Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 21 in total

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  1. Fulltext Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in a patient with chronic active hepatitis
    Segasothy M, Jamal F
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):211-2.
    PMID: 7176998
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*
  2. Oral manifestations of microbial diseases
    Singh G, Krishnan S
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Mar;32(3):232-5.
    PMID: 683048
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*
  3. Heavy Trichuris infection and amoebic dysentery in Orang Asli children. A comparison of the two diseases
    Gilman RH, Davis C, Fitzgerald F
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1976;70(4):313-6.
    PMID: 1006759
    Children with heavy Trichuris infestation were compared with paediatric amoebic dysentery patients and normal children. Heavy Trichuris infestation was diagnosed by visualization of worms on anoscopy. Patients with heavy Trichuris infection had a longer duration of disease, more frequent hospitalization and a higher rate of rectal prolapse than did patients with amoebiasis. Five Trichuris children also had clubbing. Trichuris patients had lower mean haematrocrits (27%) and serum albumin (3-3 gm%) than did patients with amoebiasis (32% and 3-7 gm% respectively). Coinfection with Shigella and Salmonella was significantly increased in patients with heavy Trichuris infection compared to both amoebic and control group children. Trichuris patients were infected with Entamoeba histolytica more frequently (46%) than normal children. Heavy Trichuris infection is the probable cause of symptoms and signs seen in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  4. Fulltext Peritonitis complicating acute peritoneal dialysis in Northeast Malaysia
    Kamaliah MD, Roziawati Y
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2000 Sep;31(3):540-6.
    PMID: 11289017
    A prospective observational study examing the incidence, predisposing factors and microbiological aspects of peritonitis complicating acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) was performed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, a referral hospital situated in Northeast Malaysia. Over a 7- month period, a total of 126 acute IPD treatments were included involving 69 patients. The majority of patients suffered from chronic or end stage renal failure (92.7%) and nearly half (47.8%) have underlying diabetes mellitus. Peritonitis occured in 25 treatment sessions giving a frequency of 19.8% of procedures performed. The mean interval between starting dialysis and the first sign of peritonitis was 3.5 days, with 12% of peritonitis occuring before day 3 of treatment. Frequent catheter manipulation and/or leakages were identified as significant predisposing factors for peritonitis and the risk of peritonitis was increased with longer duration of IPD. Gram-negative infections were seen twice more commonly than gram-positive infections. We recommend the use of cloxacillin in combination with either an aminoglycoside or a cephalosporin as empirical antibiotic coverage until culture reports are available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/complications
  5. Childhood non-traumatic coma in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sofiah A, Hussain IH
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 1997 Dec;17(4):327-31.
    PMID: 9578792
    All post-neonatal children with acute non-traumatic coma admitted over an 8-month period were analysed and followed up for 18-24 months to determine the aetiology and outcome of their coma. One hundred and sixteen children, 72 boys and 44 girls, were recruited. Half the children were under 1 year of age and only 16 (14%) were more than 6 years of age. Eighty cases (69%) were due to infection, 15 (13%) to toxic metabolic causes, six (5%) to hypoxic ischaemic insults, four (3.5%) had intracranial haemorrhage, nine (7.8%) were due to miscellaneous causes and in two (1.7%) the cause was unknown. Seven cases were lost to follow-up. Of the remainder, 39 (35.7%) died, 32 (29.3%) developed permanent neurological deficit, and 38 (35%) were discharged well. The outcome was worst in the infectious group. Age of onset and sex did not significantly affect outcome. Our findings are similar to experience in Japan, where infection accounts for 74% of non-traumatic coma, but differ considerably from Western data on childhood coma where only a third of cases are due to infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  6. Vector competence of Malaysian Aedes albopictus with and without Wolbachia to four dengue virus serotypes
    Joanne S, Vythilingam I, Teoh BT, Leong CS, Tan KK, Wong ML, et al.
    Trop Med Int Health, 2017 09;22(9):1154-1165.
    PMID: 28653334 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12918
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility status of Aedes albopictus with and without Wolbachia to the four dengue virus serotypes.

    METHODS: Two newly colonised colonies of Ae. albopictus from the wild were used for the study. One colony was naturally infected with Wolbachia while in the other Wolbachia was removed by tetracycline treatment. Both colonies were orally infected with dengue virus-infected fresh blood meal. Dengue virus load was measured using quantitative RT-PCR at four-time intervals in the salivary glands, midguts and ovaries.

