Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 87 in total

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  1. Fulltext Ocular relapse in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report
    Cheong SK, Tan PL
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):132-5.
    PMID: 3869273
    A female Malay patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission for one year developed bilateral visual loss. The ophthalmoscopic appearance showed infiltration of optic nerves and retinae by leukemic cells. At that time, her blood, bone marrow and cerebral spinal fluid remained normal. She had received prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate as part of the treatment programme. It was likely therefore she had a leukemic relapse from a pharmacologic sanctuary in the eyes. She responded to local irradiation but did not regain her sight. Three months later, she had a bone marrow relapse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*
  2. Causes of blindness in Singapore
    Lim KH
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):263-9.
    PMID: 1196175
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*; Blindness/epidemiology
  3. Transient blindness in pregnancy induced hypertension
    Achanna S, Monga D, Sivagnanam
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1994 Mar;20(1):49-52.
    PMID: 8172527
    Sudden blindness in pregnancy is a devastating experience for the patient, her family and the treating obstetrician. Four cases of cortical blindness with pregnancy induced hypertension are presented, seen at the General Hospital Kota Bharu, Kelantan, in 1990. The incidence at the GHKB was 1: 1559 (4 cases out of 6,237 deliveries) which is higher as compared to neighbouring Singapore. The pathophysiology of this condition is still not well understood, though it is hoped that newer sophisticated imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT scan, and blood flow waveform analysis by Doppler ultrasound will throw some light on the subject. Two of our cases presented with antepartum and two with postpartum cortical blindness. Therefore, termination of pregnancy alone may not provide the solution to this therapeutic dilemma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*
  4. Intraocular parasitism
    Rose L
    Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):65-7.
    PMID: 4221425
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*
  5. Fulltext Validity and Reliability of Vis-Screen Application: A Smartphone-Based Distance Vision Testing for Visual Impairment and Blindness Vision Screening
    Abdul Rahman SNA, Naing NN, Othman AM, Mohamad Z, Ibrahim TMM, Hashim SE, et al.
    Medicina (Kaunas), 2023 May 10;59(5).
    PMID: 37241144 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050912
    Background and Objectives: The health-related mobile applications (app) might assist in promoting inclusive health and tele-treatment, especially for the less severe diseases. In this paper, a study had been done to determine the app's reliability in terms of raters and the app's agreement with the Snellen chart. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and September 2020. Participants were selected via purposive sampling from selected communities in Terengganu state. All participants underwent vision testing with the Vis-Screen app and Snellen chart for validity and reliability accordingly. Results: A total of 408 participants were involved, with a mean age of 29.3. The sensitivity of the presenting vision of the right eye (PVR) ranged from 55.6% to 88.4%, with specificity between 94.7% to 99.3%, while the positive and negative predictive values were between 57.9% and 81.7% and 96.8% and 99.0%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios ranged between 16.73 and 73.89, whereas the negative likelihood ratios ranged from 0.12 to 0.45. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for all cut-off points ranged between 0.93 and 0.97, and the optimum cut-off point was at 6/12. The kappa values for intra-rater and inter-rater were 0.85 and 0.75, respectively, while the app's reliability with the Snellen chart was 0.61. Conclusions: Vis-Screen was concluded to be valid and reliable for use as a screening tool for detecting individuals with visual impairment and blindness in the community. A valid and reliable portable vision screener like Vis-Screen will help expand the eye care feasibility while providing similar accuracy as the conventional charts in clinical practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/diagnosis
  6. Causes of childhood blindness in Malaysia: results from a national study of blind school students
    Reddy SC, Tan BC
    Int Ophthalmol, 2001;24(1):53-9.
    PMID: 11998890
    A national study was conducted in children attending six schools for the blind in Malaysia to identify the anatomical site and underlying causes of blindness (BL) and severe visual impairment (SVI), with a view to determine the potentially preventable and treatable causes so that appropriate control measures can be implemented in the future. The standardized clinical examination of eyes was performed and the findings were recorded on the WHO Prevention of Blindness Programme eye examination record form for children with blindness and low vision. A total of 358 children aged between 7 and 17 years were examined, of whom 332 (92.7%) were blind or severely visually impaired. The results relate to these 332 children. Lens was the major anatomical site (22.3%) of visual loss followed by retina (20.8%), whole globe (17.2%), cornea (15.1%), optic nerve (8.7%) and uvea (5.1%). Glaucoma was responsible for BL/SVI in 7.2% and others in 3.6% of cases. Hereditary diseases were responsible for visual loss in 29.5%, intrauterine factors in 4.5%, perinatal factors in 9% and childhood factors in 7.8% of cases. However, the aetiology was unknown in 49.1% of cases which included congenital anomalies of the globe. Childhood cataract and corneal scarring are major treatable causes of BL/SVI that can benefit from future intervention strategies. Perinatal screening for intrauterine factors and hereditary eye diseases, and appropriate interventional therapy will help in reducing the prevalence of childhood blindness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*; Blindness/epidemiology*; Blindness/prevention & control
  7. Fulltext Cortical Blindness In Fat Embolism Syndrome Following Fracture Manipulative Procedure
    Shahrulazua, A., Ariff, M.S., Aziz, M.A.
