Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 111 in total

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  1. Ng CJ, Teo CH, Ho CCK, Tan HM
    Nat Rev Urol, 2017 Oct;14(10):630-636.
    PMID: 28695921 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.93
    Men have shorter life expectancy and higher mortality than women; however, only a few countries have dedicated men's health policies. Men's health reports can support the development of men's health policies. The 2013 Asian Men's Health Report (AMHR) systematically documents and compares the status of men's health across countries in Asia. The AMHR can be used as an exemplar to guide future men's health reports. The main challenges during creation of the AMHR were the lack of comprehensive health databases and the variety of data quality between countries. The AMHR revealed variations in mortality and morbidity across diseases, regions, and income groups, prompting a Delphi survey among men's health stakeholders to determine whether any dedicated men's health policies in Asia existed and to reach a consensus on the recommendations of men's health policies. The AMHR helped to promote men's health in Asia and across the world, generated research questions and collaborations, provided evidence to support development of men's health policies, identified the need to improve existing health databases, and developed a framework for the creation of other men's health reports.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  2. Tan CC, Lim D, Mohd Hisham NQ, Elias NA, Azli AS, Goh YC
    Malays J Pathol, 2023 Aug;45(2):237-246.
    PMID: 37658533
    INTRODUCTION: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections that has been widely reported around the world. In Malaysia, the available studies for this infection are scarce.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a 20-year retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence, demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and the association of oral candidiasis with clinical parameters in oral candidiasis cases reported in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya from 1999 until 2019. A total of 12,964 histopathological records from the Oral Pathology Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (OPDRL) between 1999 to 2019 were retrieved. Oral candidiasis cases were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information of interest was obtained and analysed.

    RESULTS: From the total records retrieved, 378 oral candidiasis cases were recorded and 82.8% were diagnosed from smear test. This study showed that oral candidiasis was predominantly reported in female (64.2%) and Indian population (64.2%). The peak incidence was in the sixth decades of life (27.0%). The most commonly affected site was tongue and coated tongue was the most common clinical presentation. More than 50% of the cases had comorbidity and 10.6% were associated with dentures. Ethnicity and site of occurrence were significantly associated (p<0.05) with oral candidiasis.

    CONCLUSION: This is the first large-scale study of oral candidiasis cases in Malaysia. The findings of this study are useful for clinical assessment of patients suspected of oral candidiasis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  3. Kwon S, Bower C, English D
    PMID: 14565623
    Birth defects in infants born to non-Caucasian, non-Indigenous mothers in Australia have not been described in detail previously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  4. Wong HS, Subramaniam S, Alias Z, Taib NA, Ho GF, Ng CH, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2015 Feb;94(8):e593.
    PMID: 25715267 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000593
    Web-based prognostication tools may provide a simple and economically feasible option to aid prognostication and selection of chemotherapy in early breast cancers. We validated PREDICT, a free online breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit tool, in a resource-limited setting. All 1480 patients who underwent complete surgical treatment for stages I to III breast cancer from 1998 to 2006 were identified from the prospective breast cancer registry of University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Calibration was evaluated by comparing the model-predicted overall survival (OS) with patients' actual OS. Model discrimination was tested using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years. The median tumor size at presentation was 3 cm and 54% of patients had lymph node-negative disease. About 55% of women had estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Overall, the model-predicted 5 and 10-year OS was 86.3% and 77.5%, respectively, whereas the observed 5 and 10-year OS was 87.6% (difference: -1.3%) and 74.2% (difference: 3.3%), respectively; P values for goodness-of-fit test were 0.18 and 0.12, respectively. The program was accurate in most subgroups of patients, but significantly overestimated survival in patients aged <40 years, and in those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PREDICT performed well in terms of discrimination; areas under ROC curve were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.81) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.78) for 5 and 10-year OS, respectively. Based on its accurate performance in this study, PREDICT may be clinically useful in prognosticating women with breast cancer and personalizing breast cancer treatment in resource-limited settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  5. Chen YJ, Chang JC, Lai EL, Liao TL, Chen HH, Hung WT, et al.
    Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2020 06;50(3):451-457.
    PMID: 32115237 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.01.014
    OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops mainly in women of reproductive age. We aimed to explore the risk of pregnancy complications in Asian patients with SLE.

    METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2014, we conducted a nationwide case-control study, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes in SLE patients were compared with those without SLE.

