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Fulltext Body mass, mercury exposure, biochemistry and untargeted metabolomics of incubating common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in three Baltic colonies

Ma NL, Hansen M, Roland Therkildsen O, Kjær Christensen T, Skjold Tjørnløv R, Garbus SE, et al.

Environ Int, 2020 09;142:105866.
PMID: 32590281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105866

The Baltic/Wadden Sea Flyway of common eiders has declined over the past three decades. Multiple factors such as contaminant exposure, global warming, hunting, white-tailed eagle predation, decreased agricultural eutrophication and infectious diseases have been suggested to explain the decline. We collected information on body mass, mercury (Hg) concentration, biochemistry and untargeted metabolomics of incubating birds in two colonies in the Danish Straits (Hov Røn, n = 100; Agersø, n = 29) and in one colony in the Baltic proper (Christiansø, n = 23) to look into their metabolisms and energy balance. Body mass was available from early and late incubation for Hov Røn and Christiansø, showing a significant decline (25-30%) in both colonies with late body mass at Christiansø being the lowest. Whole blood concentrations of total mercury Hg were significantly higher in birds at Christiansø in the east compared to Hov Røn in the west. All birds in the three colonies had Hg concentrations in the range of ≤1.0 μg/g ww, which indicates that the risk of effects on reproduction is in the no to low risk category for wild birds. Among the biochemical measures, glucose, fructosamine, amylase, albumin and protein decreased significantly from early to late incubation at Hov Røn and Christiansø, reflecting long-term fastening as supported by the decline in body mass. Untargeted metabolomics performed on Christiansø eiders revealed presence of 8,433 plasma metabolites. Of these, 3,179 metabolites changed significantly (log2-fold change ≥1, p ≤ 0.05) from the early to late incubation. For example, smaller peptides and vitamin B2 (riboflavin) were significantly down-regulated while 11-deoxycorticosterone and palmitoylcarnitine were significantly upregulated. These results show that cumulative stress including fasting during incubation affect the eiders' biochemical profile and energy metabolism and that this may be most pronounced for the Christiansø colony in the Baltic proper. This amplify the events of temperature increases and food web changes caused by global warming that eventually accelerate the loss in body weight. Future studies should examine the relationship between body condition, temperature and reproductive outcomes and include mapping of food web contaminant, energy and nutrient content to better understand, manage and conserve the populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Unlocking the molecular modifications of plasma-activated water-induced oxidation through redox proteomics: In the case of duck myofibrillar protein (Anas platyrhynchos)

Rao W, Ju S, Sun Y, Xia Q, Zhou C, He J, et al.

Food Chem, 2024 Nov 15;458:140173.
PMID: 38943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140173

Plasma-activated water (PAW) contains multiple active species that alter the structure of myofibrillar protein (MP) to enhance their gel properties. This work investigated the impact of PAW on the oxidation of cysteine in MP by label-free quantitative proteomics. PAW treatment caused the oxidation of 8241 cysteine sites on 2815 proteins, and structural proteins such as nebulin, myosin XVIIIB, myosin XVIIIA, and myosin heavy chain were susceptible to oxidation by PAW. Bioinformatics analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, subcellular localization, and STRING analysis, indicated that these proteins with differential oxidation sites were mainly derived from the cytoplasm and membrane, and were involved in multiple GO terms and KEGG pathways. This is one of the first reports of the redox proteomic changes induced by PAW treatment, and the results are useful for understanding the possible mechanism of PAW-induced oxidation of MP.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
The effect on duckling of a diet containing moulded-soybeans

Chong YH, Ponnampalam JT

Med J Malaya, 1967 Dec;22(2):104-9.
PMID: 4231974
Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Fulltext Lead concentrations in blood from incubating common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea

Lam SS, McPartland M, Noori B, Garbus SE, Lierhagen S, Lyngs P, et al.