    RESULTS: Wolbachia did not significantly affect Malaysian Ae. albopictus dengue infection or the dissemination rate for all four dengue virus serotypes. Malaysian Ae. albopictus had the highest replication kinetics for DENV-1 and the highest salivary gland and midgut infection rate for DENV-4.

    CONCLUSION: Wolbachia, which naturally exists in Malaysian Ae. albopictus, does not significantly affect dengue virus replication. Malaysian Ae. albopictus is susceptible to dengue virus infections and capable of transmitting dengue virus, especially DENV-1 and DENV-4. Removal of Wolbachia from Malaysian Ae. albopictus would not reduce their susceptibility status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  7. Fulltext Underestimation of co-infections in COVID-19 due to non-discriminatory use of antibiotics
    Chang CY, Chan KG
    J Infect, 2020 Sep;81(3):e29-e30.
    PMID: 32628960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.077
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*
  8. The bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Malaysia
    Jegathesan M, Singh RB, Kanaganayagi M, Soon LE
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):46-56.
    PMID: 799233
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*
  9. Fulltext Mechanisms of Oral Bacterial Virulence Factors in Pancreatic Cancer
    Sun Z, Xiong C, Teh SW, Lim JCW, Kumar S, Thilakavathy K
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2019;9:412.
    PMID: 31867287 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00412
    Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease, and most patients remain asymptomatic until the disease enters advanced stages. There is lack of knowledge in the pathogenesis, effective prevention and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Recently, bacteria were found in pancreatic tissue that has been considered sterile before. The distribution of flora in pancreatic cancer tissue was reported to be different from normal pancreatic tissue. These abnormally distributed bacteria may be the risk factors for inducing pancreatic cancer. Therefore, studies on combined effect of multi-bacterial and multi-virulence factors may add to the knowledge of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and aid in designing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we outlined three oral bacteria associated with pancreatic cancer and their virulence factors linked with cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  10. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Parkinson's disease
    Tan AH, Mahadeva S, Thalha AM, Gibson PR, Kiew CK, Yeat CM, et al.
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2014 May;20(5):535-40.
    PMID: 24637123 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.02.019
    BACKGROUND: Recent studies reported a high prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in Parkinson's disease (PD), and a possible association with gastrointestinal symptoms and worse motor function. We aimed to study the prevalence and the potential impact of SIBO on gastrointestinal symptoms, motor function, and quality of life in a large cohort of PD patients.
    METHODS: 103 Consecutive PD patients were assessed using the lactulose-hydrogen breath test; questionnaires of gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (PDQ-39); the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) including "on"-medication Part III (motor severity) score; and objective and quantitative measures of bradykinesia (Purdue Pegboard and timed test of gait). Patients and evaluating investigators were blind to SIBO status.
    RESULTS: 25.3% of PD patients were SIBO-positive. SIBO-positive patients had a shorter mean duration of PD (5.2 ± 4.1 vs. 8.1 ± 5.5 years, P = 0.007). After adjusting for disease duration, SIBO was significantly associated with lower constipation and tenesmus severity scores, but worse scores across a range of "on"-medication motor assessments (accounting for 4.2-9.0% of the variance in motor scores). There was no association between SIBO and motor fluctuations or PDQ-39 Summary Index scores.
    CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study to date on SIBO in PD. SIBO was detected in one quarter of patients, including patients recently diagnosed with the disease. SIBO was not associated with worse gastrointestinal symptoms, but independently predicted worse motor function. Properly designed treatment trials are needed to confirm a causal link between SIBO and worse motor function in PD.
    KEYWORDS: Gastrointestinal dysfunction; Parkinson's disease/Parkinsonism; Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  11. Fulltext Spinal infection--an overview and the results of treatment
    Razak M, Kamari ZH, Roohi S
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:18-28.
    PMID: 11200039
    A retrospective review of thirty-eight patients (16 males and 22 females) with spinal infection between 1993 and 1998 revealed that the mean age was 39.9 years and the peak incidence was in the 5th decade of life. Infections in thirty-two patients (84.2%) were tuberculous in origin, 13.2% were pyogenic and 2.6% were fungal. Back pain was a symptom in 94.7% while 55.8% had neurological deficits, of which two-thirds were tuberculous in origin. Twenty-two patients (57.9%) had an impaired immune status secondary to pulmonary either tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug abuse, prolonged steroid treatment, malnutrition, or advanced age. History of contact with tuberculous patients was elicited in 31.3%, extraskeletal tuberculosis was found in 28.1%, while Mantoux test was only positive in 53.1% of tuberculous patients. Majority of the cases (57.9%) involved lumbar vertebra. The histopathological examination was only positive in 22.2% from material taken via CT guided biopsy but 93.3% were found to be conclusive from open biopsy. 4 out of 5 patients who had a pyogenic infection were treated conservatively and produced a good result. There was no difference in outcome for tuberculosis patients treated with either the 3 drug or 4 drug regimen. Anterior decompression and bone grafting in tuberculous patients was superior in terms of a faster fusion rate, early pain relief and prevention of kvphotic deformity. The initial neurological deficit did not reflect the future prognosis of patients with spinal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  12. Risk factors for infection in Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Paton NI, Cheong IK, Kong NC, Segasothy M
    QJM, 1996 Jul;89(7):531-8.