    RESULTS: 2059 SLE offspring and 8236 age-matched, maternal healthy controls were enrolled. We found increased obstetric and perinatal complications in SLE population compared with healthy controls. SLE patients exhibited increased risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (8.98% vs.1.98%, odds ratio [OR]: 3.87, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.08-4.87, p<0.0001). Their offspring tended to have lower Apgar scores (<7) at both 1 min (10.7% vs. 2.58%, p<0.0001) and 5 min (4.25% vs. 1.17%, p<0.0001), as well as higher rates of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, 9.91% vs. 4.12%, OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.85-2.71, p<0.0001), preterm birth (23.70% vs 7.56%, OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 2.61-3.45, p<0.0001), and stillbirth (4.23% vs. 0.87%, OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.54-5.06, p<0.0001). The risks of preterm birth and stillbirth were markedly increased in SLE patients with concomitant preeclampsia/eclampsia or IUGR. Preterm birth of SLE patients was 1~4 gestational weeks earlier than that of healthy controls and the peak occurrence of stillbirth in SLE population was at 20~30 gestational weeks.

    CONCLUSIONS: Asian SLE patients exhibited increased risks of maternal complications and adverse birth outcomes. Frequent antenatal visits before 20 gestational weeks are recommended in high-risk SLE patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  6. Lim KS, Ng CC, Chan CK, Foo WS, Low JS, Tan CT
    Seizure, 2017 Feb;45:24-27.
    PMID: 27912112 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.011
    PURPOSE: Ethnic variation in epilepsy classification was reported in the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project. This study aimed to determine the ethnic variation in the prevalence of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy (GGE) and GGE with family history in a multi-ethnic Asian population in Malaysia.

    METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 392 patients with a clinical diagnosis of GGE were recruited in the neurology outpatient clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), from January 2011 till April 2016.

    RESULTS: In our epilepsy cohort (n=2100), 18.7% were diagnosed to have GGE. Of those, 28.6% >(N=112) had family history of epilepsy with a mean age of seizure onset of 16.5 years old, and 42.0% had myoclonic seizures (N=47). The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy among first-degree relative of those with GGE and positive family history was 15.0%. Analysis according to ethnicity showed that Malaysian Chinese had the lowest percentage of GGE among those with epilepsy (12.3%), as compared with Indian and Malay (25.3% and 21.3%, p<0.001). In addition, 32.1% of these Indian patients with GGE had positive family history, which is more than the Malay (26.4%) and Chinese (27.5%) ethnic groups. Consanguineous marriage was noted in 5 Indian families with positive family history (9.6%).

    CONCLUSION: There was ethnic variation in the prevalence of GGE, whereby the Malaysian Chinese had the lowest percentage of GGE as compared with Indian and Malay. A substantial proportion of GGE had positive family history among the three ethnics groups.

    Study site: neurology outpatient clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  7. Soh WH, Rajaram N, Mariapun S, Eriksson M, Fadzli F, Ho WK, et al.
    Cancer Causes Control, 2018 Sep;29(9):883-894.
    PMID: 30062608 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1064-6
    BACKGROUND: Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Mammographic density is a strong, independent risk factor for breast cancer, and some breast cancer risk factors have been shown to modify mammographic density. However, the effect of physical activity on mammographic density, studied predominantly among Caucasians, has yielded conflicting results. In this study, we examined, in an Asian population, the association between physical activity and mammographic density.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,377 Malaysian women aged 40-74 years. Physical activity information was obtained at screening mammogram and mammographic density was measured from mammograms by the area-based STRATUS method (n = 1,522) and the volumetric Volpara™ (n = 1,200) method. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between physical activity and mammographic density, adjusting for potential confounders.

    RESULTS: We observed that recent physical activity was associated with area-based mammographic density measures among postmenopausal women, but not premenopausal women. In the fully adjusted model, postmenopausal women with the highest level of recent physical activity had 8.0 cm2 [95% confidence interval: 1.3, 14.3 cm2] lower non-dense area and 3.1% [0.1, 6.3%] higher area-based percent density, compared to women with the lowest level of recent physical activity. Physical activity was not associated to volumetric mammographic density.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of physical activity on breast cancer risk may not be measurable through mammographic density. Future research is needed to identify appropriate biomarkers to assess the effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  8. Jaafar MH, Mahadeva S, Tan KM, Chin AV, Kamaruzzaman SB, Khor HM, et al.
    Nutr Clin Pract, 2019 Apr;34(2):280-289.
    PMID: 30251336 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10195
    BACKGROUND: A barrier to gastrostomy feeding exists among Asian clinicians and caregivers due to negative perceptions regarding complications. We compared clinical and nutrition outcomes in older dysphagic Asian patients with nasogastric (NG) or gastrostomy tube feeding using a pragmatic study design.