    Malays Orthop J, 2010;4(1):35-38.
    MyJurnal
    Fat embolism syndrome is a well-recognised sequela of long bone trauma as well as intramedullary orthopaedic procedures. However, it has rarely been described following manipulation, reduction of fracture, and application of external fixator. Furthermore, bilateral ocular blindness is seldom the first manifestation; instead respiratory and other cerebral symptoms being most common. We describe a case with this rare presentation in a patient who underwent a trial of closed reduction, then open reduction of a femur fracture, followed by external fixation performed at day 47 post-initial trauma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness
  8. Fulltext Molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, general preventive strategies, and novel therapeutic targets
    Safi SZ, Qvist R, Kumar S, Batumalaie K, Ismail IS
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:801269.
    PMID: 25105142 DOI: 10.1155/2014/801269
    The growing number of people with diabetes worldwide suggests that diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) will continue to be sight threatening factors. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is a widespread cause of visual impairment in the world and a range of hyperglycemia-linked pathways have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this condition. Despite understanding the polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (KPC) isoforms, increased hexosamine pathway flux, and increased advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, pathogenic mechanisms underlying diabetes induced vision loss are not fully understood. The purpose of this paper is to review molecular mechanisms that regulate cell survival and apoptosis of retinal cells and discuss new and exciting therapeutic targets with comparison to the old and inefficient preventive strategies. This review highlights the recent advancements in understanding hyperglycemia-induced biochemical and molecular alterations, systemic metabolic factors, and aberrant activation of signaling cascades that ultimately lead to activation of a number of transcription factors causing functional and structural damage to retinal cells. It also reviews the established interventions and emerging molecular targets to avert diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology; Blindness/metabolism; Blindness/pathology; Blindness/prevention & control
  9. Design of a Braille Learning Application for Visually Impaired Students in Bangladesh
    Nahar L, Jaafar A, Ahamed E, Kaish AB
    Assist Technol, 2015;27(3):172-82.
    PMID: 26427745 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2015.1011758
    Visually impaired students (VIS) are unable to get visual information, which has made their learning process complicated. This paper discusses the overall situation of VIS in Bangladesh and identifies major challenges that they are facing in getting education. The Braille system is followed to educate blind students in Bangladesh. However, lack of Braille based educational resources and technological solutions have made the learning process lengthy and complicated for VIS. As a developing country, Bangladesh cannot afford for the costly Braille related technological tools for VIS. Therefore, a mobile phone based Braille application, "mBRAILLE", for Android platform is designed to provide an easy Braille learning technology for VIS in Bangladesh. The proposed design is evaluated by experts in assistive technology for students with disabilities, and advanced learners of Braille. The application aims to provide a Bangla and English Braille learning platform for VIS. In this paper, we depict iterative (participatory) design of the application along with a preliminary evaluation with 5 blind subjects, and 1 sighted and 2 blind experts. The results show that the design scored an overall satisfaction level of 4.53 out of 5 by all respondents, indicating that our design is ready for the next step of development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/rehabilitation
  10. Fulltext Blindness and visual impairment amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor, Selangor
    Zainal M, Masran L, Ropilah AR
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):46-50.
    PMID: 10968137
    A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness and its causes amongst the adult rural Malay population in the district of Kuala Selangor, Selangor. By simple random sampling 330 samples were selected for the study. All samples underwent complete ophthalmological examination. The crude prevalence of visual impairment and blindness were 0.7% and 5.6% respectively. Age was the most important factor associated with the prevalence; gender, level of education and level of income was not significantly related. Cataract was the commonest cause of visual impairment and blindness while diabetic retinopathy was the second important cause.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/epidemiology*
  11. Autokeratoplasty in a developing country
    Shriwas SR, Reddy TN
    Trop Doct, 1993 Oct;23(4):168-9.