Environ Int, 2020 04;137:105582.
PMID: 32086081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105582

Here we investigate if lead may be a contributing factor to the observed population decline in a Baltic colony of incubating eiders (Somateria mollissima). Body mass and blood samples were obtained from 50 incubating female eiders at the Baltic breeding colony on Christiansø during spring 2017 (n = 27) and 2018 (n = 23). All the females were sampled twice during early (day 4) and late (day 24) incubation. The full blood was analysed for lead to investigate if the concentrations exceeded toxic thresholds or changed over the incubation period due to remobilisation from bones and liver tissue. Body mass, hatch date and number of chicks were also analysed with respect to lead concentrations. The body mass (mean ± SD g) increased significantly in the order: day 24 in 2018 (1561 ± 154 g)

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Contribution of process-induced molten-globule state formation in duck liver protein to the enhanced binding ability of (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal

Han C, Zheng Y, Wang L, Zhou C, Wang J, He J, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2023 May;103(7):3334-3345.
PMID: 36786016 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12499

BACKGROUND: Extracted proteins of alternative animal origin tend to present strong off-flavor perception due to physicochemical interactions of coextracted off-flavor compounds with proteins. To investigate the relationship between absorption behaviors of volatile aromas and the processes-induced variations in protein microstructures and molecular conformations, duck liver protein isolate (DLp) was subjected to heating (65/100 °C, 15 min) and ultra-high pressure (UHP, 100-500 MPa/10 min, 28 °C) treatments to obtain differential unfolded protein states.
RESULTS: Heat and UHP treatments induced the unfolding of DLp to varied degrees, as revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption, circular dichroism spectra and surface hydrophobicity measurements. Two types of heating-denatured states with varied unfolding degrees were obtained, while UHP at both levels of 100/500 MPa caused partial unfolding of DLp and the presence of a molten-globule state, which significantly enhanced the binding affinity between DLp and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal. In particular, significantly modified secondary structures of DLp were observed in heating-denatured samples. Excessive denaturing and unfolding degrees resulted in no significant changes in the absorption behavior of the volatile ligand, as characterized by observations of fluorescence quenching and analysis of headspace concentrations.
CONCLUSION: Defining process-induced conformational transition behavior of matrix proteins could be a promising strategy to regulate food flavor attributes and, particularly, to produce DLp coextracted with limited off-flavor components by modifying their interaction during extraction processes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Effects of limited enzymatic hydrolysis and polysaccharide addition on the physicochemical properties of emulsions stabilized with duck myofibrillar protein under low-salt conditions

He S, Li M, Sun Y, Pan D, Zhou C, Lan H

Food Chem, 2024 Jan 01;430:137053.
PMID: 37549626 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137053

This study aimed to investigate the role of hydrolysis and guar gum (GG) participation on the emulsification of the duck myofibrillar protein (MP) and the related stability of oil-in-water emulsion in low-salt condition. Emulsions were prepared using one of each or both treatments, and that prepared with trypsin hydrolysis and GG (T-GG) exhibited the highest stability. FTIR analysis confirmed the hydrogen bond interactions between the system components. T-GG treatment improved emulsion properties and decreased oil droplet size. Moreover, CLSM indicated that aggregation of T-GG oil droplets was prevented. Physical stability was assessed such as Turbiscan stability index, creaming index, and rheological properties. The adsorbed percentage for T-GG was the lowest. However, interfacial tension, droplet size, stability, and peroxide value analyses indicated that a denser interfacial membrane structure is formed with T-GG. Thus, T-GG treatment could be applied in the food industry, such as in nutrient delivery systems and fat mimetics.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Fulltext Thermal gelation properties and quality characteristics of duck surimi-like material (duckrimi) as affected by the selected washing processes

Ng, X.Y., Huda, N.

International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):731-740.
MyJurnal

The effects of washing treatments and washing cycles on the thermal gelation properties and quality
characteristics of duckrimi (duck-base surimi-like material) were evaluated. Minced spent layer duck (4.5 mm orifice diameter) were washed by using either tap water, 0.1M NaCl, 0.5% NaHCO3 and 0.04M sodium phosphate in one, two or three washing cycles, respectively. Washing with 0.04M sodium phosphate in three washing cycles significantly increased (P

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Comparison of physicochemical and functional properties of duck feet and bovine gelatins

Kuan YH, Nafchi AM, Huda N, Ariffin F, Karim AA

J Sci Food Agric, 2017 Mar;97(5):1663-1671.
PMID: 27465360 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7970