    METHODS: The choice of enteral tube access was determined by managing clinicians and patients/caregivers. Comparisons of tube feeding methods were made during a 4-month period, adjusting statistically for inherent confounders.

    RESULTS: A total of 102 participants (NG: n = 52, gastrostomy: n = 50) were recruited over 2 years from 2013 to 2015. Subjects on long-term NG tube feeding were older (82.67 ± 7.15 years vs 76.88 ± 7.37 years; P < .001) but both groups had similar clinical indications (stroke: 63.5% NG vs 54% gastrostomy; P = .33). After adjustment for confounders, gastrostomy feeding was associated with fewer tube-related complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06-0.60) and better complication-free survival rate (aOR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.12-0.89) at 4-month follow-up. Anthropometric and biochemical nutrition parameters improved significantly in both groups at 4 months, but no significant differences were observed at the end of the study.

    CONCLUSION: Gastrostomy feeding is associated with a greater 4-month complication-free survival and lower tube-related complications compared with long-term NG feeding in older Asians with dysphagia. However, no differences in nutrition outcomes were observed between NG and gastrostomy feeding at 4 months.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  9. Zhang C, Tang L, Liu Z
    BMC Psychol, 2023 Sep 22;11(1):286.
    PMID: 37737198 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01311-2
    BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature demonstrates that social media usage has witnessed a rapid increase in higher education and is almost ubiquitous among young people. The underlying mechanisms as to how social media usage by university students affects their well-being are unclear. Moreover, current research has produced conflicting evidence concerning the potential effects of social media on individuals' overall well-being with some reporting negative outcomes while others revealing beneficial results.

    METHODS: To address the research gap, the present research made an attempt to investigate the crucial role of social media in affecting students' psychological (PWB) and subjective well-being (SWB) by testing the mediating role of self-esteem and online social support and the moderation effect of cyberbullying. The data in the study were obtained from a sample of 1,004 college students (483 females and 521 males, Mage = 23.78, SD = 4.06) enrolled at 135 Chinese universities. AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 26.0 as well as the Process macro were utilized for analyzing data and testing the moderated mediation model.

    RESULTS: Findings revealed that social media usage by university students was positively associated with their PWB and SWB through self-esteem and online social support, and cyberbullying played a moderating role in the first phase of the mediation process such that the indirect associations were weak with cyberbullying reaching high levels.

    CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of discerning the mechanisms moderating the mediated paths linking social media usage by young adults to their PWB and SWB. The results also underline the importance of implementing measures and interventions to alleviate the detrimental impacts of cyberbullying on young adults' PWB and SWB.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  10. Lim LL, Abdul Aziz A, Dakin H, Buckell J, Woon YL, Roope L, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2023 Nov;205:110944.
    PMID: 37804999 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110944
    AIMS: We determined 10-year all-cause mortality trends in diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) population in West Malaysia, a middle-income country in the Western-Pacific region.

    METHODS: One million T2D people aged 40-79 registered in the National Diabetes Registry (2009-2018) were linked to death records (censored on 31 December 2019). Standardized absolute mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated relative to the Malaysian general population, and standardized to the 2019 registry population with respect to sex, age group, and disease duration.

    RESULTS: Overall all-cause standardized mortality rates were unchanged in both sexes. Rates increased in males aged 40-49 (annual average percent change [AAPC]: 2.46 % [95 % CI 0.42 %, 4.55 %]) and 50-59 (AAPC: 1.91 % [95 % CI 0.73 %, 3.10 %]), and females aged 40-49 (AAPC: 3.39 % [95 % CI 1.32 %, 5.50 %]). In both sexes, rates increased among those with 1) > 15 years disease duration, 2) prior cardiovascular disease, and 3) Bumiputera (Malay/native) ethnicity. The overall SMR was 1.83 (95 % CI 1.80, 1.86) for males and 1.85 (95 % CI 1.82, 1.89) for females, being higher in younger age groups and showed an increasing trend in those with either > 15 years disease duration or prior cardiovascular disease.