    PMID: 8273161
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/surgery*
  12. Anthropometric and physiological profiles of active blind Malaysian males
    Singh R, Singh HJ
    J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 1993 Dec;33(4):378-82.
    PMID: 8035586
    Cardiopulmonary capacities of twelve adults (aged between 14 to 44 years) with varying degrees of blindness engaged in regular recreational activities were compared with twelve age-matched normal sighted healthy males (control group) who were also involved in regular recreational activities. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured directly during exhaustive exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Forced vital capacity, leg strength and power were determined by spirometry, standing long jump and vertical jump respectively. No significant differences in VO2max, forced vital capacity and leg strength and power were observed between the blind and the control groups. No anthropometric differences were evident between the two groups. The results show therefore that the visually handicapped who are active can have a similar level of physical fitness, lung function and explosive leg strength as those of their active sighted counterparts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/physiopathology*
  13. Transient blindness in pregnancy induced hypertension
    Nalliah S, Thavarashah AS
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989 Jul;29(3):249-51.
    PMID: 2569423
    Transient blindness associated with pregnancy induced hypertension without neurological symptoms is a rare phenomenon. The blindness in these cases is postulated to be of "cortical blindness". Two such cases occurring immediately after childbirth are presented. The ophthalmic manifestations of this complication of pregnancy induced hypertension and the importance of an urgent evaluation are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*
  14. The binding lesions of leprosy
    Hobbs HE, Choyce DP
    Lepr Rev, 1971 Jun;42(2):131-7.
    PMID: 5150031
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology*
  15. Fulltext Factors Influencing Visual Improvement after Phacoemulsification Surgery among Malaysian Cataract Patients
    Sa'at N, Ghazali AK, Yaacob NM, Salowi MA
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 13;19(18).
    PMID: 36141761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811485
    Blindness and visual impairment are part of the global burden of eye disease, with cataract being one of the leading causes of blindness. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting visual acuity (VA) improvement among cataract patients after phacoemulsification surgery in Malaysia. Cataract patients aged over 18 who underwent phacoemulsification surgery between January 2014 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients' sociodemographic, comorbidities, surgical, and related complication factors were extracted from the National Eye Database. The outcome was measured by the difference in visual acuity before and after the operation and was categorized as "improved", "no change", and "worse". A total of 180,776 patients were included in the final analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed "no changes in VA" was significantly higher in patients aged less than 40 years old (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.26), patients with ocular comorbidities (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.53, 1.77), patients who had undergone surgery lasting more than 60 min (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.69), patients who had surgery without an intraocular lens (IOL) (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.26), and patients with postoperative complications (OR: 8.76; 95% CI: 8.13, 9.45). Worsening VA was significantly higher among male patients (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22), patients who had ocular comorbidities (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.59, 1.96), patients who had undergone surgery lasting more than 60 min (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.57, 2.41), patients who had surgery without an IOL (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.80), and patients with postoperative complications (OR: 21.46; 95% CI: 19.35, 23.80). The factors impacting "no changes" in and "worsening" of VA after cataract surgery were the following: older age, male gender, ethnicity, ocular comorbidities, surgeon grade, absence of IOL, intraoperative complication, and postoperative problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology
  16. Fulltext Diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive update on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experimental models
    Sadikan MZ, Abdul Nasir NA, Lambuk L, Mohamud R, Reshidan NH, Low E, et al.
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2023 Oct 19;23(1):421.
    PMID: 37858128 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03155-1
    Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). Globally, DR prevalence among DM patients is 25%, and 6% have vision-threatening problems among them. With the higher incidence of DM globally, more DR cases are expected to be seen in the future. In order to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanism of DR in humans and discover potential novel substances for the treatment of DR, investigations are typically conducted using various experimental models. Among the experimental models, in vivo models have contributed significantly to understanding DR pathogenesis. There are several types of in vivo models for DR research, which include chemical-induced, surgical-induced, diet-induced, and genetic models. Similarly, for the in vitro models, there are several cell types that are utilised in DR research, such as retinal endothelial cells, Müller cells, and glial cells. With the advancement of DR research, it is essential to have a comprehensive update on the various experimental models utilised to mimic DR environment. This review provides the update on the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models used in DR research, focusing on their features, advantages, and limitations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology
  17. Fulltext Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: The Clinical Spectrum and Management of Case Series in a Tertiary Eye Centre in Northern Part Of Malaysia
    Hasan AN, Mustapha M, Wan HAHW
    Cesk Slov Oftalmol, 2024;80(Ahead of print):1-5.