    PMID: 8759494 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/89.7.531
    To determine the incidence, types and risk factors for infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 102 patients with definite SLE attending a specialist clinic. Details of major infections (pneumonia or severe infection requiring intravenous therapy) and minor infections, and their time of onset in relation to immunosuppressive therapy and disease flares were recorded. There were 77 major and 163 minor infections during 564 patient-years of follow-up. In the month following a course of pulse methylprednisolone, the incidence of major infection was 20 times higher and the incidence of minor infection was 10 times higher than at other periods (p < 0.0001). In the month after disease flare, the incidence of major infection was 10 times higher and the incidence of minor infection six times higher than at other times (p < 0.0001). After allowing for methylprednisolone therapy and disease flares, there was no increase in the rate of infections during treatment with azathioprine, oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide. There was no effect of renal involvement on infection rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*
  13. Development of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteremia in a patient recovering from cholera
    Riley PA, Parasakthi N, Liam CK
    Clin Infect Dis, 1996 May;22(5):867-8.
    PMID: 8722957
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications*
  14. Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteraemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    Fadzilah MN, Faizatul LJ, Hasibah MS, Sam IC, Bador MK, Gan GG, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2009 Jan;58(Pt 1):142-143.
    PMID: 19074667 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.004622-0
    A 17-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had fever and diarrhoea during a febrile neutropenic episode. A spiral-shaped, Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium was isolated from blood, and confirmed as Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens by 16S rRNA sequencing. The patient responded to imipenem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications*
  15. Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    Lee YY, Annamalai C, Rao SSC
    Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2017 Sep 25;19(11):56.
    PMID: 28948467 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0595-4
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea, typically following an episode of infectious gastroenteritis. The mechanisms that underlie IBS-D remain elusive, but PI-IBS provides a mechanistic model of this disorder. This review provides an up-to-date appraisal of the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management approaches for PI-IBS.

    RECENT FINDINGS: Disordered immune reactions and release of cytokines with resultant gut inflammation and dysfunction appear to be key features of PI-IBS. Disordered brain-gut-microbiota interactions, type of infecting agent, and host-genetic susceptibility are risk factors but also are reasons for the varying spectrum of clinical severity. Although prognosis is generally good, symptoms and inflammation may persist for a long time. Symptomatic relief with antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, 5HT3 antagonists, mesalamine, probiotics, and low-dose antidepressants remain the primary approaches, but in some difficult cases, a combination of drugs that target the pathophysiology may be helpful. PI-IBS has many overlapping features with IBS-D and shares similar pathophysiology and management approaches.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  16. Fulltext Deaths due to Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Sabah, Malaysia: association with reporting as Plasmodium malariae and delayed parenteral artesunate
    Rajahram GS, Barber BE, William T, Menon J, Anstey NM, Yeo TW
    Malar J, 2012;11:284.
    PMID: 22905799 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-284
    The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is recognized as a common cause of severe and fatal human malaria in Sabah, Malaysia, but is morphologically indistinguishable from and still commonly reported as Plasmodium malariae, despite the paucity of this species in Sabah. Since December 2008 Sabah Department of Health has recommended intravenous artesunate and referral to a general hospital for all severe malaria cases of any species. This paper reviews all malaria deaths in Sabah subsequent to the introduction of these measures. Reporting of malaria deaths in Malaysia is mandatory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/complications
  17. Retropharyngeal abscess: recent trends
    Sharma HS, Kurl DN, Hamzah M
    Auris Nasus Larynx, 1998 Dec;25(4):403-6.
