get a better understanding of blood pressure fluctuations over 24-hour periods compared to simple clinical measurements.
Study site: Family Medicine Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
Fulltext Patients' blood pressure control and doctors' adherence to hypertension clinical practice guideline in managing patients at health clinics in Kuala Muda district, Kedah

Teoh SH, Razlina AR, Norwati D, Siti Suhaila MY

Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):18-25.
PMID: 28255135

BACKGROUND: blood pressure (bP) control among Malaysian is poor and doctor's adherence to clinical practice guideline (cPG) has been a well-known factor that may improve it. this study was designed to evaluate patients' bP control, doctors' adherence to the latest hypertension cPG and their association. Factors associated with bP control and cPG adherence was also examined.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuala Muda district's health clinics. 331 medical records were selected using stratified random sampling and standard proforma was used for data collection. the latest edition of the Malaysian cPG on hypertension was employed to define related variables.

RESULTS: A total of 160 patients (48.3%) had controlled bP and it was significantly associated with patients' age (adjusted Odds ratio, aOr= 1.03, 95% cI: 1.004, 1.05, p= 0.016) and systolic bP at presentation (aOr= 0.95, 95% cI: 0.93, 0.96, p< 0.001). About 60.7% of the medical records showed doctor's good level of cPG adherence. this adherence has significant association with presence of chronic kidney disease (aOr= 0.51, 95% cI: 0.31, 0.85, p= 0.007) and cardiovascular disease (aOr= 2.68, 95% cI: 1.04, 6.95, p= 0.030) in the patients and physicians' treatment intensification (aOr= 2.00, 95% cI: 1.26, 3.19, p= 0.009). However, no association was found between bP control and cPG adherence.

CONCLUSION: Hypertension control in this study was poor and the prevalence of physicians with good level of cPG adherence was slightly above average. these findings are important for relevant stakeholders to strategise an action plan to improve hypertension management outcome.
Depression and potential risk factors among the elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kedah, Malaysia

Azniza MR, Draman N, Siti Suhaila MY, Muhamad R

Med J Malaysia, 2019 04;74(2):103-108.
PMID: 31079119

OBJECTIVE: Elderly with diabetes has been found to have a higher chance of depression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kedah.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Klinik Kesihatan Bandar, Sungai Petani, Kedah. The inclusion criteria were patients aged ≥60 years with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Those with cognitive impairment, presence of organic brain syndrome, presence of severe mental disorder and patients who are either deaf or mute were excluded. The Malay version of Geriatric Depression Scale (M-GDS-14) was used to assess the depressive symptoms. The data was analysed using descriptive statistic and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 511 patients participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents is 64.5 (Standard Deviation 7.0) years old. There were slightly more males (53.8%). Majority were Malay (63.0%), married (76.9%) and has a household income of less than RM1000 (67.5%). The prevalence of depression was 32.1%. The number of elderly people living with their children (Adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR0.20, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.55), elderly living with spouse, children, in law and grandchildren (aOR2.95, 95%CI: 1.18, 7.37), diabetic complication (aOR4.68, 95%CI: 2.63, 8.35) and HbA1c (aOR1.23, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.39) are significantly associated with depression.
CONCLUSION: The level of depression was found to be high. Factors contributing to the significantly high level of depression are found to be associated with living arrangements, diabetic complication and HbA1c were significantly associated with depression.

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