    PMID: 38413229 DOI: 10.31348/2024/1
    AIMS: We present the clinical spectrum, the initial clinical presentation with management trends in treating 14 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease cases in a tertiary center in the Northern part of Malaysia.

    CASE SERIES: There were 14 cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease retrospectively reviewed over five years (from 2015 to 2020). The mean age at presentation was 37.7 years (range 21-64 years), with female predominance (85.7%). All cases presented with acute uveitic stage and bilateral eye involvement. Of them, 11 (78.6%) were probable VKH, and three (21.4%) were incomplete VKH. All patients attended with acute panuveitis at first presentation. The main posterior segment involvement was disc edema in 57.1% (16 out of 28 eyes) and exudative retinal detachment (ERD) in 35.7% (10 out of 28 eyes). Most of them presented with blindness (3/60 and worse) and moderate visual impair- ment (6/18-6/60); 35.71% each, followed by mild visual impairment (6/12-6/18), and severe visual impairment (6/60-3/60); 7.1% each. Ten patients (71.4%) required combination second-line immunomodulatory treatment during subsequent visits, and only four patients (28.6%) responded well to corticosteroid therapy. Most of the cases achieved no visual impairment (64.3%), followed by mild visual impairment (21.4%) and moderate visual impairment (14.3%), and none were severe or blind at the end of follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: VKH is a potentially blinding illness if there is inadequate control of the disease in the acute stage. Most of our patients achieved good visual outcomes with early immunomodulatory treatment and systemic corticosteroids.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/drug therapy
  18. Fulltext The Kuala Pilah cluster cataract study: Accessible eye care reduces cataract blindness
    Nur Hanis Y, Raman P, Premala Devi S, Mohd Khalid KH
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):296-299.
    PMID: 31424036
    OBJECTIVE: The Ministry of Health introduced the cluster hospital project in Kuala Pilah district in 2016 to allow sharing of resources between the hospitals in the same vicinity. The aim of this study is to compare the demographic profile, prevalence of cataract blindness and low vision among patients who presented for cataract surgery before and after the programme.

    METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent cataract surgery in Kuala Pilah Cluster Hospitals between 2010 and 2017. A total of 2539 records of patients were reviewed. Patients were assigned into two groups: Group 1 (2010-2012)- before the programme (2010-2012) and Group 2 (2015-2017) after the introduction of the programme.

    RESULTS: There was a significant increase in number of cataract cases in the district hospital after the cluster initiative. The mean age of patients undergoing cataract surgery was similar in both groups. The common comorbidities were hypertension (Group 1=57.3%; Group 2=70.8%) and diabetes mellitus (Group 1=40.6%; Group 2=51.1%). In 2010-2012, most of the patients were one eye blind (34.4%), whereas in 2015-2017 majority of patients presented with vision better than 6/18 (43.5%). The proportion of patients with cataract blindness reduced from 6% in 2010-2012 to 4.3% in 2015-2017 (p<0.01).

    CONCLUSION: There is a significant decrease in percentage of patients with cataract blindness and low vision after the introduction of Kuala Pilah Cluster Hospital Program. We believe that that cluster hospital system is effective in improving accessibility to eye care and therefore increases the cataract detection rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/etiology; Blindness/epidemiology; Blindness/prevention & control*
  19. Fulltext Sudden visual loss in acute leukaemia
    Tengku Kamalden, T.A., Nurliza, K., Haris, A.R.
    JUMMEC, 2008;11(1):30-32.
    MyJurnal
    The presenting signs of acute leukaemia occur as a result of bone marrow failure and organ infiltration. Increased bleeding tendencies are seen on the skin, gums and mucosal lining. Bleeding in the posterior segment of the eye, namely the retina and vitreous, may occur, but do not usually cause any visual disturbances. This case demonstrates visual loss as a result of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage in acute leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness
  20. Fulltext Chemotherapy related optic neuritis
    Nur, A.S., Jemaima, C.H., Fuad Ismail, Safinaz, M.K.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):133-136.
    MyJurnal
    In children, most cases of optic neuritis are immune-related. Less frequently, it may also be due to
    demyelinating disorders. Other secondary causes such as infection of adjacent structures or infiltration are
    even rarer. The occurrence of optic neuritis in children on chemotherapy also has not being extensively
    reported. We report a case of bilateral optic neuritis in a young girl with subacute visual loss after receiving
    systemic chemotherapy for embryonal ovarian carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness
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