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that duck feet are a rich source of gelatin extractable from avian sources. In this study, the physicochemical and functional properties of avian gelatin extracted from duck feet (DFG) with acetic acid were compared with those of commercial bovine gelatin (BG).
RESULTS: The yield of DFG obtained in this study was 7.01 ± 0.31%. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that the imino acid content was slightly lower for DFG compared with BG (P < 0.05). Differences in molecular size and amino acids between DFG and BG were also observed. The isoelectric points of DFG and BG were at pH 8 and 5 respectively, and the overall protein solubility of BG was higher than that of DFG. Gels prepared from BG exhibited higher bloom strength, viscosity and clarity and were darker in colour compared with DFG gels (P < 0.05). The gelling and melting points of BG were 21.8 and 29.47 °C respectively, while those of DFG were 20.5 and 27.8 °C respectively. BG exhibited slightly better emulsifying and foaming properties compared with DFG.
CONCLUSION: Although some differences between DFG and BG were observed, the disparities were small, which indicates that DFG could be exploited commercially as an alternative source of gelatin. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks*
Fulltext A novel goose-origin Tembusu virus exhibits pathogenicity in day-old chicks with evidence of direct contact transmission

Liu M, Chen YY, Twu NC, Wu MC, Fang ZS, Dubruel A, et al.

Poult Sci, 2024 Feb;103(2):103332.
PMID: 38128459 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103332

In late 2020, an outbreak of Tembusu virus (TMUV)-associated disease occurred in a 45-day-old white Roman geese flock in Taiwan. Here, we present the identification and isolation of a novel goose-origin TMUV strain designated as NTU/C225/2020. The virus was successfully isolated using minimal-pathogen-free duck embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene showed that NTU/C225/2020 clustered together with the earliest isolates from Malaysia and was most closely related to the first Taiwanese TMUV strain, TP1906. Genomic analysis revealed significant amino acid variations among TMUV isolates in NS1 and NS2A protein regions. In the present study, we characterized the NTU/C225/2020 culture in duck embryos, chicken embryos, primary duck embryonated fibroblasts, and DF-1 cells. All host systems were susceptible to NTU/C225/2020 infection, with observable lesions. In addition, animal experiments showed that the intramuscular inoculation of NTU/C225/2020 resulted in growth retardation and hyperthermia in day-old chicks. Gross lesions in the infected chicks included hepatomegaly, hyperemic thymus, and splenomegaly. Viral loads and histopathological damage were displayed in various tissues of both inoculated and naïve co-housed chicks, confirming the direct chick-to-chick contact transmission of TMUV. This is the first in vivo study of a local TMUV strain in Taiwan. Our findings provide essential information for TMUV propagation and suggest a potential risk of disease outbreak in chicken populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
A novel Tembusu virus isolated from goslings in China form a new subgenotype 2.1.1

Zhu Y, Hu Z, Lv X, Huang R, Gu X, Zhang C, et al.

Transbound Emerg Dis, 2022 Jul;69(4):1782-1793.
PMID: 33993639 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14155

Since 2010, several duck Tembusu viruses (DTMUVs) have been isolated from infected ducks in China, and these virus strains have undergone extensive variation over the years. Although the infection rate is high, the mortality rate is usually relatively low-~5%-30%; however, since fall 2019, an infectious disease similar to DTMUV infection but with a high mortality rate of ~50% in goslings has been prevalent in Anhui Province, China. The present study identified a new Tembusu virus, designated DTMUV/Goose/China/2019/AQ-19 (AQ-19), that is believed to be responsible for the noticeably high mortality in goslings. To investigate the genetic variation of this strain, its entire genome was sequenced and analysed for specific variations, and goslings and mice were challenged with the isolated virus to investigate its pathogenicity. The AQ-19 genome shared only 94.3%-96.9% and 90.9% nucleotide identity with other Chinese and Malaysian DTMUVs, respectively; however, AQ-19 has high homology with Thailand DTMUVs (97.2%-98.1% nucleotide identity). Phylogenetic analysis of the E gene revealed that AQ-19 and most of Thailand DTMUVs form a branch separate from any of the previously reported DTMUV strains in China. After the challenge, some goslings and mice showed typical clinical signs of DTMUV, particularly severe neurological dysfunction. AQ-19 has high virulence in goslings and mice, resulting in 60% and 70% mortality through intramuscular and intracerebral routes, respectively. Pathological examination revealed severe histological lesions in the brain and liver of the infected goslings and mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated the emergence of a novel Tembusu virus with high virulence circulating in goslings in China for the first time, and our findings highlight the high genetic diversity of DTMUVs in China. Further study of the pathogenicity and host range of this novel Tembusu virus is particularly important.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and RAPD typing of Campylobacter species isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia

Adzitey F, Rusul G, Huda N, Cogan T, Corry J

Int J Food Microbiol, 2012 Mar 15;154(3):197-205.
PMID: 22285201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.01.006

We report for the first time on the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and RAPD types of Campylobacter species in ducks and duck related environmental samples in Malaysia. Samples were examined by enrichment in Bolton Broth followed by plating onto modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and/or plating directly onto mCCDA. A total of 643 samples were screened, and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in samples from different sources ranged from 0% to 85%. The method of isolation had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the isolation rate. One hundred and sixteen Campylobacter isolates, comprising of 94 Campylobacter jejuni, 19 Campylobacter coli and three Campylobacter lari, were examined for their sensitivity to 13 antibiotics. Majority of the C. jejuni isolates were resistant to cephalothin (99%), tetracycline (96%), suphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (96%), and very few were resistant to gentamicin (5%), chloramphenicol (7%) and erythromycin (1%). All C. coli isolates were resistant to cephalothin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and tetracycline but susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and gentamicin. The three C. lari isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except chloramphenicol and gentamicin (1/3 and 2/3 susceptible, respectively). Genetic diversity of Campylobacter isolates were determined using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). C. jejuni and C. coli isolates belong to fifty-eight and twelve RAPD types, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks/genetics*; Ducks/microbiology
An updated review of avian-origin Tembusu virus: a newly emerging avian Flavivirus

Zhang W, Chen S, Mahalingam S, Wang M, Cheng A

J Gen Virol, 2017 Oct;98(10):2413-2420.
PMID: 28874226 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000908

Tembusu virus (TMUV, genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) was first isolated in 1955 from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In April 2010, duck TMUV was first identified as the causative agent of egg-drop syndrome, characterized by a substantial decrease in egg laying and depression, growth retardation and neurological signs or death in infected egg-laying and breeder ducks, in the People's Republic of China. Since 2010, duck TMUV has spread to most of the duck-producing regions in China, including many of the coastal provinces, neighbouring regions and certain Southeast Asia areas (i.e. Thailand and Malaysia). This review describes the current understanding of the genome characteristics, host range, transmission, epidemiology, phylogenetic and immune evasion of avian-origin TMUV and the innate immune response of the host.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks/immunology; Ducks/virology*
Fulltext Effect of number and washing solutions on functional properties of surimi-like material from duck meat

Ramadhan K, Huda N, Ahmad R

J Food Sci Technol, 2014 Feb;51(2):256-66.
PMID: 24493882 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0510-1

Duck meat is less utilized than other meats in processed products because of limitations of its functional properties, including lower water holding capacity, emulsion stability, and higher cooking loss compared with chicken meat. These limitations could be improved using surimi technology, which consists of washing and concentrating myofibrillar protein. In this study, surimi-like materials were made from duck meat using two or three washings with different solutions (tap water, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium phosphate buffer). Better improvement of the meat's functional properties was obtained with three washings versus two washings. Washing with tap water achieved the highest gel strength; moderate elevation of water holding capacity, pH, lightness, and whiteness; and left a small amount of fat. Washing with sodium bicarbonate solution generated the highest water holding capacity and pH and high lightness and whiteness values, but it resulted in the lowest gel strength. Processing duck meat into surimi-like material improves its functional properties, thereby making it possible to use duck meat in processed products.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
The effects of tapioca, wheat, sago and potato flours on the physicochemical and sensory properties of duck sausage

Muthia, D., Nurul, H., Noryati, I.