    CONCLUSIONS: Mortality trends worsened in certain T2D population in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  11. Phipps ME, Chan KK, Naidu R, Mohamad NW, Hoh BP, Quek KF, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2015 Jan 31;15:47.
    PMID: 25636170 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1384-3
    BACKGROUND: South East Asia (SEA) is home to over 30 tribes of indigenous population groups who are currently facing rapid socio-economic change. Epidemiological transition and increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) has occured. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Orang Asli (OA) indigenous people comprise 0 · 6% (150,000) of the population and live in various settlements. OA comprise three distinct large tribes with smaller sub-tribes. The three large tribes include Proto-Malay (sub-tribes: Orang Seletar and Jakun), Senoi (sub-tribes: Mahmeri and Semai), and Negrito (sub-tribes: Jehai, Mendriq and Batek).

    METHODS: We studied the health of 636 OA from seven sub-tribes in the Peninsular. Parameters that were assessed included height, weight, BMI and waist circumference whilst blood pressure, cholesterols, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were recorded. We then analysed cardio-metabolic risk factor prevalences and performed multiple pair-wise comparisons among different sub-tribes and socio-economic clusters.

    RESULTS: Cardio-metabolic risk factors were recorded in the seven sub-tribes.. Prevalence for general and abdominal obesity were highest in the urbanized Orang Seletar (31 · 6 ± 5 · 7%; 66 · 1 ± 5 · 9%). Notably, hunter gatherer Jehai and Batek tribes displayed the highest prevalence for hypertension (43 · 8 ± 9 · 29% and 51 · 2 ± 15 · 3%) despite being the leanest and most remote, while the Mendriq sub-tribe, living in the same jungle area with access to similar resources as the Batek were less hypertensive (16.3 ± 11.0%), but displayed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (27.30 ± 13.16%).