    PMID: 9853664
    Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is relatively rare today. A study of 17 cases of RPA treated at our hospital in the past 10 years showed a shift in the disease from children below 6 years of age (41%) to older children and adults (58%). Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was found to be the commonest (52%) aetiological predisposing factor in all age groups. Other aetiological factors were septicaemia (11%) in children below the age of 6 years and trauma due to foreign body (35%) in the older children and adult age groups. Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were the commonest species of microorganisms grown from pus. The changing clinical trends, microbiology, choice of antibiotics, usefulness of radiology, and complications of this potentially fatal illness are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  18. Fulltext Role of prophylactic antibiotics in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding
    Lee YY, Tee HP, Mahadeva S
    World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Feb 21;20(7):1790-6.
    PMID: 24587656 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1790
    Bacterial infections are common in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, occurring in 20% within 48 h. Outcomes including early rebleeding and failure to control bleeding are strongly associated with bacterial infection. However, mortality from variceal bleeding is largely determined by the severity of liver disease. Besides a higher Child-Pugh score, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are particularly susceptible to infections. Despite several hypotheses that include increased use of instruments, greater risk of aspiration pneumonia and higher bacterial translocation, it remains debatable whether variceal bleeding results in infection or vice versa but studies suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopy and up to 8 h is useful in reducing bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Aerobic gram negative bacilli of enteric origin are most commonly isolated from cultures, but more recently, gram positives and quinolone-resistant organisms are increasingly seen, even though their clinical significance is unclear. Fluoroquinolones (including ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) used for short term (7 d) have the most robust evidence and are recommended in most expert guidelines. Short term intravenous cephalosporin (especially ceftriaxone), given in a hospital setting with prevalent quinolone-resistant organisms, has been shown in studies to be beneficial, particularly in high risk patients with advanced cirrhosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  19. Applying the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer risk scoring in predicting outcome of febrile neutropenia patients in a cohort of patients
    Baskaran ND, Gan GG, Adeeba K
    Ann Hematol, 2008 Jul;87(7):563-9.
    PMID: 18437382 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0487-7
    The purpose of this study was to determine if the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk-index score is able to predict the outcome of febrile neutropenia in patients with underlying hematological malignancy and to look at the other possible predictors of outcome. A retrospective study of 116 episodes of febrile neutropenia in patients who were admitted to the hematology ward of a local medical center in Malaysia between January 1st 2004 and January 31st 2005. Patient characteristics and the MASCC score were compared with outcome. The MASCC score predicted the outcome of febrile neutropenic episodes with a positive predictive value of 82.9%, a sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 67%. Other predictors of a favorable outcome were those patients who had lymphomas versus leukemias, duration of neutropenia of less than 7 days, low burden of illness characterized by the absence of an infective focus and absence of lower respiratory tract infection, a serum albumin of >25 g/l, and the absence of gram-negative bacteremia on univariate analysis but only serum albumin level, low burden of illness, and presence of respiratory infection were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome after multivariate analysis. The MASCC score is a useful predictor of outcome in patients with febrile neutropenia with underlying hematological malignancies. This scoring system may be adapted for use in local settings to guide the clinical management of patients with this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
  20. Fulltext Pentaplex PCR assay for detection of hemorrhagic bacteria from stool samples
    Al-Talib H, Latif B, Mohd-Zain Z
    J Clin Microbiol, 2014 Sep;52(9):3244-9.
    PMID: 24958797 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00891-14
    Diarrheal diseases cause illness and death among children younger than 10 years in developing countries. Conventional testing for the detection of hemorrhagic bacteria takes 2 to 5 days to yield complete information on the organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Hence, in the present study, we developed a molecular-based diagnostic assay that identifies common hemorrhagic bacteria in stool samples. A set of specific primers were designed for the detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and Campylobacter spp., suitable for use in a one-tube PCR assay. The assay in the present study simultaneously detected five genes, namely, ompC for the Salmonella genus, virA for the Shigella genus, eaeA for EHEC, 16S rRNA for the Campylobacter genus, and hemA for an internal control. Specific primer pairs were successfully designed and simultaneously amplified the targeted genes. Validation with 20 Gram-negative and 17 Gram-positive strains yielded 100% specificity. The limit of detection of the multiplex PCR assay was 1 × 10(3) CFU at the bacterial cell level and 100 pg at the genomic DNA level. Further evaluation of the multiplex PCR with 223 bacterium-spiked stool specimens revealed 100% sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the developed multiplex PCR assay was rapid, giving results within 4 h, which is essential for the identification of hemorrhagic bacteria, and it might be useful as an additional diagnostic tool whenever time is important in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic bacteria that cause diarrhea. In addition, the presence of an internal control in the multiplex PCR assay is important for excluding false-negative cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications
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