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(4):877-884.
MyJurnal

This study evaluated the effects of different flours (tapioca, wheat, sago and potato) on the physicochemical properties of duck sausage. The examined physicochemical properties included proximate composition, cooking yield, color (lightness, redness and yellowness), folding, texture profile (hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) and sensory properties. The study found that different flours have no effect on the cooking yield of duck sausage. The tapioca formulation showed a mid-range lightness value, folding score and textural properties. Duck sausages made with wheat flour had higher protein content and lightness value and a harder texture. Sausages made with potato flour had a darker color, the lowest folding scores and a softer texture. The addition of sago flour resulted in a higher folding score, greater elasticity and increased overall acceptability of sausage due to higher scores for texture and juiciness. These results show that the properties of duck sausage are influenced by the type of flour used.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Fulltext The effects of egg white powder addition with tapioca and sago flours on physicochemical and sensory properties of duck sausage

Muthia, D., Huda, N., Ismail, N., Easa, A.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1415-1421.
MyJurnal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using tapioca and sago flours with or without egg white powder (EWP) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of duck sausages. There was significant increase (P0.05) in hardness and cohesiveness attributes among all the samples examined but significant differences (P

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Fulltext Effect of duck feet collagen addition on physicochemical properties of surimi

Huda, N., Seow, E.K., Normawati, M. N., Nik Aisyah, N. M., Fazilah, A., Easa, A.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):537-544.
MyJurnal

Duck feet collagen was added to threadfin bream and sardine surimi to study its effect on physicochemical properties such as folding test, gel strength, cook loss, water holding capacity, expressible moisture, texture profile analysis and colour measurement. As compared to commercial fish scale collagen and cow collagen, the addition of duck feet collagen resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of the sardine surimi. Duck feet collagen was able to improve the folding test score of sardine surimi from 3.00 to 5.00; gel strength was increased from 275.70 g.mm to 2682.70 g.mm and hardness of gel was increased from 1.12kg to 6.00kg. Addition of duck feet collagen improved the gel strength of threadfin bream surimi from 1696.70 g.mm to 5579.40 g.mm and hardness of gel was increased from 4.55kg to 10.32kg. Colour of threadfin bream and sardine surimi also improve with the addition of duck feet collagen. The lightness was increased from 66.47 to 66.89 (threadfin bream) and from 62.32 to 63.60 for sardine. The results suggest that duck feet collagen has potential as an alternative source of protein additive for the improvement of the physicochemical properties of low grade surimi.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Life cycle of Catatropis indica Srivastava, 1935 (Trematoda: Notocotylidae)

Rohde K, Onn LF

Z Parasitenkd, 1967;29(2):137-48.
PMID: 5601175
Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Fulltext Genotyping of Salmonella strains isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia, using RAPD

Adzitey F, Ali GR, Huda N, Ahmad R

3 Biotech, 2013 Dec;3(6):521-527.
PMID: 28324423 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0115-7

Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens that can cause illness and death in humans. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of 115 Salmonella strains isolated from ducks and their environment using random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD). The analysis of Salmonella strains by RAPD produced DNA fingerprints of different sizes for differentiation purposes, and cluster analysis at a coefficient of 0.85 grouped the Salmonella strains into various clusters and singletons. S. Typhimurium were grouped into nine clusters and ten singletons, S. Hadar were grouped into seven clusters and nine singletons, S. Enteritidis were grouped into four clusters and five singletons, S. Braenderup were grouped into five clusters and four singletons, S. Albany were grouped into two clusters and seven singletons, and S. Derby were grouped into two clusters and four singletons at a coefficient of 0.85 with discriminatory index (D) ranging from 0.879 to 0.957. With the exception of S. Typhimurium strains which were grouped into three major groups (genotypes) by RAPD analysis, the rest were grouped into two major genotypes. RAPD was a useful genotyping tool for determining the genetic relatedness of the duck Salmonella strains. Comparison of the genetic relatedness among foodborne pathogens and their sources of isolation are important to trace their source and possibly the source of human infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Ducks
Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in ducks in Malaysia

Shah-Majid M, Azlina AM, Ana Maria AR, Zaharah B, Norhaliza AH

Vet Rec, 2004 Nov 20;155(21):680-1.
PMID: 15581146
Matched MeSH terms: Ducks/microbiology*
Isolation of influenza A viruses from domestic ducks in Malaysia

Aini I, Ibrahim AL

Vet Rec, 1986 Feb 01;118(5):130.
PMID: 3962115
Matched MeSH terms: Ducks/microbiology*

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