    CONCLUSIONS: We describe the cardio-metabolic risk factors of seven indigenous communities in Malaysia. We report variable prevalence of obesity, cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes in the OA in contrast to the larger ethnic majorities such as Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia These differences are likely to be due to socio-economic effects and lifestyle changes. In some sub-tribes, other factors including genetic predisposition may also play a role. It is expected that the cardio-metabolic risk factors may worsen with further urbanization, increase the health burden of these communities and strain the government's resources.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  12. Chua J, Tham YC, Liao J, Zheng Y, Aung T, Wong TY, et al.
    Ophthalmology, 2014 Oct;121(10):2013-22.
    PMID: 24950592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.041
    PURPOSE:
    To determine the ethnic differences in the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in a multi-ethnic Asian population by self-reported ethnicity and genetic ancestry.
    DESIGN:
    Population-based, cross-sectional study.
    PARTICIPANTS:
    A total of 10 033 adults (3353 Chinese, 3280 Malays, and 3400 Indians) aged >40 years.
    METHODS:
    Participants underwent standardized systemic and ocular examinations and interviewer-administered questionnaires for risk factor assessment. The IOP readings were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry (Haag-Streit, Konig, Switzerland) before pupil dilation. The CCT was measured with ultrasound pachymetry. Genetic ancestry was derived using principal component (PC) analysis. Regression models were used to investigate the association of IOP and CCT with potential risk factors and genetic ancestry.
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
    Intraocular pressure and CCT.
    RESULTS:
    After excluding participants with a history of glaucoma surgery or medication, refractive surgery, corneal edema, or corneal dystrophy, IOP and CCT readings were available for 3251 Chinese, 3232 Malays, and 3317 Indians. The mean IOP readings in the Chinese, Malay, and Indian participants were 14.3±3.1, 15.3±3.7, and 15.8±2.9 mmHg, respectively (P Asian population.
    CONCLUSIONS:
    Chinese have the thickest CCT but lowest IOP among the 3 major ethnic groups. In addition, there is a higher proportion of Malays with IOP ≥21 mmHg and CCT <555 μm compared with the Chinese or Indians. This disparity across ethnic groups should be taken into account by future studies investigating IOP and CCT as risk factors or diagnostic tests for glaucoma in Asian populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  13. Azma RZ, Ainoon O, Hafiza A, Azlin I, Noor Farisah AR, Nor Hidayati S, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2014 Apr;36(1):27-32.
    PMID: 24763232 MyJurnal
    Alpha (Α) thalassaemia is the most common inherited disorder in Malaysia. The clinical severity is dependant on the number of Α genes involved. Full blood count (FBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) analysis using either gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) are unable to detect definitively alpha thalassaemia carriers. Definitive diagnosis of Α-thalassaemias requires molecular analysis and methods of detecting both common deletional and non-deletional molecular abnormailities are easily performed in any laboratory involved in molecular diagnostics. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 1623 cases referred to our laboratory in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) for the diagnosis of Α-thalassaemia during the period October 2001 to December 2012. We examined the frequency of different types of alpha gene abnormalities and their haematologic features. Molecular diagnosis was made using a combination of multiplex polymerase reaction (PCR) and real time PCR to detect deletional and non-deletional alpha genes relevant to southeast Asian population. Genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Α-thalassaemias in 736 cases. Majority of the cases were Chinese (53.1%) followed by Malays (44.2%), and Indians (2.7%). The most common gene abnormality was ΑΑ/--(SEA) (64.0%) followed by ΑΑ/-Α(3.7) (19.8%), -Α(3.7) /--(SEA) (6.9%), ΑΑ/ΑΑCS (3.0%), --(SEA)/--(SEA) (1.2%), -Α(3.7)/-Α(3.7) (1.1%), ΑΑ/-Α(4.2) (0.7%), -Α(4.2)/--(SEA (0.7%), -Α(3.7)/-Α(4.2) (0.5%), ΑΑ(CS)/-- SEA) (0.4%), ΑΑ(CS)/ΑΑ(Cd59) (0.4%), ΑΑ(CS)/ΑΑ(CS) (0.4%), -Α(3.7)/ΑΑ(Cd59) (0.3%), ΑΑ/ΑΑ(Cd59) (0.1%), ΑΑ(Cd59)/ ΑΑ(IVS I-1) (0.1%), -Α(3.7)/ΑΑ(CS) (0.1%) and --(SEA) /ΑΑ(Cd59) (0.1%). This data indicates that the molecular abnormalities of Α-thalassaemia in the Malaysian population is heterogenous. Although Α-gene deletion is the most common cause, non-deletional Α-gene abnormalities are not uncommon and at least 3 different mutations exist. Establishment of rapid and easy molecular techniques is important for definitive diagnosis of alpha thalassaemia, an important prerequisite for genetic counselling to prevent its deleterious complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  14. Mindell JA, Sadeh A, Kwon R, Goh DY
    Sleep Med, 2013 Dec;14(12):1283-9.
    PMID: 24269649 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002
    The aim of our study was to characterize cross-cultural sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of preschool children ages 3-6years in multiple predominantly Asian (P-A) and predominantly Caucasian (P-C) countries/regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  15. Wakabayashi H, Wijayanto T, Lee JY, Hashiguchi N, Saat M, Tochihara Y
    PMID: 24490869 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-5
    This study investigated the effect of hydration differences on body fluid and temperature regulation between tropical and temperate indigenes exercising in the heat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  16. Jiang L, Bin Abd Razak HR, Chong HC, Tan A
    J Arthroplasty, 2014 Feb;29(2):304-7.
    PMID: 23891052 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.06.002
    We aim to compare the patient profile and outcomes after TKA between the different racial groups in Singapore. Prospective data were collected from 364 patients who underwent TKA in Singapore General Hospital from January 2006 to May 2010. Patients were stratified according to ethnicity and we compared their preoperative demographic data, Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Oxford Knee (OKS) as well as Knee Society Scores (KSS). Malays were younger (62.0 ± 5.3) at time of surgery (p=0.05) and the body mass index of Chinese (27.9 ± 4.7) was lower than Malay (30.4 ± 5.0) and Indian (31.5 ± 4.5) patients (P<0.005). Malay (40.3 ± 11.0) and Indian (39.2 ± 9.3) patients had less favourable preoperative OKS than Chinese (35.9 ± 7.8) patients (P<0.05). All 3 ethnic groups achieved statistically significant improvements in outcome measures but did not differ significantly between the ethnicities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  17. Ahmadi Hosseini SM, Mohidin N, Abolbashari F, Mohd-Ali B, Santhirathelagan CT
    Int Ophthalmol, 2013 Apr;33(2):139-45.
    PMID: 23138667 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-012-9654-x
    To evaluate corneal thickness and volume in subclinical and clinical keratoconus in Asian population with the aim of discriminating between normal and ectatic cornea. Eyes were placed into one of the following three groups: normal, subclinical, and mild-moderate keratoconus. Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging (Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany) was performed for each participant to record thinnest corneal thickness, central corneal thickness, corneal volume (CV), peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) and percentage thickness increase (PTI) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm. The data were exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Subjects comprised 52 normal, 15 subclinical keratoconus, and 32 mild-moderate clinical keratoconus eyes. Our results indicated that corneal thickness (CT) distribution, PTI, and CV in normal eyes were significantly different compared with subclinical and clinical keratoconus (P < .05). Overall, subclinical group exhibited lower CT distribution and volume, and higher PTI in comparison with normal eyes. However, they showed higher CT distribution and volume, and lower PTI compared with keratoconus group. In addition, there was a smaller change in PCT and PTI from the thinnest point of the cornea to the periphery. The results of the present study indicate that CT parameters and CV were significantly different in normal versus subclinical group and in normal versus keratoconus group. These findings could help clinicians to better discriminate between normal and ectatic cornea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  18. Swami V, Kannan K, Furnham A
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2012 Nov;58(6):568-76.
    PMID: 21821633 DOI: 10.1177/0020764011415208
    Previous studies examining body image from a cross-cultural perspective have tended to neglect samples from different ethnic groups or along a rural-urban continuum. To overcome this limitation, the present study examined positive body image among rural and urban women from three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  19. Mahadeva S, Chan WK, Mohazmi M, Sujarita R, Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011 Nov;26(11):1669-76.
    PMID: 21649731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06806.x
    BACKGROUND AND AIM:
    Outcome measures for clinical trials in dyspepsia require an assessment of symptom response. There is a lack of validated instruments assessing dyspepsia symptoms in the Asian region. We aimed to translate and validate the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (LDQ) in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

    METHODS:
    A Malay and culturally adapted English version of the LDQ were developed according to established protocols. Psychometric evaluation was performed by assessing the validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and responsiveness of the instruments in both primary and secondary care patients.

    RESULTS:
    Between April and September 2010, both Malay (n=166) and Malaysian English (n=154) versions were assessed in primary and secondary care patients. Both language versions were found to be reliable (internal consistency was 0.80 and 0.74 (Cronbach's α) for Malay and English, respectively; spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.98 for both versions), valid (area under receiver operating curve for accuracy of diagnosing dyspepsia was 0.71 and 0.77 for Malay and English versions, respectively), discriminative (median LDQ score discriminated between primary and secondary care patients in Malay (11.0 vs 20.0, P<0.0001) and English (10.0 vs 14.0, P=0.001), and responsive (median LDQ score reduced after treatment in Malay (17.0 to 14.0, P=0.08) and English (18.0 to 11.0, P=0.008) to dyspepsia.

    CONCLUSIONS:
    The Malaysian versions of the LDQ are valid, reliable and responsive instruments for assessing symptoms in a multi-ethnic Asian population with dyspepsia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data*
  20. Bhandary S, Khanna R, Rao KA, Rao LG, Lingam KD, Binu V
    Indian J Ophthalmol, 2010 12 16;59(1):41-5.
    PMID: 21157071
    AIM: Corneal blindness accounts for 3.42% of blindness in Malaysia; the rate of eye donation is low. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness about eye donation and willingness to donate eyes among attendants of patients at various clinics in Melaka, Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was conducted on attendants who accompanied patients (n = 400) visiting various outpatient departments of the General Hospital and two peripheral clinics in Melaka between August and October 2007. The participants answered a questionnaire (Malay and English versions) which included demographic profile, awareness of eye donation, knowledge regarding facts of eye donation, and willingness to donate eyes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed at 5% level of significance.

    RESULTS: Awareness of eye donation was observed in 276 (69%) participants. Multivariate analysis showed that awareness was more among females when compared to males (P = 0.009). Of the 276 participants who were aware of eye donation, only 34.42% were willing to donate eyes. Willingness was more among the Indian race (P = 0.02) and males (P = 0.02). Educational status did not influence the willingness to donate eyes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Although majority of participants were aware of eye donation, willingness to donate eyes was poor.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
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